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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5209_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
496
Index
Freeze-thaw cycles, 29
Fusion biopsy, 90, 194, 195
Fusion laser ablation (FLA), 297
Fusion platforms and fusion procedures, 293
Fusion TT Cryoablation, 305
FUTURE trial, 213
G
Gallium-68 (68Ga)-radiolabeled PSMA ligands, 243,
68
Ga-PSMA-11, 243, 246, 247
68
Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-targeted biopsy, 247
68
Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI, 245
68
Ga-RM2, 246
244
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), 245–247
Genomic biomarkers, 125
Genomic heterogeneity, 126
Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), 113, 125, 237, 267
Germline mutations, 267
Gleason grade, 179, 309
Gleason pattern 4, 57, 264
Gleason score, 194, 201, 256, 260
Global Gleason score, 260
Glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1), 236
Grade Group (GG) 2 disease, 56
Green Laser, 294
H
Halsted mastectomy, 15
Halstedian growth pattern, 18
Harmonic frequencies, 173
Healthcare providers, 87, 88, 157
Healthcare system, patient access, 88
Heat shock proteins (HSP), 118
Hellman, Samuel, 18
Hematuria, 40
Hemi-ablation, 276, 277, 331, 365
Heterogeneity of primary PCa, 114
High-dose rate interventional radiotherapy (HDR IRT),
319
High-frequency IRE (H-FIRE), 82
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 17, 52, 73,
90, 91, 276, 286, 287, 293, 469
ablation, 161
focal therapy, 442, 459, 460
mechanism of action, 389, 390
mpMRI, 421, 423
overview, 389
patient candidacy and contraindications, 390
robotic HIFU
CeTRUS, 393, 394
complications, 400, 401
denition, 390
follow up, 394
functional outcomes, 399–400
intraoperative monitoring, 393
oncologic outcomes, 394–398
patient preparation, positioning and docking, 391
patient report quality of life, 401
platform, 390, 391
post-operative care, 394
procedure, 392, 393
safety features, 391
High voltage electrical pulses (HVEPs), 345
Histopathology protocol, 126, 222
HoLEP, 294
Homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, 56
Hormonal therapy, 6
The Human Investigations Committee of the Urological
Research Network in Miami, 304
Hydrodissection, 27, 28
I
Iceball ablation zones, 29
IL-6, 119
Image-based software tracking, 197, 198
Image-based tracking, 204
Image-guided biopsy, 160, 211
Image-guided cryoablation, 285
Image registration devices and techniques, 298–299
Image-targeted biopsy, 212
Immune Enhancer, 342
In-bore MRI-guided biopsy, 191, 192
Index hernia repair, 295
Index lesion, 7, 97, 103, 106, 179, 180
hypothesis, 266
role of imaging, 106
signicance and debate, 105, 106
tumor unifocality and multifocality, 103–105
Indigo® Optima diode laser, 298
Inammation, 120
Inammatory activity, modication, 119, 120
Informed consent, 48
Informed Consent Document (ICD), 48
Institutional analysis, 158
Institutional workow, 155–157, 162, 163
Intelligent Deformable Registration and Elastic
Registration versus Rigid Registration, 299,
300
International Consultation on Incontinence
Questionnaire-short form (ICIQ-SF), 444
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), 339, 444
International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 308, 339,
444
International Society of Urological Pathology, 260
Interstitial microwave thermal therapy
(IMT), 463, 464
Intraprostatic PSMA ligand uptake, 183, 184
Intraprostatic tumor heterogeneity, 108
IRB-approved research protocol, 48
IR820 photosensitizer, 120
Index
497
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), 17, 36, 37, 52, 66, 82,
119, 276, 286, 293, 297, 442, 463
mpMRI, 425
partial gland ablation
clinical trials, 348, 349
energy principles, 345–347
treatment, 347, 348
iTIND, 294
K
Kegel exercises, 13
Kidney cancer, 25
ablation, principles of
cryoablation, 28, 29
