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Файл:Английский в научных и инженерных целях. Часть 1. Учебное пособие
.pdf
TOMSK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING
PART I
Recommended for publishing as a study aid
by the Editorial Board of the Tomsk Polytechnic University
Draftsmen
Inga V. Slesarenko, Evgeniya O. Frantsuzskaya
Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House
2013
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ
ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
В НАУЧНЫХ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ЦЕЛЯХ
ЧАСТЬ 1
Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия
Редакционно-издательским советом
Томского политехнического университета
Составители
И.В. Слесаренко, Е.О. Французская
Издательство
Томского политехнического университета
2013
УДК 811.111’243(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923
А64
А64 Английский в научных и инженерных целях: учебное посо-
бие. Часть 1 / сост.: И.В. Слесаренко, Е.О. Французская; Томский
политехнический университет. – Томск: Изд-во Томского политехнического университета, 2012. – 80 с.
Пособие разработано в рамках обеспечения учебной дисциплины «English
for Science and Engineering», программа повышения квалификации для сотрудников НИ ТПУ «Английский в научных и инженерных целях».
Предназначено для сотрудников технического университета, овладевающих
английским языком на уровне, позволяющем общаться с зарубежными коллегами
на профессиональные темы, осуществлять поиск информации на английском
языке, обобщать и оформлять результаты своих исследований в статьи, заявки на
гранты.
УДК 811.111’243(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923
Рецензенты
Кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры атомных
и тепловых электростанций ЭНИН ТПУ
В.Е. Губин
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент ТГУ
Л.В. Михалева
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент
ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории развития системы
непрерывного педагогического образования ИРОС РАО
Е.Ю. Азбукина
© Составление. ФГБОУ ВПО НИ ТПУ, 2012
© Слесаренко И.В., Французская Е.О.,
составление 2012
© Оформление. Издательство Томского
политехнического университета, 2013
CONTENTS
TOPIC 1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ........................................................... 6
Session 1. Promoting science and research ............................................ 6
Session 2. A company starts with an idea ............................................ 13
Session 3. Introducing project
and Commenting its Content ............................................... 22
TOPIC 2
R&D PERFORMANCE AND MEASUREMENT ...................................... 28
Session 4. Reading approximations.
Presenting data in scientific reports ..................................... 28
Session 5. Developing a new product.
Engineering creativity ......................................................... 51
APPENDIX 1 ................................................................................................ 69
APPENDIX 2 ................................................................................................ 75
REFERENCES AND USEFUL LINKS ....................................................... 78
5
TOPIC 1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SESSION 1. PROMOTING SCIENCE AND RESEARCH
TASK 1. Discuss the questions:
What is done on federal level to support research in your county?
What other funds support scientists in conducting research?
Which universities in your country have strong reputation for research?
What kind of research are you engaged in – fundamental, basic, applied?
What is research intensive university, industry?
TASK 2. What is R&D? Discuss the notions given; provide your definition
and understanding of the R&D. Give examples of your university work in the
field of research and development.
Research and development is:
1. Engineering field of technology development and transfer.
2. The process of developing scientific knowledge and working out its
possible applications.
3. Scientific activity for developing a particular technology and often car-
ried out as governmental or corporate activity.
4. Other.
TASK 3. Read the text and answer the questions.
The National Science Foundation funds research and education in most fields of science and engineering. It does this
through grants, and cooperative agreements to more than
2,000 colleges, universities, K-12 school systems, businesses,
informal science organizations and other research organizations throughout the United States.
6
The Foundation accounts for about one-fourth of federal support to aca-
demic institutions for basic research.
NSF receives approximately 40,000 proposals each year for research,
education and training projects, of which approximately 11,000 are funded.
In addition, the Foundation receives several thousand applications for graduate and postdoctoral fellowships.
The agency operates no laboratories itself but does support National Research Centers, user facilities, certain oceanographic vessels and Antarctic
research stations. The Foundation also supports cooperative research between
universities and industry, US participation in international scientific and engineering efforts, and educational activities at every academic level.
Source: US National Science Foundation official website
What are the main activities of the National Science Foundation?
What are the main areas of financial support provided by NSF?
What the main factual data have you learned from the text?
What else do you know about NSF?
What other organizations or funds that support research in other coun-
tries are you aware of?
TASK 4. Check your knowledge of prepositions:
a. fund ___research
b. fund _____ grants, and cooperative agreements
c. support ______ academic institutions _____ basic research
d. receive ______ proposals ____ fellowships
e. operate _____ laboratories
f. supports cooperative research _______ universities and industry
g. participate _____ events ____ every academic level
Give Russian equivalents of the phrases above.
