Английский язык. Сборник текстов и упражнений-1

31

UNIT 7

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

cell – ячейка, клетка extension – расширение footnote – сноска, примечание formula – формула

graphic package – графический пакет margin – край, граница, поле

online dictionary – онлайн словарь option – опция, функция

pie chart – круговая диаграмма software – программное обеспечение software package – программный пакет

spelling checker – программа проверки орфографии spreadsheet – электронная таблица

to center (headings) – центрировать to create – создавать

to delete – удалять

to edit – редактировать to insert – вставлять

to justify – выравнивать to number – нумеровать to remove – передвигать

to underline – подчеркивать tool – инструмент

word package – текстовый пакет

II. Study the following text:

Application software

Productivity tools are software packages that can increase user productivity. Common examples of productivity tools are word processors, graphic packages, spreadsheets, and file managers. These tools can be used for a wide variety of tasks. Software packages that allow the user to manipulate documents consisting of text, such as reports and tables, are referred to as word processors. They are very helpful when creating and editing reports, tables, and so on. No longer are typing mistakes and organizational problems a major difficulty. Portions of the text can be easily deleted, inserted, or removed. Other features often include in word processors

32

are the ability to justify the left and right margins and centre headings. Footnotes can be inserted at the bottom of pages and pages can be numbered automatically. Most word processors allow the user to specify options such as italic, underlining, or boldface type. Often word processors include extensions such as spelling checkers, which compare each word in a specified document with the contents of an online dictionary.

Graphic packages allow the user to create bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, and so forth. Normally, the user need only specify the type of graph desired and the size of each field within the graph. When using colour monitors, the user can determine the colours of various parts the graph. An electronic spreadsheet is simply computerized version of a traditional spreadsheet. An electronic spreadsheet consists of a table with rows and columns used to store and manipulate any kind of numerical data. The point in a spreadsheet where a particular row and column meet is called a cell. Each cell is a unique location within the spreadsheet. Cells can contain tables, values, and formulas. File managers are designed to duplicate the traditional manual methods of filing. Computers and computerized files can be updated easily also can be accessed by more than one person at a time.

III. Translate into Russian:

A wide variety of tasks; to manipulate documents consisting of text; no longer are typing mistakes and organizational problems a major difficulty; most word processors allow the user to specify options such as; which compare each word in a specified document with the contents of an online dictionary; normally, the user need only specify the type of graph desired; when using colour monitors; to store and manipulate any kind of numerical data; the traditional manual methods of filing; computerized version; can be accessed by more than one person at a time.

IV. Put questions of 4 types (general, special, alternative, disjunctive) to the following sentences:

1.These tools can be used for a wide variety of tasks.

2.Portions of the text can be easily deleted, inserted, or removed.

3.Footnotes can be inserted at the bottom of pages. Computerized files can be.

4.Pages can be numbered automatically.

5.These computerized files can be updated easily.

6.These computerized files can also be accessed by more than one person at a time.

33

V. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

Повышать производительность работы пользователя; наиболее распространенные примеры; они очень удобны при; выравнивать левую и правую границы; страницы могут быть пронумерованы автоматически; размер каждого поля графика; пользователь может определять цвета различных частей графика; таблицы с рядами и строками.

VI. Define the terms in English:

Word processor, left margin, to number pages, spelling checker.

VII. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. Productivity tools are hardware packages that can decrease user productivity.

2.Footnotes can be inserted in the middle or at the top of the page.

3.You have to number pages by hand in word processors.

4.As a rule, the user need only specify the type of graph desired, which may be either bar graph or pie chart, and the size of each field within the graph.

5.The point in a spreadsheet where a particular row and column meet is called a box.

6.File managers are designed to substitute the traditional manual methods of filing.

VIII. Answer the following questions:

1.What are productivity tools? What are common examples of these tools?

2.Where and how can you apply these productivity tools?

3.What are word processors? What options do they allow to specify? 4. What graphs can you create using graphic packages?

5.What is an electronic spreadsheet? What does it consist of?

6.What tools make possible to store records, to file and update information?

