Английский язык. Сборник контрольных работ для студентов II курса направления подготовки 270800.62 «Строительство» (заочной формы обучения)

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Сборник контрольных работ для студентов II курса направления подготовки 270800.62 «Строительство» (заочной формы обучения)

Йошкар-Ола ПГТУ

2015

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УДК 811.111

ББК 81.2 Англ.

А 64

Рецензент

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков ПГТУ Т. В. Ахметзянова

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета ПГТУ

Английский язык: cборник контрольных работ для студентов

А64 II курса направления подготовки 270800.62 «Строительство» (заочной формы обучения) / сост. Н. Н. Щеглова. – Йошкар-Ола: Поволжский государственный технологический университет, 2015. –

20 с.

Цель сборника – научить студентов строительных специальностей систематизировать полученные в ходе практической работы на занятиях знания лексического материала и умения переводить профессионально ориентированные тексты, а также подготовить их к сдаче итогового экзамена.

Для студентов II курса заочной формы обучения направления подготовки 270800.62 «Строительство»

УДК 811.111

ББК 81.2 Англ.

© Поволжский государственный технологический университет, 2015

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящая контрольная работа предназначена для студентов 2 курса заочного отделения, обучающихся по направлениям «Промышленное

игражданское строительство», «Проектирование зданий», «Экспертиза

иуправление недвижимостью», «Автомобильные дороги и аэродромы». Контрольная работа также поможет быть рекомендована студентам очной формы обучения в качестве практикума для чтения и перевода упражнений и текстов по профессионально ориентированной лексике. Особое внимание уделяется расширению словарного запаса студентов по своей специальности.

Работа построена на базе вузовского стандарта курса иностранного языка для профессионально ориентированного этапа обучения.

Цель представленной контрольной работы – помочь студентам строительных специальностей систематизировать полученные ранее знания лексического материала и умения переводить профессионально ориентированные тексты, а также подготовить студентов к сдаче итогового экзамена.

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ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Подберите пары слов, имеющих сходное значение

II. Соотнесите глагол из левой колонки с соответствующим продолжением в правой

III. Перепишите предложения, сделав перевод слова или словосочетания из скобок

1.The systematic use of (арки) started with the Ancient Romans.

2.Because many (соборы) took centuries to build and decorate, they constitute a major artistic investment for the city in which they stand.

3.Look up and you will see our building, a tall building with a (остроконечная крыша).

4.The widespread use of (бетон) in many Roman structures has ensured that many survive to the present day.

5.The museum created electronic reconstructions of ruined masterpieces of (древняя архитектура).

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IV. Перепишите предложения, заменив выделенные слова данными ниже

1.All buildings in the area were designed to make possible for architects to perform easy and rapid reconfiguration of interior spaces in accordance with the user's concrete requirements.

2.There is a business reason to renovate old buildings.

3.The designers decided to put partly that plan into effect.

4.The money will be spent under the committee's guidance.

5.Architecture career is connected with imagination and flexibility of the mind.

6.Landscape architect jobs concern the style of land upon which our homes and companies are placed.

7.Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of practice.

8.The construction teams have begun excavating the construction area in order to connect underground services.

9.They have chosen to dwell in a flat-roofed house.

10.His sketch of the structure was very good.

V. Переведите предложения

1.Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects' approach to building design are rationalism and structuralism.

2.They have been working out a new production plan for two weeks.

3.Cities will grow, but the growth must be controlled.

4.The design required the creative manipulation and coordination of material, technology and light.

5.They were conducting an experiment on the construction site from 9 till 12 yesterday.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение данных слов и словосочетаний

a)spring v – брать начало, происходить, возникать

b)spring v – пружинить

c)spring n – пружина, рессора

d)spring n – источник, ключ, родник

e)spring n – весна

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1.The spring was too cold for swimming.

2.What an awful armchair! It needs a new spring.

3.In some instances the volutes spring vertically from the shaft.

4.The box can spring open when I touch the button.

5.Some houses in Ancient Greece had running water delivered from a high spring through aqueducts and clay pipes.

6.I can't believe that men spring from apes.

VII. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Passive. Переведите предложения.

1.The top three floors of student hostel ____ (decorate) now.

2.The first buildings ____ (construct) by hand or with simple tools.

3.The windows and doors ____ (install) before the plaster was applied to the wall.

4.The components ____ (make) by the time the construction begins.

VIII. Переведите текст

SOME TRENDS IN THE HISTORY OF BUILDING

Human shelters were at first very simple and perhaps lasted only a few days or months. Over time, however, even temporary structures evolved into such highly refined forms as the igloo. Gradually more durable structures began to appear, particularly after the advent of agriculture, when people began to stay in one place for long periods. The first shelters were dwellings, but later other functions, such as food storage and ceremony, were housed in separate buildings. Some structures began to have symbolic as well as functional value, marking the beginning of the distinction between architecture and building.