7
TASK 5. Discuss the following questions in group. Find additional information if necessary.
What kind of research does The National Science Foundation fund?
What does the funding go though?
How many proposals does the Foundation receive and fund?
What are the primary research lines for funding?
Do you know any organizations of this kind in your country?
Tell about your experience for grant application for research and devel-
opment.
TASK 6. Read the text.
Innovation with Paint
Innovation, ideas and paint were high on the agenda as the University
played host to “Entrepreneurship Week” in August, as David Scott explains.
Entrepreneurship and innovation were promoted on University campuses around Melbourne in “E-Week 09”. Founded in 2007 by Amir Nissen,
then an undergraduate Commerce student at the University of Melbourne,
SEAOC was created to help cultivate communities of entrepreneurship in
Australian universities. It is an initiative of “Student Entrepreneurs Agents of
Change” (SEAOC), based at the Faculty of Economics and Commerce.
Across 18 events, students were given the chance to hear from speakers such
as James Tuckerman (founder, Anthill Magazine), Ed Hooper (Microsoft Imagine
Cup winner 2008) and James Murphy (founder of Kerekere), as well as partake
in panel discussions, workshops and competitions. Arum Sugiono, Marketing
Manager for SEAOC, says the centerpiece was undoubtedly the Innovators’
Challenge. “It’s a six day competition where we invited students to create as
much “value” as possible from an assigned everyday object, to create a business
or social cause from that object, and document the experience on video.”
“This year’s mystery object was “paint”, which led to some really creative ideas, from a credit card-sized paint kit to “Paint a Professor”, where five
lecturers from the University of Melbourne and Monash University had their
8
faces painted for charity in the middle of their lectures, raising more than
$1100 in the process.”
“It was all about maximizing impact with minimal resources, and the
panels that ran throughout the week really emphasized these two points.”
Phillip Kingston, Managing Director of Kingston Development, agrees.
A graduate from the University of Melbourne (Bachelor of Science/Bachelor
of Commerce), he sat on a number of panels at the inaugural E-Week, and
was again a speaker this year. He says the event is incredibly helpful to
young entrepreneurs. “E-Week provides students with examples, counterexamples and guidance on how to get their ideas off the ground. It also
shapes students’ intuition on when to pursue ideas and how to decide if an
idea has commercial, environmental or social viability.
“If there was one thing we learnt along the way, it’s the power of networking and connections”, says Arum Suigono. “We hope to foster this by
creating a bridge between the university community and the external entrepreneurial communities that exist through our events.
Entrepreneurs Week is based on “Entrepreneurship Week” held at Stanford University, which takes place in February. We wanted to make an Entrepreneurs Week which matched the academic dates for Australian universities. This is the second time Entrepreneurs Week has run in Melbourne
University, and our aim is to make it an annual event.
Source: The University of Melbourne Voice, Vol. 5,
No. 6 14 September – 11 October 2009.
TASK 7. Explain and translate the italicized words and phrases from the text.
be high on the agenda get an idea off the ground
be promoted on campus have commercial, environmental
cultivate a community
or social viability (about an idea)
be based at the faculty the power of networking
partake in a discussion, an event
the centerpiece of an event
and connections
foster a plan, hope
9
assigned object
create a bridge between the univer-
lead to innovative ideas
raise money
set on a number of panels
sity community and the external entrepreneurial communities
set on a number of panels
TASK 8. Ask your fellow students questions based on the article’s information.
TASK 9. Insert prepositions where necessary, the sentences are based on the
text information:
1. Every university strives … developing its own traditions, e.g. making
some festive occasions … an annual event.
2. Such activities as E-week, Innovation forums are very helpful … young
entrepreneurs.
3. Through charity activities universities foster … connections …. univer-
sity, industry and society.
4. It is … high importance to prove that an idea might have commercial,
economic and social viability.
5. Environmental effect … any technology is also a scrupulously consid-
ered issue.
6. Entrepreneurial activities for student also shape their intuition … when
to pursue an idea.
7. Sometimes entrepreneurial activities are successful examples of joint
collaborative work performed … several universities.
TASK 10. Grammar focus. Explain what the italicized word in the paragraphs stated below refers to.
nd
1. 2
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7
5. 8
paragraph: Founded in 2007 …
th
paragraph: … which led to some really creative ideas, from …
th
paragraph: … throughout the week really emphasized these two points …
th
paragraph: We hope to foster this by creating …
th
paragraph: … which takes place in February.
10
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