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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5533_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Nanobiotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Nanobiotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Figure 3.5. Application of AI and nanomedicine in different fields.
epithelial–mesenchymal transition in diffuse-type gastric cancer. This approach
allows for more targeted treatments based on specific cancer characteristics.
Finally, the gut–brain axis represents another crucial area where ML algorithms
can be applied to GID therapy. AI can help unravel the complex interactions
between the GI system and the brain, providing valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. The various aspects of AI’s integration
with nanoscience and nanotechnology in nanomedicine, particularly in the field of
gastroenterology are shown in figure 3.5.
3.9.1 Diagnostics
AI systems have proven to be remarkably accurate in analyzing images from
medical procedures like colonoscopies and endoscopies. These clever computers can
spot irregularities, GI disease early warning indicators, and even potentially
malignant tumors that could be hard for human experts to find. Early disease
detection and diagnosis can result in quicker interventions and improved patient
outcomes [93].
3.9.2 Individualized treatment
The development of individualized treatment regimens is made possible by AI’s
ability to assess substantial volumes of patient-specific data, such as genetic data,
medical history, lifestyle factors, and reactions to prior therapies. These individualized treatments are created to meet the unique aspects of each patient’s disease,
resulting in more focused, efficient treatments with fewer side effects [94].
3-26
Nanobiotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Diseases
3.9.3 Proactive patient monitoring
AI-powered systems can keep track of patients constantly by evaluating data in realtime through sensors, wearable technology, and other sources. Healthcare workers
can respond early and avert any emergencies by quickly identifying any symptoms
of disease complications or exacerbation. This in-the-moment observation improves
patient care and guarantees improved illness control [95].
3.9.4 Decision support systems
The creation of decision-support systems for medical practitioners is made possible
by AI’s capacity to process and evaluate enormous volumes of clinical and medical
data. These tools can offer recommendations for treatments that are supported by
the available data, assisting physicians in making well-informed choices regarding
patient care. A healthcare system that is more effective and ef ficient is one that
combines human competence and AI [96].
3.9.5 Biomarker discovery and therapeutic development
AI can assist in the discovery of novel biomarkers connected to GI illnesses, offering
important insights into the pathophysiology of the condition and possible therapeutic targets. This knowledge could hasten medication development procedures
and result in the identification of brand new GI disease treatment modalities [97, 98].
3.9.6 Patient outcomes and quality of life
By combining AI with nanomedicine and gastroenterology, we want to improve
patient outcomes and raise the general standard of living for those with GI illnesses.
AI-driven solutions have a substantial influence on patient care and management by
offering early and accurate diagnoses, individualized treatment regimens, and realtime monitoring.
3.9.7 Regulation and ethical issues
While AI presents exciting breakthroughs, it is crucial to address issues like data
privacy, ethics, and the need for strong regulatory frameworks. To maintain patient
safety and confidence, it is essential to integrate AI in healthcare responsibly [99].
3.10 Conclusion
In particular, cancer cell research, biomedicine, and nanobiology have benefited
from the integration of AI with nanoscience and nanotechnology in nanomedicine,
which has shown promising results in the field of gastroenterology. The extraordinary precision in diagnosing GI disorders from medical imaging made possible by
AI’s capacity to evaluate massive volumes of data has enabled early therapies and
improved patient outcomes. The treatment of GI diseases has also been transformed
by AI-generated individualized treatment regimens based on patient-specific data,
which optimize medicines and reduce side effects. AI-powered technologies enable
3-27
Nanobiotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Diseases
ongoing patient monitoring and quickly identify symptoms of illness escalation. The
use of decision-support technologies improves physician decision-making by offering evidence-based treatment suggestions. For ethical AI applications in healthcare,
regulatory frameworks and ethical issues must be taken into account. AI and human
expertise working together have the potential to significantly advance GI medicines,
helping patients all around the world.
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IOP Publishing
Nanobiotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Vivek K Chaturvedi, Anurag Kumar Singh, Jay Singh and Dawesh P Yadav
Chapter 4
Novel drug delivery systems for inflammatory
bowel disease
Ashutosh Kumar, Pratistha Singh, Rajesh Kumar and Sunil Dutt
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis constitute the majority of the chronic and
recurrent inflammatory disorder known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These
are incurable and complex disease states. The treatment of IBD is complex because
of gastrointestinal (GI) tract inflammation and epithelium damage. Several
approaches have been used to treat this chronic illness. To treat the inflamed region
of the GI tract, selective and site-specific drug delivery methods continue to be
important. Antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppressive and high nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have been used for the treatment of IBD. Targeted drug delivery
to the specificinflammatory area of the bowl increases therapeutic efficacy and
allows for localized treatment, which lowers systemic toxicity. Some drug formulations have been formulated as targeted delivery to reduce the early signs of
inflammation. Drugs made from nanoparticles (NPs) have recently received a lot
of attention due to their potential to address these issues. There are various types of
nanodrug delivery systems, which can deliver the drug into the inflamed or targeted
area of the gut for the prolonged and desired action. Some novel drug delivery
systems have been developed for targeting the inflamed area of the gut. These are
now frequently employed to deliver medications, proteins, DNA, RNA, genes,
polypeptides, medicines, and even vaccinations. Enteric coated pills, prodrugs and
hybrid drug delivery systems are examples of some novel drug delivery systems. A
stable and functionally developed novel drug delivery system is required in order to
deliver the drugs specifically to the disease site, increase the duration of the drug’s
residence time, and reduce systemic effects. This chapter will discuss the type and the
role of novel drug delivery systems in the treatment of IBD along with challenges
and future aspects in the treatment of IBD.
doi:10.1088/978-0-7503-6134-7ch4 4-1 ª IOP Publishing Ltd 2024