IX. Speak on the function of each type of productivity tools.

34

UNIT 8

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

amount – количество button – кнопка cable – кабель capacity – емкость cursor – курсор flexible – гибкий

handheld – ручной, поративный hardcopy – бумажный документ

input hardware – входное аппаратное обеспечение keyboard – клавиатура

light pen – сенсорное перо microprocessor – микропроцессор modem – модем

modifiable – поддающийся изменению mouse – мышь

output hardware – аппаратные средства вывода pad – коврик

printer – принтер push – нажимать

rigid – жесткий, негнущийся scanner – сканер

screen – экран

sensitive – чувствительный

softcopy – программная копия, электронный документ storage hardware – аппаратные средства хранения suitable – пригодный

temporarily – временно

to affect – оказывать воздействие to collect – собирать

to connect – соединяться

to convert - преобразовывать to coordinate – координировать to direct – направлять

to execute – выполнять

to interpret – интерпретировать, переводить to provide – обеспечивать

to reach – достигать

35

to retrieve – отыскать

to roll – вертеться, прокручивать transmission – передача

user – пользователь volatile – непостоянный

II. Study the following text:

Hardware

What is hardware? Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware — the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.

Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:

1)input hardware

2)processing hardware

3)storage hardware

4)output hardware

The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu selection or a command to the computer.

The light pen uses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner that is used to input graphics as well as typeset characters. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer. Electronic cameras are becoming very popular among the consumers for their relatively low price and convenience.

The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and main memory.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well-designed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

36

Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;

ROM` (read only memory) is nonvolatile, nonmodifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you

саn perform.

The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware serves the same basic functions as do office filing systems except that it stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.

Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.

Floppy disk (diskette) — thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs. There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25" and 3.5". 5.25" is not used in modern computer systems because of it relatively large size, flexibility and small capacity. 3.5" disks are formatted 1.4 megabytes and are widely used.

CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read-only data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays.

The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.

Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc.

Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.

Modem is an example of communication hardware — an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.

38

6. What is a light pen?

7.What is processing hardware?

8.What are the basic types of memory used in a PC?

9.Can a PC-user change the ROM?

10.Who records the information in ROM?

11.What is storage hardware?

12.What is CD-ROM used for?

13.Can a user record his or her data on a CD?

14.What kind of storage hardware can contain more information: CD-ROM, RAM or ROM?

15.What is modem used for?

16.Can PC-user communicate with other people without a modem?

VI. Match the following words with the given definition:

39

VII. Which input device would you use for these tasks?

1.to play computer games

2.to copy images from paper into computer

3.to read price labels in a shop

4.to select test and click on links on web pages

5.to enter drawings and sketches into a computer

6.to input voice commands and dictate test

7.to draw pictures on select menu options directly on the screen

8.to take and store pictures and then download them to a computer

VIII. Complete each sentence by choosing from the following devices:

1.A _______ is a stationary device that works like a mouse turned upside down. You roll the ball with your hand to move the pointer on the screen.

2.Interactive ________ are used in museums, information centres and internet kiosks. You use your finger to point directly to objects on the screen.

3.A ______ is used to send live video images via the internet.

4.A ______ is found on notebook PCs. You use it by pressing the sensitive pad.

IX. Identify the keys described below:

1.It produces upper-case letters, but it does not affect numbers and symbols.

2.it removes the character to the left of the cursor or any selected text.

3.It works in combination with other keys , e.g. you press this key and copy the selected text.

4.It is used to confirm commands; in a word processor, it creates a new paragraph.

X.Decide if these sentences are True or false. If they are false, correct them.

1.The details detected by a scanner are not determined by its resolution.

2.A barcode scanner is a computer peripheral for reading barcode labels printed on products.

3.Scanners cannot handle optical character recognition.

4.A digital camera uses a light sensitive film istead of a memory card for storing the images.

40

5.A digital video, DVD camera is used to take still photographs.

6.Video editing software allows you to manipulate video clips on the computer.

UNIT 9

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

arrange – приводить в порядок, расставлять attach – прикреплять

bit-code – двоичный код buffer – буфер

cathode-ray tube (CRT) – электронно-лучевая трубка circuitry – график, диаграмма, схема

circular – круглый, округлый communicate with – общаться с convert – преобразовывать decimal – десятичный

demodulator – демодулятор (устройство, выделяющее полезный сигнал из модулированной несущей волны)

detachable – съемный, разъемный

detect – замечать, открывать, обнаруживать display – показ, демонстрация

enclose – окружать, огораживать enter – вводить, вносить

include – включать в себя

interface – интерфейс (программа или часть программы, взаимодействующая с пользователем)

matrix – матрица

modulator – модулятор (устройство, накладывающее передаваемый сигнал на несущую частоту)

oxide – окись

peripheral equipment – внешнее, периферийное оборудование random access – случайный доступ

reliability – надежность sealed – запечатанный

serial access – последовательный доступ transmit – передавать

visual display units (VDU) – монитор