The effectiveness of RFA in ablating target tissue depends on factors such as power delivery, maxi­mum temperature achieved, and duration of the ablation [52]. When alternating radiofrequency current is applied, it generates cellular agitation and localized heating due to tissue impedance. When the electrical impedance remains low, out­ward spherical tissue damage emanates from the treatment probe. If the current is delivered too rapidly, tissue charring can occur at the probe­tissue interface, resulting in increased impedance and halted heating [53, 54]. To avoid incomplete or nonuniform ablation, temperatures during RFA are generally maintained at or below 105°C.It is also important to reach a minimum target temperature that induces cellular death. In studies using human prostate tissue, irreversible cell injury was achieved at temperatures of 45°C for 60minutes, 55°C for 5min, and 70°C for 1min [55]. Similarly, short exposures to temper­atures above 70 °C were found to be lethal to human RCC invitro [56]. Modern temperature­based RFA generators are programmed to reach a target temperature of 90–105 °C, with a mini­mum of 70 °C uniformly reached during the treatment cycle to ensure successful ablation. Impedance- based systems typically start at 40–80W and increase gradually at 10W/min to a maximum of 130–200W until an impedance of 200–500 ohms is reached. Optimizing the power delivery, temperature control, and impedance monitoring in RFA procedures is essential to achieve effective tissue ablation while avoiding charring and incomplete treatment.