outcomes, tumor size, 38, 39
radiofrequency ablation, 30–32
approach, 27, 28
complications, 39, 40
cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation, 39
incidence of, 25
irreversible electroporation, 36, 37
local recurrence-free survival, 38
metastasis recurrence-free, and cancer-specic
survival, 38
microwave ablation, 36
oncological outcomes, 37, 38
overall survival, 38
radiation therapy, 37
renal mass biopsy, 26, 27
role, indications and contraindications, 26
L
LacdiNAc-glycosylated-prostate specic antigen
(LDH-PSA), 82
Laparoscopic appendectomy, 296
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 295
Laser ablation, 119, 293
Laser excited Gold nanoshell-localized photothermal
ablation, 297
Laser interstitial thermotherapy, 276
Laterality, cancer, 99, 100
LDH-PSA density (LDH-PSAD), 82
Lesion of interest (LOI), 364
Levitra, 13
Likert scales, 138
Likert score, 138, 139
Linear support vector machine (SVM), 175
Liquid biopsy, 115
Lithotomy, 307
Localized prostate cancer, 4
Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), 38
Low-dose rate interventional radiotherapy (LDR IRT), 321
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), 198, 266
Lumea BxChipTM Matrix, 259
Lumea Company, 259
M
Macrophages, phenotypes, 118
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 27, 64, 123, 135
determinants of, 124, 125
genetic markers of, 125
genomic biomarkers, 125
genomic heterogeneity, 126
histopathological differences, 126
invisible lesions, 230
lesion, 101
MRI-based targeted biopsy approach, 193
MRI-compatible thermosensors, 298
MRI-dened lesion locations, 198
MRI-directed prostate sampling, 163
MRI-informed prostate biopsies, 58
MRI-invisible lesions, 128
MRI-targeted biopsies, 139
outcomes associated with MRI-visible and invisible
tumors, 126, 127
after active surveillance, 127
after radical prostatectomy, 127, 128
partial gland ablation, 128
targeted biopsy outcomes, 127
Magnetic resonance imaging-based targeted biopsy
techniques, 190
Major fusion biopsy platforms, 199
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I
glycoproteins, 118
Mapping and navigation, 198
Mechanical cellular destruction, 118
Mechanical Position Encoders, 201–204
Medical fusion device, 299
Medicare, 480
Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS), 482
Metastasis-free survival (MFS), 38
Microscopic extracapsular extension (ECE), 181
Micro-ultrasound, 174
Microwave ablation (MWA), 36, 119, 443
Mindset, 8
Minimal invasive surgical techniques (MIST), 6, 294
Modern prostate cryotherapy, 328
Molecular assays, 115
Molecular imaging techniques, 242, 265
Molecular PET imaging techniques, 181
Mortality-to-incidence ratios, 80
mpMRI protocol, see Multiparametric magnetic
resonance imaging (mpMRI)
MR fusion target therapy, 294, 303
cryoablation, 306, 307, 310
procedure, 304
MRI-based targeted biopsy approach, 193
MR/TRUS fusion cryoablation, 294, 305, 308
MRI PIRADS scores, 304, 309
MRI/TRUS fusion-based targeting strategies, 190, 204
MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy, 193, 194, 293
registration process, 196, 197
workow, 195, 196
498
Index
MRI/TRUS Procur system, 293
MRI/TRUS software-based fusion-guided biopsy, 190
MRI/TRUS-target biopsy, 293
MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided prostate cryotherapy
(FIPC), 297, 304
MRI-ultrasound software-fusion targeted biopsy, 163
MRI-US fusion biopsies, 213
MR prostate segmentation, 158, 159
MR-US Registration/Fusion, 160, 161
MR-visible lesions, 180
Multifocality, 103–105, 114
Multifocal prostate cancer, 103
Multimodal opioid-sparing analgesia, 301
Multiparametric imaging
backscattered signal, 169
biochemical recurrence, 180
biological aggressiveness, 180
histological progression and active surveillance
discontinuation, 180
prognostic for oncologic outcomes, 180
prostate cancer, 123, 124, 169
targeted biopsy of MR-visible lesions, 180
