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Файл:Английский в научных и инженерных целях. Часть 2. Учебное пособие
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2. Write 1 brief paragraph (80-90 words) summarizing the main idea of
the passage. Use the important details to support your discussion of the
main idea.
3. If you could interview the person who wrote this text what two
questions would you want to ask? Explain why each question is
important.
TASK 5. Fill in the gaps with prepositions if necessary.
1. for the first time ________ many years
2. some people are born ________ special talents
3. to truly excel ________ any given pursuit
4. a raft of scientific research lays ________ a guide
5. ________ our work with executives ________ dozens of organizations
6. by relying ________ highly specific practices,
7. determines how good we become ________ something
8. to achieve expertise ________ any complex domain.
9. we’ve found are most effective ________ our clients
10. it fuels________ focus
TASK 6. Fill in the gaps with the words below.There is a word that you do
not need to use.
excel further opportunity
ossible
otential durable
accept believe innovation determined merge game
hit form function
1. Even as a child, I never _______________ in free cheese.
2. After thinking about it, he got _______________ that he should turn
left.
3. The student _______________ in math, doing well on every test.
4. It is bad to _______________ help from the funds you do not know
really well.
5. The arrow _______________ the target.
6. Two roads _______________ into one.
7. Our new project gave us an _______________ to catch up on our
research.
8. TV is getting better but it has _______________ to go before we get
3D pictures at home.
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9. It is _______________ to sail around the world.
10. Comparing job hunt with a real hunt, you can be sure this job is a
perfect _______________.
11. Smart, kind, funny, rich and trustful. Hmmmm, he's a
_______________ sponsor.
12. The workers _______________ a union.
13. Plastic can be very _______________ and last for years and years.
14. Automobiles had been around for more than 20 years before Ford's
manufacturing _______________ made them cheap and popular.
VIDEO TASK
TASK 7. Watch the video “Euraxess Jobs”. Answer the
questions.
1. What does this young researcher move for?
2. What information can be found on Euraxess Jobs web page?
3. What are the suggested ways to seek for job opportunities?
4. Why would cutting edge researchers resort to this tool?
5. What other comprehensive information is offered?
Self-studies for SESSION 2:
1. Study active vocabulary list for the session. See Appendix 1.
2. Give a short report on the possibilities that are provided in your home
country for mobile researchers, speak about your university
opportunities.
3. Study the information below and in Table 2 and speak about the Marie
Curie Programme.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE MARIE CURIE PROGRAMME
Aim: Marie Curie Actions support the development of human resources in
research, through specific international and intersectoral mobility
initiatives. These actions aim in particular at the training and career
developments of researchers with a selection process based on excellence.
They also drive innovation by investing in interdisciplinary projects and
key skills for researchers.
Programme budget for EU for the People Programme in FP7 (2007-2013):
€4,7 billion
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2011 budget EU-wide: €527 m (see Table 2):
Table 2. The Marie Curie Programme. 2011 Expenditure per Country.
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/education/focus/doc/mobilityfigures.pdf
4. Describe the graph from Table 2. Use the active vocabulary list for
Session 1. See Appendix1.
5. Speak about European programs for research mobility, holiday
working visa options.
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SESSION 3. INNOVATIONS AND PEOPLE WHO MAKE THEM
TASK 1. Discuss in group:
What are the character traits of a successful manager and project
leader?
What character traits are absolutely inappropriate for a project leader?
Who are job hunters?
Have you had any job hunting experience?
TASK 2. Read the text below. Fill in the gaps with words on the right using
them in the appropriate form. There is an example in the beginning.
SILICON VALLEY MEETS SKOLKOVO INNOVATION HUB
By: Modern Russia on June 09, 2010
For the first time in the history of the two
countries, a team of top U.S. Silicon Valley venture
capital funds traveled to Moscow to meet with
Russian business 0) leaders and officials to better
understand the country’s 1) __________ climate and
planned high-tech 2) __________ hub, Skolkovo.
The visit, jointly organized by AmBAR and
RUSNANO, occurred between May 25-27 and also
LEAD
INVEST
INNOVATE
REPRESENT
included 3) __________ of the U.S. State
Department.
“Venture capital is a business that is based on
trusted 4) __________. Meeting Russian
entrepreneurs, business leaders and potential coinvestors will start to give U.S. venture investors the
comfort and 5) __________ that should lead to more
RELATE
FAMILIAR
investment in Russian start-ups,” said Don Wood,
6) __________ director at Draper Fisher Jurvetson.
During the delegation’s 7) __________ with
MANAGE
MEET
President Medvedev, Siguler Guff & Company
announced that it would be investing $250,000 in
8) __________ infrastructure and IT services for the
DIGIT
planned innovation hub. TechCrunch noted that this
makes Siguler Guff the first foreign investor in
Skolkovo and The Financial Times added that this
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would be the biggest project undertaken in Russia by
Siguler Guff. The FT noted Drew Guff’s comments to
President Medvedev that Russia’s flat 13 percent
income tax was an 9) __________ and The Moscow
Times picked up his comments that his U.S.
colleagues could “only dream of” having this type of
tax.
