Английский язык. Сборник текстов и упражнений-1

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Computer technology changes fast, but a desktop PC (Personal Computer) usually has a tower, a separate monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. The CPU, modem, CD-ROM and floppy disk drives are usually inside the tower. A notebook is a portable computer with all these components inside one small unit. Notebooks have a screen, not a monitor, and are usually more expensive than desktops with similar specifications.

Using the mouse, you can do a number of things by clicking on different icons (moving the mouse to point at different pictures at the top of the screen).

What do people use computers for?

A word processor is a computer used to prepare documents or letters, or the software that is used for this purpose. Many people use their computers for word processing, e.g. writing letters and reports. A lot of business people use spreadsheets (a program used to enter and arrange numbers and financial information) and databases (programs which allow you to store, look at or change a large amount of information quickly and easily). Some people also use graphics (the pictures and symbols a computer program can produce).

More and more people are becoming computer-literate (have experience of working with computers and know how to use them) as many programs and machines are so user-friendly (easy to use). You can now connect your computer to computers all over the world using the Internet (a system that allows computers to connect using telephone lines). People send each other e- mail (electronic mail) messages using this system or network. If your computer is slow it may need more memory. It may crash (stop working) if there is not enough memory or if it has a bug (a software problem; also a virus). Make sure you make a back-up copy of your work (an extra copy on a floppy disk).

III. chose the correct translation:

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IV. Match the words with their meanings:

V. Match the words with their definitions:

VII. Make up three-word expressions:

IX. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:

measure, CPU, graphics, movies, run, processes, RAM

1)Most computers ___ the Microsoft Windows OS.

2)We ___ the size of the hard disk in gigabytes.

3)Watching ___ on the Internet needs a faster ___.

4)The CPU controls how fast the computer ___ data.

5)Programs with a lot of ___ need a large ___to run well

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X. Guess what it is:

1)a device that can read and write to writable disks

2)a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose

3)the part of the computer that reads and stores information on disks

4)a machine that is connected to a computer and that prints on paper

5)the set of buttons (keys) that you press to operate a computer

6)a separate part of a PC with a large screen that shows information from the computer

7)a small device that you move across a surface with your hand to control the movement of the cursor

8)the general term used for a computer, which usually consists of a monitor, a tower, a keyboard and a mouse

9)any piece of hardware (= machinery, etc. that forms part of or is connected to a computer) apart from the CPU and the working memory (RAM)

10)a metal box that contains the CPU, hard disk drive and power supply

for a PC

XI. Look at these words. Write H (hardware), P (peripheral), S (software) or M (measurement) next to each one:

CPU, MacOS, megabyte (MB), printer, RAM, megahertz (MHZ), mouse, modem, Linux, scanner, gigabyte (GB).

XII. Ask and answer the questions:

1)Do you have a computer at home? If so, what is it?

2)Do you use computers at university? If swo, hat type?

3)What do you use them for?

4)Would you say you‘re computer-literate?

5)Do you find most computers user-friendly?

6)What software programs are you familiar with?

7)Do you use e-mail?

8)Have you used CD-ROM? If so, what for?

9)Do you think ―The Internet‖ has an important influence on our daily lives? Do you think it‘s important in helping people from different countries to learn English?

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XIII. Work in pairs. Complete each sentence with one of the words in the list:

disk disk drive display hard disk keyboard menu monitor microprocessor modem mouse operating system printer RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory) software

1) A _____ is what you use to put information into the computer. 2) The

_____ is where you place the disks to start the program. 3) The _____ shows what you type and the computer‘s calculations. 4) The _____ is what you can actually see. 5) The ______ is a list of information that lets you choose what to do next. 6) The _____ is used for making hard copies of what you can see. 7) Information is stored outside the computer on ______ . 8) Many modern computers have a _____, with which you can move an arrow to point at different parts of the screen. 9) The _____ is the heart of the computer and controls everything it does. 10) _____ is another term for the programs you on a computer. 11) A _____ is a device which connects a computer to a telephone line. 12) As an alternative to putting information on a floppy disk you can use a _____ . 13) _____ are chips in the computer with permanent instructions and programs which you can‘t alter. 14) The _____ is a complex set of instructions which tells the computer how to carry out different tasks. 15) _____ is the facility the computer uses to store programming information temporarily. The bigger this is the more complicated the tasks the computer can carry out.

XIII. Write one reason for using a computer at home.

XIV. Write three examples of how computer can be used in the classsroom.

UNIT 3

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

a chief use – основная цель использования

a message of processing – средство обработки a purpose – намерение, цель

a solution – решение

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a storing of information – собрание информации a symptom – симптом

a treatment – лечение

an existing knowledge – существующие решения diagnostic – диагностический

existing – существование

the various diseases – различные болезни to discovery – открытие

to extend – продлевать, расширять to feed – подавать, нагнетать

to increase – увеличивать to introduce – вводить

to replace – ставить, заменять to train – обучать

to use – использовать

to utilize – использовать, перерабатывать within – в пределах

II. Study the following text:

The use of computers

Just as television has extended human sight across the barriers of time and distance, so the computers extend the power of the human mind across the existing barriers.

