Тесты по английскому языку. Заключительный этап подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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5 Test 20
ENGLISH AS A PROFESSION
Часть А
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
English is (A1) … Germanic language, though today it is easier to see how Latin rather than German has influenced English. Latin was the language of the church and scholars, although Greek has influenced scientific terms as well. The English language has also borrowed words (A2) … many other languages, but (A3) … one language that has influenced English the most was Norman French. After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the English language became very confused (A4) … terms of grammar as both languages were used at the same time with different words for the same subject or idea. In the late XVIII century scholars, poets and philosophers tried to create a ‘standard’ English based (A5) … (A6)…English spoken in London. Many of the unusual grammatical rules in English come from that time. Such examples are the rule about the possessive case, which is not used in many European languages, and the rule about not ending a sentence (A7) … a preposition. The last rule, however, is common (A8) … German which is the sister language of English.
A1. |
1) – ; |
2) a; |
3) an; |
4) the. |
А2. |
1) out of; |
2) of; |
3) from; |
4) by. |
А3. |
1) the; |
2) – ; |
3) a; |
4) an. |
А4. |
1) with; |
2) at; |
3) of; |
4) in. |
А5. |
1) from; |
2) on; |
3) onto; |
4) off. |
А6. |
1) – ; |
2) the; |
3) an; |
4) a. |
А7. |
1) in; |
2) upon; |
3) by; |
4) with. |
А8. |
1) with; |
2) of; |
3) in; |
4) into. |
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
The fact that English (A9) … in England for 1500 years but in Australia for only 200, explains why we have a lot of regional dialects in England but none in Australia. It is often possible to tell where an English person (A10) … from to within about 15 miles. In Australia, where there (A11) … enough time for changes to bring about much regional variation, it’s al-
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most impossible to guess a person’s origin, although very small differences (A12) … now to appear. It is unlikely, however, that there (A13) … as much dialectal variation in Australia as there is in England. This is because modern transport and communication conditions are different from what they (A14) … a long time ago. Thus it is very unlikely that English (A15) … ever into a number of separate languages in the same way that Indo-European and Germanic did. For example, German and Norwegian (A16) … different languages because ancient speakers of these two languages moved apart geographically and were no longer in touch with each other. This will not happen in modern world. Provided American and British people (A17) … to communicate with one another, their dialects (A18) … never … so far apart as to become different languages!
A9. 1) has spoken; |
2) was spoken; |
3) is speaking; |
4) has been spoken. |
А10. 1) is coming; |
2) comes; |
3) came; |
4) will come. |
А11. 1) hasn’t been; |
2) isn’t; |
3) wasn’t; |
4) isn’t being. |
А12. 1) have begun; |
2) begin; |
3) are beginning; |
4) began. |
А13. 1) would be; |
2) will be; |
3) will have been; |
4) is. |
А14. 1) were; |
2) had been; |
3) have been; |
4) were being. |
А15. 1) will be splitting; |
2) splits; |
3) will split; |
4) is splitting. |
А16. 1) have become; |
2) became; |
3) were becoming; |
4) had become. |
А17. 1) will want; |
2) are wanting; |
3) want; |
4) have wanted. |
А18. 1) will drift; |
2) will be drifting; |
3) drift; |
4) will have drifted. |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
А19. I … my English teacher … more emphasis on communication
rather than reading and translating. |
|
1) wish, put; |
2) wish, would put; |
3) wished, had put; |
4) wish, would have put. |
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А20. Some English teachers have their students … countless grammar
drills which is rather boring. |
|
1) to do; |
2) doing; |
3) be doing; |
4) do. |
А21. What have you done to improve your language skills? Your Eng-
lish is … good … an Englishman’s. |
|
1) so …like; |
2) as…as; |
3) such…as; |
4) more … than. |
А22. Belarus used to rank … among post-Soviet states in terms of
foreign language teaching. |
|
1) the first; |
2) firstly; |
3) first; |
4) at first. |
А23. English gives wonderful job prospects to everyone who has a firstclass knowledge of it, but you should think twice before your final deci-
sion, to avoid regrets about … later. |
|
1) something; |
2) everything; |
3) nothing; |
4) anything. |
А24. … you actually start teaching English you will never know wheth-
er it’s your vocation or not. |
|
1) if; |
2) before; |
3) until; |
4) after. |
Укажите номер подчёркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
А25. Despite (1) many attempts of introducing (2) a (3) universal language, notably Esperanto, the effort has met with very little success (4).