tissue density and speed of sound, 169
Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI),
6, 7, 105, 123
anatomic location of lesions, 181
biomarker, mpMRI, and TPMB, 223
clinical outcome data, 222
csPCa lesions, 219, 220
focal therapy, 427
grading system with serum PSA, 181
histologic tumor volumes, 180
histopathology
data, 222
and MRI ndings of multifocal lesions, 225, 227
imaging performance, 169
locally advanced disease, 181
MRTB, 220
NPV, 220, 232
PCa biomarkers, 221
PCA3 mRNA, 220
PI-FAB, 427
PIRADS score, 220
posttreatment MRI ndings
FLA, 423–425
focal cryotherapy, 425, 426
HIFU, 421, 423
IRE, 425
PDT, 426, 427
T2WI, DWI and DCE features, 421, 422
predictive capabilities, 181
of prostate gland, 175, 179, 419, 420
protocol, 136, 221
PSMA, 427
radical prostatectomy pathology, 181
renement, 419
role of, 419
TRUS biopsies, 180, 225
tumor volume assessment, 181
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), 118
N
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project
(NSABP-B06), 16
Natural inammatory reactions, 119
NCT02381990 registration trial, 309
Needle Guidance System (NGS), 376, 378
Needle sampling, 256
Nerve-sparing (unilateral or bilateral), 276
Noise-canceling headphones and relaxing music, 161
Non-sedative procedure, 300
O
Ofce-based approach for TT or FT, 294
Ofce-based eligibility based on energy source, 293, 297
Ofce-based outpatient focal therapy
“minimally invasive” surgical procedures, 292
management, 291
PI-RADS system, 292
under local anesthesia
patient movement, 296
precise focal distance, 296
protocol, 296, 300
recovery facility, 304
risk proles, 296
transrectal ultrasound probe, 300
Ofce-based procedures, 206
Ofce-based surgery, 296
Ofce-based targeted therapy, 310
Ofce-based TT procedures, 294, 295
Ofce MR fusion cryoablation, 303
Oncotype test, 125, 236
Oncotype DX, 112, 113
One-size-ts-all approach, 275
Optimal patient selection for focal treatment, 263
Oral mild sedation, 300
Organ-sparing, 293
Orion system, 298
Outermost zone, 29
Outpatient surgeries, 295
Overall survival, 38
P
Partial ablation versus radical therapy (PART), 73
Partial gland ablation (PGA), 118, 128, 293, 329
Partial gland cryoablation, 332
Partial nephrectomy (PN), 25, 39
Pasotuxizumab, 120
Patient-based outcomes
decisional regret, 435, 436
focal therapy, 436
Index
499
functional outcomes
bowel, 435
peri-operative complications, 434
sexual, 435
urinary, 435
oncological outcomes
biochemical recurrence, 434
cancer-specic survival and metastases, 432
local recurrence and re-treatment, 432–434
short, medium, and long-term, 431
surveillance, 432
recruitment, 436
Patient preferences, 88, 89
Patient reported outcomes (PROs), 59, 446
Patient selection, active surveillance and focal therapy, 82
Penile rehabilitation, 13
Pentagonal gold prisms (PGP), 120
Percutaneous renal cryoablation, surgical technique, 32
Performance-based payments, 482
Perioperative protocols in focal therapy, 302
Periprostatic nerve plexus, 327
Periurethral tumor, 285
Personality, 8
Personal preference, 7
PET-based targeted fusion biopsy
diagnostic pathway, 241
risk categories, 267
tumor biology, 241
PET-guided targeted prostate biopsy, 242–246
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), 17, 52, 73, 276, 293, 426,
427, 443
Physical activity, 120
PIRADS 2.1 system on MRI imaging, 308
PI-RADS3 lesions on mpMRI, 243
PI-RADS5 lesions on mpMRI, 247
PI-RADS scale, 124
PI-RADS scores, 125, 138, 139
PIRADS v2, 137, 484
PIRADS v2.1, 137, 138
PIVOT trial, 304
Pneumothorax, 40
Polyamine prostatic metabolism, 120
Positron emission tomography (PET)-guided targeted
biopsies, 181, 242
Post-ablation biopsies of region-of-interest (ROI), 285
Posterior Hockey-Stick Ablation (Posterior Three-
Fourth), 277
Post-procedure sepsis, 214
Post-procedure urinary retention, 214
Post-TPMB MRI, 225
Precision medicine, 288
