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ЧАСТЬ 3. СТАТЬЯ
На этой особенности текста и нужно делать акцент при составлении плана и реферировании.
Таблица 11
Синопсис статьи 2
The given text, entitled “Many women want to pursue higher education, but
structural barriers remain”, by Nayunda Andhika Sari, is a newspaper article
abstract taken from theconversation.com website. The article focuses on the
problems a mother can face when getting a post-graduate degree: Master’s or PhD.
1. the main idea of
the article:
– the received
opinion
– the opposing
statement
It’s common knowledge that people can advantage in
different spheres of their professional and social life if they
obtain a post-graduate degree.
However, the women may fi nd it diffi cult, especially when
having kids.
2. a survey
conducted
3. the survey outline
4. the survey
specifi cs:
– the similar groups
– the challenges the
women face
– people who could
support women
5. other problems
The given article provides the results of the survey conducted
in the United Arab Emirates in 2017, which aimed to explain
how diffi cult is the life of a mother who has to juggle her
parental, academic and even career duties.
The research involved 406 females with children from
Indonesia, who were pursuing either master’s or doctorate
degree both at home and abroad.
On the one hand, the study found that all women face the
same challenges without regard to their position whether they
are nurturers, students, academics or offi ce workers.
The paper lists these challenges as following: time-consuming
and labour-intensive academic tasks and the responsibilities
of caring for and raising children
On the other hand, the author claims that these challenges
can be even harder for those who fi nd themselves far from
home and lack the support from their spouses, parents, friends
or extended family members.
The abstract fi nishes with the speculation that without
support these women may even get mental and physical
exhaustion as, according to the author, “women still have
to face masculine hegemony and patriarchy in the higher
education system”, which leads to sex-discrimination and
results in inequality.
41
М. А . СОКОЛОВА. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIA • АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
В последнем пункте реферирования приведена цитата
из оригинальной статьи. Не нужно бояться обращаться к тексту
при устном ответе, поскольку иногда сделать перифраз невозможно. Кроме того, в задачи студента на экзамене входит показать,
что он ориентируется в тексте статьи. Цитирование можно сопроводить связками типа according to, as stated in, in the opinion of, as
claimed by.
3.3. Примеры заданий на реферирование
газетной статьи
После приведенных ниже фрагментов статей, опубликованных
на сайте theconversation.com, представлены задания в качестве тренировки навыков по реферированию статьи. Полный текст статей
и ссылки на них помещены в Приложение 4.
Статья 1. Four reasons you should consider adult education – even
if you’re at the start of your career
Will Curtis
Adult education has often been associated with evening classes for
older people, such as the wonderful non-formal educational opportunities
provided by organizations like the University of the Third Age. Nevertheless,
there is huge value in learning at all stages of life, including for those in
their twenties and thirties – for work, self-development, health, happiness
and participation in wider community life. Colleges and universities
provide opportunities that include short courses, evening classes, fully
online distance-programmes and work-based learning. Adults can study
for pleasure, to gain a professional development certifi cate, or to complete
a full undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or even a PhD. Research has
demonstrated the positive impact of lifelong learning. Its transformative
effects include developing critical and refl ective skills, fostering a better
understanding of our place in the world and our relationship to others,
and developing a more secure and fulfi lled sense of wellbeing. Despite these
benefi ts, the collapse in further education funding and the introduction
of higher university tuition fees has made adult education a noteworthy
42
ЧАСТЬ 3. СТАТЬЯ
casualty of austerity. There has been a dramatic decline in the number
of adults studying in colleges and universities. Part-time mature student
participation decreased by 57% between 2010-11 and 2019-20. However,
there has been a policy shift in the last few years. The UK government
recently launched a consultation into the provision of a lifelong loan
entitlement, which would provide funding for education to be used over
the course of a lifetime. The expansion of online learning also means there
are now considerably more opportunities to get back into study as an
adult, especially for those looking to enhance their skills or change career
trajectories.
Task 1. Read the given abstract and subdivide it into logical parts.