А26. Good English teachers (1) teach not only (2) a language (3), they also teach culture (4).
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Vice-President of the United States Dan Quayle visited a school class in New Jersey once. The children were having a (A27) … competition. When twelve-year-old William Figneroa wrote the word potato correctly on the blackboard, Quayle told the boy he should (A28) … an ‘e’. William became a schoolchildren’s national (A29) … and appeared on television. (A30) … the Vice-President became an international (A31) …as echoes of his mistake went round the world.
A27. 1) writing; |
2) story-telling; |
3) counting; |
4) spelling. |
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А28. |
1) insert; |
2) add; |
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3) include; |
4) involve. |
А29. |
1) character; |
2) protagonist; |
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3) hero; |
4) heroine. |
А30. |
1) upside down; |
2) on the one hand; |
|
3) in short; |
4) on the contrary. |
А31. |
1) joke; |
2) anecdote; |
|
3) laughing-stock; |
4) fun. |
A32. Определите ряд, в котором не все слова относятся к теме.
1)pronounce, utter, articulate, say;
2)write, note, register, list;
3)talk, converse, yell, discourse.
А33. Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике-стимулу.
Teaching English can be real fun. |
|
|
|
1) |
It isn’t. |
2) |
Can’t it? |
3) |
It depends, you know. |
4) |
Says who? |
A34. Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую к предложенной ответной реплике.
Horrible! I have so much to learn yet!
1)How did your date go?
2)Did you enjoy the show?
3)Have you found all the information you need?
4)How did your first lesson go?
A35. Прочитайте вопрос. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Which of these performing artists started his career as an English lan-
guage teacher? |
|
|
|
1) |
Elton John; |
2) |
Robbie Williams; |
3) |
Paul McCartney; |
4) |
Sting. |
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста.
I. Farmers no longer have cows, pigs, chickens, or other animals on their farms: according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, farmers have grain-consuming animal units. Attentive observers of the English language also learned recently that airplanes don’t crash, they just have uncontrolled contact with the ground; and that President Reagan wasn’t really unconscious while he underwent minor surgery, he was just in a non-decision-
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making form. In other words, doublespeak continues to spread as the official language of public communication.
II. Doublespeak is a blanket term for language which pretends to communicate but doesn’t, language which makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant attractive, or at least tolerable. It is language which avoids, shifts, or denies responsibility, language which is at variance with its real meaning.
III. The euphemism, an inoffensive or positive word or phrase designed to avoid a harsh, unpleasant, or distasteful reality, can at times be doublespeak. But the euphemism can also be a tactful word or phrase; for example, passed away functions not just to protect the feelings of another person but also to express our concern for another’s grief. A euphemism used to mislead or deceive, however, becomes doublespeak.
IV. Jargon, the specialized language of a trade or profession, allows colleagues to communicate with each other clearly, efficiently, and quickly. Indeed, it is a mark of membership to be able to use and understand the group’s jargon. But it can also be doublespeak. It can be pretentious, obscure, and esoteric terminology used to make the simple appear complex, and not to express but impress. Lawyers and tax accountants speak of an involuntary conversion of property when discussing the loss or destruction of property through theft, accident, or condemnation. So, if your house burns down, or your car is stolen or destroyed in an accident, you have, in legal jargon, suffered an involuntary conversion of your property.
