Тесты по английскому языку. Заключительный этап подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
.pdftween bravery and cowardice and so on. These legends (A15) … popular because of the incredibly large variety of human behaviour patterns recorded. The stories (A16) … also in more permanent forms. Many paintings, sculptures, plays and poems showed characters from the legends. In the XVIII century neo-classical movement, houses (A17) … with ancient Greek columns, and clothes had some similarity to those worn in ancient times. Today most children (A18) … about Hercules, Zeus, Oedipus, and these heroes provide the inspiration for young minds to write their own stories.
A9. 1) were; |
2) are being; |
3) have been; |
4) are. |
А10. 1) have been surviving; |
2) survived; |
3) have survived; |
4) are surviving. |
А11. 1) died out; |
2) has died out; |
3) had died out; |
4) was dying out. |
А12. 1) are having; |
2) have; |
3) will have; |
4) have had. |
А13. 1) have been; |
2) had been; |
3) were; |
4) are. |
А14. 1) are going to notice; |
2) are noticing; |
3) will notice; |
4) notice. |
А15. 1) have become; |
2) became; |
3) will become; |
4) are becoming. |
А16. 1) survived; |
2) will survive; |
3) are survived; |
4) have survived. |
А17. 1) were being designed; |
2) designed; |
3) were designed; |
4) have been designed. |
А18. 1) are learning; |
2) learn; |
3) have learned; |
4) are being learned. |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
А19. I … I … in the XIV century – the era of noble knights, chivalry,
tournaments and beautiful ladies. |
|
1) wished, were living; |
2) wished, had lived; |
3) wish, had lived; |
4) wish, would live. |
A 20. The ancient Egyptians are known … great scientific knowledge.
1) to have; |
2) having; |
3) to have had; |
4) having had. |
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А21. Henry VIII was … and lustful king in the history of the UK, infa-
mous for having six wives. |
|
1) a bad-tempered; |
2) the worst-tempered; |
3) the worse-tempered; |
4) the most bad-tempered. |
А22. A lot of soldiers of … are still lying in unmarked graves. |
|
1) Second World War; |
2) World War the Second; |
3) the World War II; |
4) World War II. |
А23. In the Middle Ages an average female dress weighed nearly 10 kilos, so it wasn’t surprising that women couldn’t dress … and were helped
by maids. |
|
1) – ; |
2) them; |
3) themselves; |
4) theirselves. |
А24. …nobody counted much on its victory, the Democratic party won the elections thus making a turning point in the US history.
1) although; |
2) besides; |
3) in spite of; |
4) nevertheless. |
Укажите номер подчёркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
А25. Philosophy (1) of the ancient Greeks has been preserved (2) in the scholarly (3) writing of Western civilization (4).
А26. The idea of a submarine is an old ancient one (1) dating from (2) as early as (3) the XV century when Da Vinci made preliminary (4) drawings.
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
The Middle Ages in England ended with a major technical development: William Caxton’s printing press. This invention brought (A27) … dramatic changes which can only be compared to the information technology (A28) … of the twenty-first century. Books were no longer a (A29) … of the wealthy. Printing (A30) … to the standardization of spelling and grammar, although this was not a quick process. Caxton’s printing press made books more accessible which (A31) … people to read.
A27. |
1) off; |
2) over; |
|
3) about; |
4) out. |
А28. |
1) rebellion; |
2) revolution; |
|
3) evolution; |
4) change. |
А29. |
1) prize; |
2) privilege; |
|
3) reward; |
4) bonus. |
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А30. |
1) contributed; |
2) pointed; |
|
3) forced; |
4) resulted. |
А31. |
1) encouraged; |
2) made; |
|
3) had; |
4) led. |
A32. Определите ряд, в котором не все слова относятся к теме.
1)civilization, development, advancement, progress;
2)epoch, age, week, era;
3)monument, memorial, relic, mausoleum.
А33. Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике-стимулу.
History is nothing but a bunch of dusty facts and dates.
1)Says who?
2)I wouldn’t be so cathegorical.
3)Good idea.
4)Some news, isn’t it?
A34. Выберите реплику-стимул, подходящую к предложенной ответной реплике.
Well, it’s one of the most fascinating areas of human knowledge.
1)Why don’t you like history?
2)Did you do history at school?
3)Are you getting ready for your history class?
4)What do you think of history?
A35. Прочитайте вопрос. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
When did the Norman invasion that changed the course of English his-
tory take place? |
|
|
|
1) |
IX century; |
2) |
XI century; |
3) |
X century; |
4) |
XII century. |
Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста.
I. Early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, a new form of human existence – called civilization – came into being. A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements.
II. Historians have identified a number of basic characteristics of civilizations, most of which are evident in the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. These include an urban revolution: cities became the focal points for political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development;
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and a distinct religious structure: the gods were deemed crucial to the community’s success. Besides new political and military structures arose to meet the administrative demands of the growing population while armies were organized to gain land and power. A new social structure was based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed a large group of free people (farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves. The development of writing was also noted. New forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity, such as monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban environments.
III. Why early civilizations developed remains difficult to explain. Since civilizations developed independently in India, China, Mesopotamia, and Egypt, can general causes be identified that would explain why all of these civilizations emerged? A number of possible explanations of the beginning of civilization have been suggested. A theory of challenge and response maintains that challenges forced human beings to make efforts that resulted in the rise of civilization.
