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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_27_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана
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ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Dedication
I dedicate this book to Betty, Carol, Briana, Marc, Andrew, Malin,
Jordan, Elle, Henry, and Hedda.
—Saul Kassin
Dedicated to the uncompromising pursuit for a fair and just world.
—Gregory Privitera
I dedicate this book to those who have taught me the power of
gratitude, optimism, and never giving up.
—Krisstal Clayton
ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
Saul Kassin
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Gregory J. Privitera
St. Bonaventure University
Krisstal D. Clayton
University of North Texas
Los Angeles
London
New Delhi
Singapore
Washington DC
Melbourne
Copyright © 2022 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. Except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, no
part of this work may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
All third party trademarks referenced or depicted herein are
included solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of
their respective owners. Reference to these trademarks in no way
indicates any relationship with, or endorsement by, the trademark
owner.
FOR INFORMATION:
SAGE Publications, Inc.
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Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: order@sagepub.com
SAGE Publications Ltd.
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London, EC1Y 1SP
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Delhi 110 044
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SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.
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China Square Central Singapore 048423
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names:
Kassin, Saul, author. | Privitera, Gregory J., author. | Clayton, Krisstal
D., 1978- author. Title: Essentials of psychology / Saul Kassin,
Gregory J. Privitera, Krisstal D. Clayton. Description: Los Angeles :
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SAGE, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021013761 | ISBN 9781544348438 (paperback ;
alk. paper) | ISBN 9781544348469 (epub) Subjects: LCSH:
Psychology. Classification: LCC BF121 .K3352 2022 | DDC 150--
dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021013761
Printed in the United States of America Medical illustrations
created by Body Scientific International.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Acquisitions Editor: Lara Parra Content Development Editor:
Emma Newsom Project Editor: Veronica Stapleton Hooper Copy
Editor: Amy Marks Proofreader: Dennis Webb Typesetter: diacriTech
Cover Designer: Rose Storey Marketing Manager: Victoria
Velasquez
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BRIEF CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Student Success Guide
Moments in Psychology Around the World
Chapter 1 Psychology and Its Methods
Chapter 2 Behavioral Neuroscience
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception
Chapter 4 Consciousness
Chapter 5 Learning
Chapter 6 Memory
Chapter 7 Thought, Language, and Intelligence
Chapter 8 Personality
Chapter 9 Life Span Development and Its Contexts
Chapter 10 Social and Cultural Influences
Chapter 11 Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 12 Health, Stress, and Wellness
Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders
Chapter 14 Treatment and Interventions
Appendix: Statistics in Psychology
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
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DETAILED CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Student Success Guide
Moments in Psychology Around the World
Chapter 1 Psychology and Its Methods
What Is Psychology?
Historical Roots
Pioneers in the Study of the Mind
The Behaviorist Alternative
The “Cognitive Revolution”
Expansion of Psychology’s Horizons
Psychology as a Multidimensional Science
Psychology as a Responsive and Anticipatory
Science
Values, Ethics, and Social Responsibility
Psychology Applied: When Protests Become
Violent
Moralization of a Cause
Perceived Moral Convergence and Social
Media
A Range of Perspectives
Scientific Methods
The Research Process
Research Settings
Psychological Measurements
Physiological Measures
Self-Reports
Behavioral Observations
Archival Records
Research Designs
Descriptive Research
Correlational Studies
Experiments
Literature Reviews
Ethical Considerations
Ethical Considerations in Human Research
Ethical Considerations in Animal Research
Psychology Today
Emerging Branches of Psychology
Sociocultural Perspectives
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Thinking Like a Psychologist About Psychology and
Its Methods
Chapter 2 Behavioral Neuroscience
The Body’s Communication Networks
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
The Neuron
Structure of the Neuron
The Neuron in Action
How Neurons Communicate
Neurotransmitters
The Brain
Tools of Behavioral Neuroscience
Clinical Case Studies
Experimental Interventions
Electrical Recordings
Brain-Imaging Techniques
Regions of the Brain
The Brainstem
The Limbic System
The Cerebral Cortex
The Split Brain
Split-Brain Studies
Cerebral Lateralization
Prospects for the Future
The Brain’s Capacity for Growth and
Reorganization
The Benefit of Plasticity: Growth Through
Experience
What’s Your Prediction?
The Cost of Plasticity: The Case of the
Phantom Limb
Repairing the Damaged Brain: New Frontiers
Neurogenesis
Psychology Applied: Head Injury in Contact
Sports
Neural Transplantation
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Behavioral
Neuroscience
Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception
Measuring the Sensory Experience
Absolute Thresholds
Signal-Detection Theory
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Difference Thresholds
Sensation
Vision
Light
The Visual System
Color Vision
Hearing
Sound Waves
The Auditory System
Hearing Abilities
Hearing Loss
Psychology Applied: When Is Loud Too Loud?
Other Senses
Smell
Taste
Touch
What’s Your Prediction?
Temperature
Pain
Coordination
Keeping the Signals Straight
Perception
Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground
Gestalt Laws of Grouping
Perceptual Constancies
Depth and Dimension
Binocular Depth Cues
Monocular Depth Cues
Origins of Depth Perception
Perceptual Set
The World of Illusions
Thinking Like a Psychologist About Sensation and
Perception
Chapter 4 Consciousness
Attentional Processes
Selective Attention
Divided Attention
Influence Without Awareness
Mere Exposure
Priming
Sleep and Dreams
The Sleep-Wake Cycle
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