V. A final kind of doublespeak is simply inflated language. Car mechanics may be called automotive internists, elevator operators – members of the vertical transportation corps; grocery checkout clerks career associate scanning professionals. When a company initiates a career alternative enhancement program, it is really laying off 5,000 workers; a negative patient care outcome means that the patient died.
VI. These last examples should make it clear that doublespeak is not the product of careless language or sloppy thinking. Indeed, serious doublespeak is carefully designed and constructed to appear to communicate but in fact to mislead. Such language is highly strategic, and it breeds suspicion, cynicism, distrust and, ultimately, hostility.
А36. Doublespeak is
1)a language which avoids using words with direct negative meaning;
2)a term which denotes communicative language;
3)a jargon used by narrow professional groups in different spheres of life.
А37. Jargon allows
1)colleagues to communicate effectively;
2)partners to avoid misunderstanding;
3)to socialise quickly and efficiently.
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А38. An involuntary conversion of property means
1)that your car is stolen;
2)the loss or destruction of property for various reasons;
3)its sale.
А39. The main aim of introducing doublespeak is
1)to facilitate communication;
2)to mislead people in their understanding of real situations;
3)to protect people’s feelings.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
А40. shift (II)
1) move; 2) convey;
3) transfer.
А41. concern (III)
1) worry; 2) hesitation;
3) uncertainty.
Выберитеправильныйвариантперевода(1,2 или3) всоответствии с содержанием текста.
А42. Such language is highly strategic, and it breeds suspicion, cynicism, distrust and, ultimately, hostility. (VI)
1)Такой язык является стратегическим и вызывает подозрение, цинизм, недоверие и, наконец, враждебность.
2)Использование такого языка вызвано определённой стратегией и порождает подозрение, цинизм, недоверие и, в конечном счёте, враждебность.
3)Использование такого языка вызвано определённой стратегией
ивоспитывает подозрение, цинизм, недоверие и, наконец, враждебность.
Прочитайте текст.
To James Baldwin, the world famous Afro-American author, it was ‘this passion, this skill, this incredible music’. Toni Morrison, his female colleague, two years later, was impressed by its ‘five present tenses’ and felt that ‘the worst of all possible things that could happen would be to lose that language’. What these novelists were talking about was Ebonics, the informal speech of many African Americans, which rocketed to public attention a year ago this month after the Oakland School Board approved a resolution recognizing it as the primary language of African American students.
(A43) … In the flash flood of e-mail on America Online, Ebonics was described as ‘lazy English’, ‘poor grammar’, and ‘fractured slang’.
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Oakland’s decision to recognize Ebonics and use it to facilitate mastery of Standard English also elicited superlatives of negativity: ridiculous, ludicrous, very stupid, a terrible mistake.
(A44) … Last January, at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, my colleagues and I unanimously approved a resolution describing Ebonics as systematic and rule-governed like all natural speech varieties. (A45) …
First of all Ebonics is not slang. (A46) … Although Ebonics certainly has slang words – such as chillin (‘relaxing’) or homey (‘close friend’), to pick two that have found wide dissemination by the media – its linguistic identity is described by distinctive patterns of pronunciation and grammar.
But is Ebonics a different language from English or a different dialect of English? (A47) … For instance, spoken Cantonese and Mandarin are mutually unintelligible, but they are usually regarded as dialects of Chinese because their speakers use the same writing system and see themselves as part of a common Chinese tradition. By contrast, although Norwegian and Swedish are so similar that their speakers can generally understand each other, they are usually regarded as different languages because their speakers are citizens of different countries. As for Ebonics, most linguists agree that Ebonics is more of a dialect of English than a separate language, because it shares many words and other features with other informal varieties of American English. (A48) …
Yet Ebonics is one of the most distinctive varieties of American English, differing from Standard English – the educated standard – in several ways.