Task 2. Underline the key-words and plan the text.
Task 3. Summarize each part in 1 – 2 sentences.
Task 4. Make up the introductory paragraph covering the general
information about the article.
Task 5. Write down your article review. Use the proper linkers.
Статья 2. Does hardening schools make students safer?
Elizabeth K. Anthony
The fi rst real possibility for federal fi rearms legislation in decades has
been sketched out by a bipartisan group of senators.
It comes in the wake of the May 23, 2022, school shooting in Uvalde,
Texas, in which an 18-year-old gunman killed 19 children and two teachers
before himself being killed in a gunfi re exchange with police.
Perhaps inspired by concerns that the shooter entered the school
through a door whose lock malfunctioned, and faced few other barriers or
restrictions during his attack, the bipartisan proposal would boost both
physical security measures and the number of mental health workers in
schools. It could come on top of US$1 billion in proposed funding to hire
more school counselors, nurses, social workers and school psychologists.
Another approach popular among some politicians to increase school
safety is so-called school hardening. Hardening encompasses a wide range
of physical defenses, such as surveillance cameras, metal detectors, doorlocking systems, arming teachers and even armed guards. In the weeks
43
М. А . СОКОЛОВА. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIA • АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
following the Uvalde shooting, support for arming teachers and employing
police offi cers in schools has been renewed by leaders from both political
parties.
The Uvalde shooting, like every school shooting, raises questions and
concerns for parents and community members about how schools might be
able to deter a prospective shooter from attacking. Sadly, my research and
the research of others fi nds that there is no way that schools can become so
secure as to prevent gun violence.
School security is big business
School security has become a major industry in the United States. Each
year, more than $2.7 billion are spent on hardening schools.
But there is currently no conclusive evidence that any of these measures
prevent school shootings. In some cases, attackers have shot out windows
to enter the building or triggered fi re alarms to cause the school’s occupants
to exit. Schools’ attempts to make students safer don’t actually do that,
and cost schools money that could help increase staff and better equip
classrooms for learning.
Even inexpensive fi xes that safety professionals consider best practices,
like locking exterior doors, are of limited effectiveness. Door-locking policies
are not always enforced. Or, as in the Uvalde shooting, the equipment
meant to keep doors locked malfunctioned. All this spending and activity
may give students and teachers a false sense of security.
Task 1. Read the given abstract and plan the text. Point out the
main idea of the article.
Task 2. Find the background information on the issue under
discussion.
Task 3. Make up the introductory paragraph covering the general
information about the article.
Task 4. Make up a short summary of each part in 1 – 2 sentences.
Task 5. Write down the article review arguing for or against the
author’s position. Use the proper linkers.
44
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Андреева Е.И., Николаева Н.Е. Study Guide to Economics / под общ.
ред. Л.В. Кулик. М.: Экономический факультет МГУ, ТЕИС,
2005. 91 с.
2. Махоней Ш. Английский для менеджеров по продажам и закупкам
(Cornelsen Verlag). 1-е изд. М.: Дельта Паблишинг, 2008. 84 с.
3. Самохина Т.С., Дианова Е.М. Пусть ваш английский станет еще
лучше!: практикум по
курсов языковых факультетов вузов. 4-е изд. М.: Р.Валент, 2013.
224 с.
4. English for academics. Book 1. In collaboration with the British
Council. Cambridge University Press and the British Council Russia,
2014. 176 p.
5. Grussendorf M. English for presentations. Oxford University Press,
2007. 80 p.
6. McCarthy M., O’Dell F. Academic Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge
University Press, 2014. 176 p.
7. McCarthy M., O’Dell F. English Vocabulary in Use. Advanced. Cambridge
University Press, 2017. 300 p.
8. Mitchell R. IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. The ultimate guide
with practice to get a target band score of 8.0+ in 10 minutes a day.
Independently published, 2017. 90 p.
9. Sweeney S. English for business communication. Second edition.
Cambridge University Press, 2003. 174 p.