The history of building is marked by a number of trends. One is the increasing durability of the materials used. Early building materials were perishable, such as leaves, and branches. Later, more durable natural materials – such as clay, stone, and timber – and, finally, synthetic materials

– such as brick, concrete, metals, and plastics — were used. Another is a quest for buildings of ever greater height and span; this was made possible by the development of stronger materials and by knowledge of how materials behave and how to exploit them to greater advantage. A third major trend involves the degree of control exercised over the interior environment of buildings: increasingly precise regulation of air temperature, light and sound levels, humidity, odours, air speed, and other factors that affect human comfort has been possible. Yet another trend is the change in energy

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available to the construction process, starting with human muscle power and developing toward the powerful machinery used today.

IX. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1.When did more durable structures appear? a) when people began to live in towns;

b) when people began to stay in one place for long periods; c) when people invented steel framing.

2.What did separate buildings serve for?

a)living and cooking;

b)building new houses;

c)ceremony and food storage.

3. Were early dwellings durable?

a)Yes, they were. They were made from stone and bricks.

b)Yes, they were. They were made from leaves and branches.

c)No, they were not. First building materials were perishable.

4.Did synthetic materials appear earlier than natural materials? a) Synthetic materials appeared later than natural materials.

b) Natural materials appeared later than synthetic materials. c) Natural and synthetic materials appeared simultaneously.

5.How many trends are mentioned in the text?

a)two main trends;

b)three main trends;

c)four main trends.

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Подберите пары слов, имеющих противоположное значение

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II. Соотнесите слово или словосочетание из левой колонки с соответствующим продолжением в правой

III. Перепишите предложения, сделав перевод слова или словосочетания из скобок

1.Steel (строительные конструкции) often undergo modifications to accommodate new uses.

2.With the panels made of (сборный железобетон), buildings up to 5 floors can be constructed without columns or beams.

3.The building knowledge in (народная архитектура) is often transported by local traditions.

4.Of the three (колонны) found in Greece, Doric ones are the simplest.

5.(Храмы) have been built throughout the ages and many new ones open their doors every year.

IV. Перепишите предложения, заменив выделенные слова данными ниже

1. The use of stone had its limits; it was difficult to construct high spans and reach sufficient heights for the construction of vaults and cupolas.

2. The central part of the cathedral was in the form of a Greek cross.

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3. Gothic architecture began in the middle of the 12th century with the intention of making churches look like heaven: soaring, colourful, and bright.

4.The architects decided to keep the best of Byzantine culture and architecture.

5.A Byzantine column is a common architectural feature in large buildings, such as basilicas.

6.These examples show the progress of.the Gothic tracery development.

7.They could furnish the inside with corbels with vegetable and animal portraits while the floors were made up of colourful tiles.

8.The architects recognized the need to renew religious architecture.

9.The technique was to cut semi-circular figures out of flat stone.

10.This cathedral is regarded as a masterwork of medieval Gothic architecture.

V. Переведите предложения

1.City houses are becoming much more comfortable now.

2.Greek architects used the same simple structures, as the Egyptians did, but had learned to design them with perfect refinement.

3.The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other man-made structures are suitability, adaptability and permanence.

4.Indian architecture has absorbed many outside influences.

5.He has known the chief architect for three years.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение данных слов и словосочетаний

a)rank n — ряд; категория, разряд, класс

b)rank v — классифицировать; давать оценку

c)rank v — относиться к какой-л. категории;

d)rank adj — буйный, пышный

e)rank adj — явный, сущий

1.The area was covered with rank greenery.

2.He is a rank beginner at the job of a designer.

3.The bridges and aqueducts of the Romans rank among their greatest monuments.

4.They rank this architect among the world's top ten.

5.The Corinthian was raiised to the rank of an order by the 1st century B.C.

6.His novels rank as one of the most successful books of the last twenty years.

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VII. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в форме Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Passive. Переведите предложения

1.In the near future, the present structure of Architecture studies ___

(modify) by the implementation of Bologna Process.

2.For industry and office applications new frame system ___ (develop) recently.

3.The hotel ______ (build) on the edge of the lake at that time last year.

4.Ancient Greek architecture ___ best (know) from its temples, many of which ___ (find) throughout the region.

VIII. Переведите текст

NANOTECHNOLOGY’S FOR REAL IN THE BUILDING

INDUSTRY

Nanotechnology is sometimes seen as all hype, with little real-world application. But nanomaterials are already all around us. Take the buildings that we live and work in, for instance. You will find nanotechnology used to create stronger steel, self-cleaning glass, solar-collecting fabrics, and even smog-eating concrete. And not only are these nanomaterials present in our buildings, they are making them better places to live and work.

Self-cleaning glass has a nanoparticle coating dirt can't stick to, eliminating the need for expensive and dangerous manual window washing on tall buildings. Solar-collecting fabric is the first of a new wave of building components that convert solar radiation into electricity. That means no more applying unattractive solar panels to the roof, but instead integrating energy production into building facades. Nanocomposite steel is more corrosion resistant than conventional steel, and can reduce installation costs by up to 50%. And the quantity required to make a building may be up to 40% less than conventional steel. Smog-eating concrete is produced by applying a nanolayer of titanium dioxide to concrete, which triggers a catalytic reaction that destroys many pollutants in contact with the surface. At the very least, these materials reduce building maintenance costs, leaving more money for other improvements, and they can help clean up the environment. They can reduce energy costs as well. And for every nanomaterial available today, there are approximately seventy more in research and development, meaning that building construction and architecture are in for some big changes thanks to small technology.

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