Заполните пропуски A43–A45 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (1–4). Один фрагмент является лишним.
1)However, linguists who study the sounds, words, and grammars of languages and dialects were much more positive than the general public.
2)Some teachers considered Ebonics dangerous and harmful.
3)The reaction of most people across the country – in the media, at holiday gatherings, and on electronic bulletin boards – was overwhelmingly negative.
4)Moreover, we agreed that the Oakland resolution was linguistically and pedagogically sound.
Заполните пропуски А46 – A48 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (1–4). Один фрагмент является лишним.
1)And its speakers can easily communicate with speakers of other American English dialects.
2)Linguists tend to sidestep such questions, noting that the answers can depend on historical and political considerations.
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3)Those who speak Ebonics on everyday basis are often misunderstood or not understood at all.
4)Slang refers just to a small set of new and usually short-lived words in the vocabulary of a dialect or language.
Часть В
Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных и запишите его в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз.
CONVERSE, EXCLUDE, SHY, ENCOURAGE, CONFIDENCE, COMPREHEND
Most people have the ability to learn a foreign language. They simply need constant (B1)…. in order to overcome their fears. (B2)…. seems to be the most difficult aspect for some students, while for others it is (B3)…. of the spoken word. The feeling is not (B4)…. to those who feel least (B5)…. as even the most outgoing students are sometimes reluctant to speak. Some reasons for this may be (B6) ... and fear of making a mistake.
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
Teaching a (B7) … language be it English, Greek or Chinese means communication. So a language teacher should establish trusting (B8) … with his/her students and have a personal (B9) … in them. On the (B10) …, a strict and rigid atmosphere in class will hardly motivate students to speak.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.
В11. When some students have a bad (память на) words the teacher has to devise special tasks to help them.
В12. The teacher (дал понять) that students were expected to speak only English in class.
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КЛЮЧИ К ТЕСТАМ
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A8 |
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A9 |
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A10 |
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A11 |
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A12 |
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A13 |
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A14 |
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A15 |
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A16 |
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A17 |
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A18 |
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A19 |
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A20 |
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A21 |
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A22 |
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A25 |
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A26 |
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A27 |
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A28 |
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A32 |
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A33 |
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1 |
4 |
A36 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
A37 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
A38 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
A39 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
169
№ |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
A40 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
A41 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
A42 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
A43 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
A44 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
A45 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
A46 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
A47 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
A48 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
№ |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
B1 |
qualifications |
badly |
deforestation |
born |
B2 |
disillusioned |
reorganize |
annually |
lawyer |
B3 |
advertisements |
courtesy |
identifiable |
sense |
B4 |
substandard |
service |
loss |
around |
B5 |
worthless |
sympathetically |
warming |
option |
B6 |
interactive |
behaviour |
destruction |
chaotic |
B7 |
let |
trip |
place |
chance |
B8 |
rest |
across |
put |
there |
B9 |
other |
up |
person |
local |
B10 |
parent |
lifestyle |
chance |
which |
B11 |
do their worst |
lost count of time |
at its present level |
contribute to |
B12 |
live |
others |
to make themselves |
most |
|
|
|
heard |
|
№ |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
B1 |
isolation |
educational |
misused |
strengthening |
B2 |
occasionally |
inappropriate |
interested |
temptations |
B3 |
confidently |
availability |
business |
adventurous |
B4 |
attractive |
familiarize |
offended |
carefully |
B5 |
fashionable |
independently |
insignificant |
accommodation |
B6 |
unlikely |
partnerships |
privacy |
immigration |
B7 |
minuses |
need |
because |
only |
B8 |
carry |
study |
used |
across |
B9 |
seat |
with |
so |
everyday |
B10 |
think |
place |
how |
as |
B11 |
to keep an eye |
look down on |
by leaps |
feel at home |
|
on |
|
and bounds |
|
B12 |
you’d better |
as |
on the world market |
they say |
170