PRECISION trial, 242
PRIMARY score, 183
PRIMARY trial, 243
ProFocal-Rx, 298
Project to Eliminate Lethal Prostate Cancer
(PELICAN), 107
Prolaris test, 113, 125, 267
Promaxo MRI system, 192
PROMIS trial, 265
Prompt Prostate Genetic Score (PSG), 235
proPSMA trial, 248
PROSPET-BX trial, 248
Prostate biopsies, 198, 199
accessibility and cost, 214
learning curve, 215
Prostate cancer, 3, 47, 103, 118
active surveillance, in East and Southeast Asia, 80, 81
biomarkers, 221, 234
biopsy, 7
cancer treatment needs, 6
diagnosis and treatment, 111
dual nature of, 107, 108
focal therapy, 5, 6, 16–19, 51, 52
ablative technology, types of, 8, 9
after treatment, 12
during treatment process, 9, 11
in East and Southeast Asia, 81, 82
functional outcomes, 12, 13
minimally invasive treatment, 6
outcomes and post-treatment surveillance, 13, 14
for salvage treatment, 6
imaging, 7
incidence and mortality, 80
index lesion theory, 19, 20
metastatic progression of, 18
mindset and personality, 8
multiparametric imaging of, 123, 124
patient want, 49
personal preference, 7
recurrence, 72
screening and detection, 80
spatial distribution of, 99
treatment options for
active surveillance, 4
traditional radical therapies, 4, 5
untreated clinically signicant cancer, 20
Prostate Cancer Radiologic Estimation of Change in
Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE), 139
Prostate Cancer Research Active Surveillance (PRIAS)
protocol, 64
The Prostate Cancer Research International Active
Surveillance (PRIAS) project, 64
Prostate core samples, 257
Prostate cryoablation, 297
Prostate focal therapy
ablative energy, 276
energy source and location on treatment outcomes, 276
prostate tumors in-situ, 275
sub-total prostate ablation, 275
Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) score,
145, 427
Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR), 142
Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score, 141, 142
500
Index
Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS)
score, 90, 124, 242
PRostate Imaging using Mri +/− contrast Enhancement
(PRIME) trial, 124
Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO)
screening trial, 17
Prostate magnetic resonance imaging
in active surveillance, 139, 140
after focal therapy, 145, 146
diagnosis, 136, 137
early consensus meetings, 136
MRI-targeted biopsies, 139
PIRADS v2, 137
PIRADS v2.1, 137, 138
PIRADS vs Likert Score, 138, 139
reporting cancer recurrence, 142–144
reporting extraprostatic extension and metastasis,
140, 141
standards for image quality, 141, 142
Prostate multiparametric MRIs, 89, 90, 293
Prostate volume, 97
Prostatectomies, 294
Prostate-mapping model, 244
ProstateNext, 235
Prostate-specic antigen (PSA), 136, 489, 491
cutoff, 235
density, 450, 451
doubling time, 265
follow-up, 449
in-eld and out-of-eld recurrences, 450
monitoring, 339
nadir, 450
percentage of reduction, 450
prole, 232
velocity and doubling time, 451
Prostate-specic membrane antigen (PSMA), 74, 120,
181, 242, 243, 427
Prostatic artery embolization (PAE), 443
Prostatic embolization, 294
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 120
ProtecT, 57
Proteins, 118
Proteomics, 126
PSMA-based molecular imaging with enhanced
intraprostatic lesion, 183
PSMA-guided biopsy, 265
PSMA PET fusion-targeted prostate biopsy, 247
PSMA PET imaging, 182, 183
PSMA PET/MRI-guided biopsy, 212
PSMA PET-targeted biopsy, 212, 248
PSMA PET/TRUS fusion-guided prostate biopsy and
histopathological characteristics, 248
PSMA-targeted PET/MRI, 183
PSMA-targeting 68Ga-PSMA617 and the GRPR-
targeting 68Ga-RM26, 246
Q
Quadrant ablation, 278, 279, 329
Quality control, 155
Quality improvement program
multiparametric (mpMRI)-directed fusion biopsy
apical lesion, 161
biopsy cores, 161
diagnostic pathway, 157
learning curve, 163
lesion size, and distance, 158
optimal number of targeted biopsy cores, 163