10. Tullis G., Trappe T. New insights into business. Pearson Education
Limited, 2004. 176 p.
11. Lexico.com. URL: https://www.lexico.com (дата обращения: 15.06.2022).
12. Pew Research Center. URL: https://www.pewresearch.org (дата обращения: 15.06.2022).
13. Тhe Сonversation.com. URL: https://theconversation.com (дата обра-
щения: 15.06.2022).
устной и письменной речи для старших
45
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1
Expressing opinion
(As) for me
As far as I’m concerned,
As I see it,
From my standpoint,
I am convinced that
I am a strong believer in
I believe
I presume
I suppose
I tend to
I think
If you ask me,
In my estimation,
In my judgement
In my opinion
In my view,
My viewpoint is
To my mind
To my way of thinking/ according to my way of thinking,
What I mean is
Expressing agreement
I admit that
I agree with
I am all in favor of
I am an advocate of
I am in sympathy/ sympathize with
I am of the same mind
I am of the same opinion
I approve of the idea
I feel strongly that
46
I see eye to eye about
I share the idea
I strongly support/ I am a strong supporter of
I tend to agree
Expressing disagreement
I absolutely (wholly) disapprove of
I am a fi erce opponent of
I am strongly against
I am strongly opposed to
I disagree
I refuse to accept
My opinion diverges widely on this question
Our opinions diverge
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
47
М. А . СОКОЛОВА. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIA • АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2
Прочие примеры визуального представления информации
В настоящем Приложении 2 представлены образцы диаграмм,
которые имеют непривычный вид. Они внешне отличаются от типичных графиков, подробно рассмотренных в Части 2 настоящего пособия, но имеют те же самые функции. Все примеры взяты
из открытых источников сети интернет.
1. Sparkline (спарклайн, искрографик, инфокривая) –
миниа тюрная диаграмма, чрезвычайно
онно и часто имеющая размер одной ячейки Excel. Статистические
и сопроводительные данные помещаются рядом с диаграммой.
Спарклайны бывают линейного типа – line (Рис. 11), типа столбца – column (Рис. 12), типа выигрыша-проигрыша – winloss (Рис. 13)
и типа прогресса – bar (Рис. 14):
насыщенная информаци-
Рисунок 11
48
Рисунок 12
Рисунок 13
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
Рисунок 14
25 75
25 3
5 12
42 10
2. Gantt chart (диаграмма Ганта) – визуализация процесса, состоящая, как правило, из ряда отрезков, обозначающих конкретное
задание или этап работы. Каждый отрезок соответствуют продолжительности конкретного периода и имеют свое начало и окончание.
Все отрезки расположены последовательно вдоль временной оси.
Такое представление процесса помогает в комплексе увидеть
все этапы и задачи, продолжительность и даты, исполнителей
и способы объединения задач. Вся представленная таким образом
информация позволяет оценить ресурсы и взаимосвязи задач,
а также спланировать и структурировать процесс.
Рисунок 15
3. Ridgeline plot/Joyplot (риджлайн-график, график линии
хребта) – довольно крупный график, особенностью которого явля-
ется наслоение (overlap) информационных полос (линий – Рис.16
или столбцов – Рис. 17).
Такой тип графика визуально отличается привлекательностью, красочностью и эффектностью. Главной особенностью,
49
М. А . СОКОЛОВА. ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIA • АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
отличающей его от сходных линейного или столбцового типов,
можно назвать пиковые показатели: на этом графике все данные
варьируются от выше среднего до максимального.
Рисунок 16
Рисунок 17
4. A pictogram chart (a pictograph, an icon chart, a picture chart,
a pictorial unit charts) – график с рисунками. Такой способ визуали-
зации информации, с одной стороны, очень прост: картинки способствуют пониманию статистических данных за счет развлекательного
элемента. Однако, с другой стороны, такие графики могут быть чрезвычайно насыщены датами, цифрами, дополнительной и фоновой
информацией, а также содержать элементы других графиков.
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