«They [Russian entrepreneurs and officials] believe
science and math, at which the Russians have always
excelled, are 10) __________ ways for them to
develop technology industries in their country. They
want to improve the business conditions, and
11) __________ is part of that... They recognize that
what they need is business expertise and they want to
learn from what we have here in the United States.
Their main desire was our input... I was very
impressed with the 12) __________ the Russians
have to make this transition in their economy. Of
course, I heard all the stories of 13) __________ and
organized crime ... both clearly exist in their
economy, but those are not the only things that exist.
There are people of better ideas, better ethics.»
ATTRACT
NATURE
ENTREPRENEUR
DETERMINE
CORRUPT
Source: Modern Russian portal http://www.modernrussia.com/content/silicon-valley-
meets-skolkovo-innovation-hub
Picture Source: http://voiceofrussia.com/2011/05/18/50480260/
MIT – international campus
TASK 3. Read the introduction to the texts below and then fill in the gaps
(1–7) in these texts with the sentences (A-H). There is one extra sentence that
you do not need to use.
WHERE ARE THE RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS STORIES?
TRY LOOKING IN PERM.
By: Daniel Satinsky, Russia Innovation Collaborative on January 31, 2011
There are many Russian success stories in the IT sector, ranging from
world-class software outsourcing companies like EPAM and Luxoft, to
Russian software product companies that have international success, like
Kaspersky Labs, Abbyy and Parallels. However, simply pointing to a few IT
25
companies does not illustrate potential for large-scale transformation of the
Russian economy.
To show that models for success exist, one would highlight three
companies in the Perm Krai. These illustrate different routes to success for
Russian technology companies – commercialization of university knowledge,
transformation of a Soviet enterprise and entrepreneurial adaptation to the
2008 downturn through entering new technology sectors.
PROGNOZ
Among the pioneers of university-based commercialization is the
company “Prognoz,” a developer and provider of business intelligence
software solutions, analytical and forecasting systems and decision support
systems in both Russian and international markets. 1) _________ Prognoz
gradually found success in the Russian market, mainly through projects with
Russian regional governments, then with Russian Federal Ministries and later
with large Russian organizations like the Bank of Russia and Gazprom.
2) ________ Prognoz customers include 3M, CNBC, Oxford Economics,
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, BASF, Bayer, Syngenta, AGCO and international
agencies like the World Bank, the World Health Organization and some
others.
PNPPK
A different challenge for the Russian economy has been the
transformation of Soviet-era enterprises into modern companies that both
utilize and produce high-end technology. The prime example of successful
transformation from old to new that should point the way for other similar
former Soviet enterprises in Perm is the Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument
Making Company (“PNPPK”). 3) _______ By 1960, it was a major producer
of gyroscopes for missile flight control in military and space applications.
The collapse of the central planning apparatus meant separation from the
design bureaus that guided technical innovation in the Soviet period and led
to difficult times for PNPPK. 4) _______ The capacity developed through its
own R&D facilities has resulted in new generations of navigations systems
for civilian and military aeronautical, marine and terrestrial applications.
SILICON PERM
The creation of Silicon Perm illustrates adaptation by Russia
entrepreneurs to the economic crisis of 2008 and to world-wide trends in
technology. 5) ________The polysilicon will be sold to customers inside
Russia and in Taiwan, India and Saudi Arabia. Silicon Perm has had
discussions with my company, Russia Innovation Collaborative, regarding
26
U.S. market entry. 6) __________The industrial park will include three
industrial clusters: microelectronics – producing polycrystalline silicon,
monocrystalline silicon ingots and silicon wafers; LED – producing sapphire
wafers, super bright LEDs and LED lamps; and equipment for electrical and
power sector – producing energy-efficient motors, Li-Ion batteries and
superconductors.
THE TIMELINE OF SUCCESS
A few conclusions are obvious, like none of companies was overnight
success. 7) _______ It is too early to say about the success of Silicon Perm,
though. In all three cases, strong leadership has been critical. Lastly, all three
are market-oriented and look to both the Russian market and international
markets for measuring the quality of their production and for potential
customers.
Abridged and adapted from Modern Russia portal.
http://www.modernrussia.com/content/where-are-russian-technology-success-stories-try-
looking-perm
A Beginning foreign sales only in 2006, the company has grown so rapidly
in international markets that it now makes a significant portion of its
revenue from them.
B Each required 10-15 years of sustained activity to reach the levels of
success that they currently enjoy.
C Headquartered in Perm and founded in 1991 by Dmitriy L. Andrianov, a
professor in the Economic Cybernetics Department of Perm State
University, the company emerged from a university project at PSU.