precise navigation, 161
pretest probability, 164
regional sampling, 163
side-ring conguration for apical lesions, 161
systematic biopsy, 163
Quality management, 155
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques, 172
R
Radiation-based FT (focal brachytherapy and stereotactic
body radiotherapy), 293
Radiation therapy (RT), 4, 37, 63, 104
Radical mastectomy (RM), 15
Radical nephrectomy (RN), 39
Radical prostatectomy (RP), 14, 63, 89, 104, 256, 327
MRI, outcomes after, 127, 128
specimens, 213
Radical treatment
focal therapy and, 57, 58
observation/surveillance protocols, 310
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 25, 33–35, 276, 464
cryoablation versus, 39
equipment, variation in, 30, 31
intraoperative monitoring, 31, 32
mechanism of action, 30
recommended imaging follow-up protocol, 35, 36
surgical technique of, 32
treatment temperature, 31
Radiotherapy techniques, 318
Random biopsy, 90
Randomized control trials, 216
Real-time virtual sonography (RVS), 201
Reasonable assurance, 479
Rectal preparation, 301
Reected microbubble signal, 173
Regret rates, 89
Regulatory frameworks and reimbursement rules,
analysis, 296
Reimbursement models
clinical trials, 481
controlling spending and utilization,
482, 483
healthcare cost perspective, 481
Medicare, 480, 481
quality assessment, 483
self-pay models, 481
services, 481, 482
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 25
Renal mass biopsy (RMB), 26, 27
Reverse fusion, 161, 162
Reversible electroporation, 346
Rezum, 294, 375
Risk stratication, 56, 90
Index
501
Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), 292
Robotic fusion platforms, 197
Robotic surgery, 92
Robotic surgery after focal therapy (RAFT), 471
RSA Inc Image Fusion application, 293
S
Safety endpoint, 359
Satisfaction rates, 88
Screening-detected prostate cancers, 79
SelectMDx, 235
Seminal vesical invasion (SVI) on radical prostatectomy
pathology, 181
Serum prostate-specic antigen (PSA) elevation or
abnormalities in digital rectal examination,
189
Sexual function-related risks, 310
Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), 444
Shared decision-making procedure, 82, 83, 88, 89, 235,
236
Shear wave elastography, 171, 172
Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), 445, 446
Small renal masses (SRM), 25
Socralite Echolaser X4 system, 298
Software-Based Image Coregistration, 193
Software-based MRI/TRUS fusion-targeted
biopsy, 205
Software-based platforms, 205
Software fusion technology, 190
SPCG-4 trial, 57, 59
SR’obot Mona Lisa, 203
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), 37
Strain elastography, 170, 171
Supercial bruising, 12
Superstiff wire, 364
Suprapubic catheter, 12
Surgery (partial prostatectomy), 287
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), 364
Synchronous ipsilateral neoplasms, 103
T
Targeted ablation, 365
Targeted biopsy population, 214
Targeted focal therapy, 278
Targeted microwave ablation (TMA), 82
Target therapy (TT), 294, 310
TATO3 device, 298
Thermal ablation (TA), 25
Thermocouples, 330
Third molar extraction surgery, 296
3D Conformal Radiation Therapy, 293
Three-dimensional template mapping biopsy (3D-
TMB)., 6
Three-dimensional transperineal mapping biopsy
(3D-TMB), 7
Thyroidectomy, primary total or partial, 295
Tissue-based biomarkers, 111, 112, 114
Tissue scattering properties, 176
TME-activated nanoprobes, 120
TP fusion biopsy, 295
TPMB protocol, 222
TP MRI-US fusion biopsies, 214
Traditional radical therapies, 4, 5
TRANBERG® Transperineal MR/US Fusion Laser-
Induced Thermal Therapy for Men With
Prostate Cancer (TPF-LITT), 298
Transitional Coverage of Emerging Technologies
(TCET) program, 486
Transperineal (TP) approach, 198, 212, 306, 307, 330
Transperineal mapping biopsy, 237
Transperineal targeted microwave ablation (TMA), 298
Transperineal versus transrectal image-targeted prostate