They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It‘s much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library.

In the last 10 years or so, most large businesses have become completely depended on computers for storing and looking an information, for writing and calculating financial and mathematical information.

Computers within a single office or building may be connected, and they there fore form a network. Users of computers on a network can send messages to each other utilizing the same collections of data or information. In many offices and organizations computer message have replaced messages written on paper, and they are now called e-mail or electronic mail.

E-mail is a great invention, too. It‘s faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram.

E-mail saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another. Workers can send and receive e-mail without leaving their desks and their desktop computers. But computers have some disadvantages. Computers can get viruses. Sometimes the wrong people can make use of the

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information available in the wrong way. Computers become out of date very quickly, they need to be replaced.

Information science with the ideas and message of processing and storing information is of great importance today. That‘s why computer technology must be told in secondary school. The new subject ―basic information science‖, and ―computing machine‖ was introduсed for the siner forms at schools. The pupils teach computers to resolve school problems. Contact with the machine increases the interest in learning, makes them more serious about studying new subject. School computers are used not only for studying information science, but also examinations purposes. Young people who finish the school must be trained to operate computers.

Computers are one of great importance in modern hospital. The chief use of computers is the storing and sorting the medical knowledge which has been enquired in the last 50 years. No doctor can possible keep up with all discoveries. The only solution of the problem is store medical knowledge in a computer. Today there are medical computer centers were all existing knowledge of symptoms of various diseases and of their treatment is stored. Doctors feed data on symptoms in the computer and get the necessary information on correct diagnostics and treatment.

III. Give the English equivalents for:

Расширять способности человеческого мозга, существующие барьеры, экономить время, делать ошибки, полностью зависит от компьютера, просматривать информацию, посылать сообщения, заменять сообщения, великое изобретение, не покидая своего места, посылать и получать электронную почту, использовать информацию неправильно, устаревать, нуждаться в замене, информационная наука, средство развития, компьютерная технология, стимулировать интерес к обучению, делать более серьезным обучение новым предметам, для изучения информатики, в современной больнице, накопление медицинских знаний, хранить открытия, решение проблемы, существующие знания о симптомах различных болезней, лечение болезней, подавать данные о симптомах в компьютер, получить необходимую информацию, правильная диагностика и лечение.

IV. Answer the questions:

1.What advantages of computer do you know?

2.Why have most large businesses become completely depended on computers?

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3.How do we use the e-mail?

4.What disadvantages of computers do you know?

5.Why is information science very important today?

6.Why do the pupils teach the computers at school?

7.What increases the interest of learning?

8.Where are school computers used?

9.What is the chief use of computers in modern hospital?

10.What is the only solution of the medical problem?

11.What are there in the medical computer centers today?

12.Why do doctors feed data on symptoms in the computer?

UNIT 4

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

a combustion – сгорание a concern – интерес

a conquest – покорение a courage – смелость

a gravity – серьезность

a mankind – человечество a miracle – чудо

a treat – развлечение a universe – вселенная an ancestor – предок rapid – быстрый splitting – сильная

to accelerate – ускорить to apply – обращаться to arouse – вызывать

to disclose – обнаруживать to improve – улучшать

to investigate – исследовать to overcome – преодолеть to reverse – переставлять

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II. Study the following text:

Scientific and Technological Progress

It's difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our cooperation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people.

Let's compare our life nowadays with the life of people at the 'beginning of the 20th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn't the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our every day life. I mean refrigerators, TV sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones, what not. They would seem miracle to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant. On the other hand, the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, I mean radio, aeroplanes, combustion and jet engines have become usual things and we can't imagine our life without them.

A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid. Millions of investigations, the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world. All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life.

But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a scientist.

But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

III. Give the English equivalents for:

Ускорять развитие цивилизации, исследовать законы вселенной, изменяться до неузнавания, казаться чудом, век завоевании космоса,

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впервые в истории человечества, выходить во вселенную, пробуждать большое количество проблем, причина интереса, иметь храбрость и терпение, обнаружить секреты.

IV. Answer the questions:

1.What accelerates the development of civilization and helps us in our cooperation with nature?

2.How did our life change from the beginning of the 20th century?

3.What names has our century?

4.What outstanding discoveries in our century do you know?

5.What problems has the rapid scientific progress?

UNIT 5

I. Learn the following words and expressions:

available – доступный bar – штрих

basic – основной cause – причина choice – выбор

clipboard – буфер обмена compatible – совместимый cursor – курсор

date – дата

dialog box – диалоговое окно interaction – взаимодействие interactive – интерактивный item – пункт, вопрос

list – список pointer – указатель pressure – давление

relation – отношение relative – относительный

resident – резидентный, постоянно находящийся scroll bar – линейка прокрутки

search – поиск step – шаг