D In response, the company had to create its own research and development
capacity through recruiting former Soviet-era specialists from around the
country and through close collaboration with two Perm Universities in
developing training programs for young specialists.
E It was founded in 1956 under the Ministry of Aviation as an instrument
production facility for rocket and space technology.
F Partially financed by RUSNANO, the company will begin production of
microelectronic grade polysilicon by the first quarter of 2013.
G The company is the anchor for development of an industrial park in the
town of Dobryanka that will be called “SMART Perm.”
H While the majority of sales are in the Russian market, the company has
developed foreign sales and expects these to increase based on the
growing strength of its R&D.
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TASK 4. State if the following relative sentences are defining or non-defining.
1. Venture capital is a business that is based on trusted relationships.
2. They [Russian entrepreneurs and officials] believe science and math, at
which the Russians have always excelled, are natural ways for them to
develop technology industries in their country.
3. They want to improve the business conditions, and entrepreneurism is
part of that.
4. Meeting Russian entrepreneurs, business leaders and potential co-
investors will start to give U.S. venture investors the comfort and familiarity
that should lead to more investment in Russian start-ups, …;
5. … both clearly exist in their economy, but those are not the only
things that exist.
6. The collapse of the central planning apparatus meant separation from
the design bureaus that guided technical innovation in the Soviet period and
led to difficult times for PNPPK.
7. The prime example of successful transformation from old to
new that should point the way for other similar former Soviet enterprises in
Perm is the Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company Silicon
Perm is the anchor for development of an industrial park in the town of
Dobryanka that will be called SMART Perm.
8. Each required 10-15 years of sustained activity to reach the levels of
success that they currently enjoy.
9. the search for examples that illustrate potential for large-scale
transformation of the Russian economy
10. To show that models for success exist, I would like to highlight
three that I encountered on a recent trip to the Perm Krai.
11. PNPPKA different challenge for the Russian economy has been the
transformation of Soviet-era enterprises into modern companies that both
utilize and produce high-end technology.
12. There are many Russian success stories in the IT sector, ranging from
world-class software outsourcing companies like EPAM and Luxoft, to
Russian software product companies that have international success, like
Kaspersky Labs, Abbyy and Parallels.
28
TASK 5. Give a talk on the following success stories. Follow the outlines
Story 1
TAXOL®
NIH's (NCI) Contribution
Identified paclitaxel from the Pacific yew
tree bark by screening natural products for
antitumor activity
Conducted pre-clinical testing and clinical
trials
Developed alternative drug administration
methods
Bristol-Myers Squibb's Contribution
Developed supplies of Taxol® by licensing
Taxol semisynthesis technology from
Florida State University
Collaborated in the clinical development with the NIH
Results of Collaboration
Product -- Anti-cancer drug Taxol®
FDA approved Taxol® for the treatment of breast, ovarian, lung cancer
and Kaposi's sarcoma
Over 1 million patients received treatment with Taxol® (paclitaxel)
Source for the text and picture: http://ttc.nci.nih.gov/about/success_taxol.php
Story 2
LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION (LCM)
NIH'S (NCI & NICHD) Contribution
Conceived the idea of microdissection
Invented a special thermoplastic polymer film
activated by laser beams
Developed a prototype LCM unit that used a
carbon dioxide laser
Arcturus' Contribution
Contributed the laser diode technology
Developed a prototype Laser Diode System
LCM
Results of Collaboration
Product -- Laser Capture Microdissection machine
More than 700 articles have been published based on LCM technology
Nearly a thousand LCM machines have been sold for use in research
on breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers
Source for the text and picture: http://ttc.nci.nih.gov/about/success_lcm.php
29
Story 3
PACLITAXEL-ELUTING CORONARY STENT SYSTEM
NIH's (NIA) Contribution
Invented the method of using the anticancer
drug paclitaxel at a lower dosage to treat
restenosis
Incorporated the drug in a slow-release polymer
for coated stent
Carried out the early animal experiments
Industrial Partners' Contribution
Invented the method of using stent coated with paclitaxel for clinical
applications
Results of Collaboration
Product - Taxus® Express2TM device
This product and similar drug-coated stents are expected to
substantially replace open-heart bypass surgeries currently performed
on more than 350,000 Americans a year
Source for the text and picture: http://ttc.nci.nih.gov/about/success_pecss.php
VIDEO TASK
TASK 6. Watch the video about nanotech risks. Follow the
outline given below.
Nanotech Risks
Be engineered from the molecular level up
Like any new technology there is a potential for harm
Emerging new technologies
Potential dangers
The key areas
Are there any way that these properties harm people and environment if
exposure occurs?
Nanometer silver
Be a great anti-microbulator e.g. in refrigerators, washing machines, socks
Sth which is designed to kill good microbes as well as bad microbes
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