biopsy, 211–213, 215
Transperitoneal laser ablation, 294
Transrectal (TR) approach, 198, 211, 255
focused on biopsy procedures, 299
and transperineal congurations, 176
Transrectal laser focal therapy (LFT)
advantage, 406
cause of, 405
clinical outcome, 412, 413
complications, 413, 414
contraindications, 406
controversies, 414, 415
imaging modality, 405
indications, 406
periprocedure and follow-up care, 411, 412
pre-procedure workup, 407
surveillance, 405
technique, 408, 410, 411
Transrectal ultrasonography-guided
(TRUS), 135, 327
biopsy, 106, 157, 189, 223, 230, 327
guidance, 299
prostate biopsy, 179
systematic biopsy, 192
vs. transperineal (TP) biopsy, 164, 198
Transurethral ultrasound ablation (TULSA), 286
biopsy-imaging concordance, 364
clinical trial, 357–359
closed-loop control system, 355
complications, 368–370
development, 357
exclusions criteria, 361
follow-up, 371
global experience, 359
high intensity focused ultrasound, 355, 356
intraoperative considerations, 364, 365
patient selection, 360
preoperative imaging planning, 361–363
primary outcome, 360
primary treatment, 365–367
procedure and work-ow, 356, 357
safety endpoint, 359
salvage setting, 367, 368
secondary outcome, 360
targeted ablation, hemi-ablation/whole-gland
ablation, 365
TULSA-PRO, 276
urethral applicator, 355, 356
502
Index
Transurethral water vapor ablation
BPH approval, 379, 380
convection, 373
device and energy delivery system, 375–379
extraprostatic vapor effects, 382
follow-up biopsies, 386
index procedure, 384
intraprostatic vapor effects, 382, 383
preclinical and invivo data, 381, 382
procedure-related adverse events, 382, 383
prostate surgical capsule, 384
relative energy of water, 374
safety and efcacy data, 382
subject-reported quality of life outcomes, 382, 384
technical report, 375
temperature and tissue effects, 374
thermal diffusion distance, 375
unencumbered space, 375
Triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC), 379
Tumor cells, 117
Tumor growth factor-β (TGFβ), 118
Tumor location, 266
Tumor microenvironment (TME), 117–119
androgen manipulation, 119
approaches and ongoing research, 120, 121
inammatory activity, modication of, 119, 120
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), 119
Tumor oxygen demands, 118
Tumor unifocality, 103–105
Tumor volume, 158
U
Ultra-MIST approach, 294
Ultrasound color Doppler imaging, 173, 174
Ultrasound elastography, 169, 171, 172
The University College London Hospital (UCLH) AS
program, 65
Urethral applicator (UA), 355, 356
Urethral warming device, 330
Urinary catheter, 12
Urinary function
EPIC, 444
ICIQ-SF, 444
IPSS, 444
Urinary rhabdosphincter complex, 276
UroNav platform, 199
UroNav screen capture, 200
UroNav system, 199, 201
Urostation platform, 204
Urothelial damage, 40
U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 479
US Preventive Services Task Force, 55
US Segmentation, 159, 160
V
Value-based care payment (VBP) models
Affordable Care Act, 477
CMMI, 477
condition-based models, 478
pay-for-performance model, 478
policy considerations and recommendations, 485, 486
quality measurement, 483–485
regulatory policies and insurance coverage
commercial standards, 479, 480
FDA, 479
reimbursement models (see reimbursement models)
specialty care, 477, 478
value-based ecosystem, 478
VAPOR 2 trial, 298
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 118
Vascular injury mechanisms, 29
Vascular targeted photodynamic (VTP), 297
Vascular-targeted phototherapy (VTP), 73
Vessel occlusion due to thrombosis, 298
Viagra, 13
Virtual Navigator, 201
Visual targeted biopsy, 190
Visualase diode laser system, 298
W
Water vapor ablation using Vanquish device, 298
Whole-gland ablative techniques, 365
Whole-gland irradiation (RT), 327
Whole-gland prostate cancer treatment, 7
Wong-Baker pain faces scale, 307
Y
Young’s modulus of prostate cancer, 172
Z
Zonal ablation, 278