IV. Some scholars have adhered to a material explanation. Material forces, such as the growth of food surpluses, made possible the specialization of labor and development of large communities with bureaucratic organization. But the area of the Fertile Crescent, in which Mesopotamian civilization emerged, was not naturally designed to suit agriculture. Abundant food could only be produced with a massive human effort to carefully manage the water, an effort that created the need for organization and bureaucratic control and led to civilized cities. Some historians have argued that nonmaterial forces, primarily religious, provided the sense of unity and purpose that made such organized activities possible. Finally, some scholars doubt that we are capable of ever discovering the actual causes of early civilization.
А36. An urban revolution is
1)the growth of cities with certain concentration of population, economic, social, cultural and religious structures;
2)an immediate increase in urban population density;
3)a military campaign dislocated only on urban territory.
А37. A theory of challenge and response maintains that
1)human beings were challenged to produce more food surpluses which resulted in the further civilization growth;
2)difficulties made human beings find ways to overcome them which consequently caused the rise of civilization;
3)the ability to respond to different questions brought about the development of culture and, correspondingly, the development of civilization.
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А38. Military structures came into being as
1)it became necessary to suppress the growing population;
2)it was vitally important to conquer new lands and get power;
3)it made new political structures extremely powerful.
А39. The material explanation of civilization emergence is grounded on
1)the growth of material surpluses which made it possible to share
labor;
2)the growth of material forces which resulted in labor specialization;
3)the existence of bureaucratic organizations which fostered the development of early civilizations.
Определите значение указанного слова в тексте.
А40. adhere (IV)
1) stick; 2) continue;
3) join.
А41. significant (II)
1) major; 2) relevant;
3) considerable.
Выберите правильный вариант перевода (1, 2 или 3) в соответствии с содержанием текста.
А42. Why early civilizations developed remains difficult to explain. (III)
1)Вопрос о том, почему возникли ранние цивилизации, остается сложным для объяснения.
2)Трудно объяснить, почему возникли ранние цивилизации.
3)Почему ранние цивилизации стали развитыми не поддается никаким объяснениям.
Прочитайте текст.
Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Gases like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks, and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded more quickly.
(A43) … According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD 900, and the spectacular ru-
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ins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance like tar. (A44) … Scientists estimate that about one millimetre of stone is worn away every twelve years. (A45) … The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. (A46) …
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. (A47) … However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. (A48) …
Заполните пропуски A43–A45 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (1–4). Один фрагмент является лишним.
1)At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off and the stone is being eaten away.
2)These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.
3)That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.
4)The problem, however, is not just a European one.
Заполните пропуски А46–A48 одним из предложенных текстовых фрагментов (1–4). Один фрагмент является лишним.
1)The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts.
2)However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.
3)Even if the country produces more oil it won’t save the problem.
4)So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.
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Часть В
Прочитайте текст. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных и запишите его в той форме, в которой оно должно стоять в предложении. Помните, что каждое слово может быть использовано только один раз.
ORIGIN, NAVIGATE, CHARACTER, SUPERIOR, NEW, CULTURE
What we mean by the Renaissance is the rich (B1) … development that began in the late XIV century. It (B2) … in northern Italy and spread northwards during the following two centuries. The age was (B3) … by a (B4) … interest in classical learning and values. Three discoveries – the compass, firearms and the printing press – were essential for the new epoch. The compass made (B5) … possible and became the basis for great voyages of discovery. Firearms gave the Europeans military (B6) … over the American and Asiatic cultures. Finally printing played a vital role in spreading the new ideas.
Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу.
In the traditions of most ancient civilizations, a legend about a flood can be found which originated in a real (B7) … . Archaeologists believe that (B8) … 4000 and 2000 BC the rivers of the Middle East overflowed their banks and endangered life everywhere. It was so powerful that it became a common (B9) … for the ancient literature of the period. In Western societies the most (B10) … version of the story is that of Noah and the Arc. This legend symbolizes the struggle of mankind for survival.
Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.
В11. Unfortunately some historical monuments are (в плохом состоянии) and need urgent restoration.
В12. Many historical figures have become (частью) of our life: we admire them and learn from them.
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5 Test 15
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
Часть А
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
«Australia became prosperous because of the wickedness of England», someone said. What was meant by this? Simply that (A1) … the beginning Australia was (A2) … place where convicts were sent. It was expensive to keep them in prison so the government was anxious to be rid (A3) … them. Before 1783 the British had shipped convicts to the American colonies, but (A4)… independent United States of America didn’t want any more of these unruly immigrants. So the suggestion was made that Australia would be an excellent country to harbour them. Captain Cook discovered a place on the Australian coast which he called Botany Bay because of its wonderful flowers and this was chosen for a convict settlement. (A5) … C/certain Captain Philip was given charge (A6) … the first group and arrived (A7) … Botany Bay in 1788. Yet he founded his colony in another place, now called Sidney Harbour. Life was hard, and Captain Philip begged (A8) … supplies: food, farm implements and seeds. Instead he got more and more convicts and had to retire because of poor health.
A1. |
1) at; |
2) in; |
3) by; |
4) from. |
А2. |
1) a; |
2) – ; |
3) the; |
4) an. |
А3. |
1) from; |
2) about; |
3) of; |
4) away. |
А4. |
1) – ; |
2) a; |
3) the; |
4) an. |
А5. |
1) an; |
2) a; |
3) – ; |
4) the. |
А6. |
1) of; |
2) by; |
3) with; |
4) about. |
А7. |
1) in; |
2) to; |
3) at; |
4) across. |
А8. |
1) about; |
2) of; |
3) out of; |
4) for. |
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
I (A9) … from Wellington which is the capital of New Zealand. And Wellington (A10) … notoriously windy and this (A11) … very apparent to me when I was about 17. It was Easter time so I didn’t go to school. I looked out of the window and trees (A12) … like crazy. Soon my father called from work and asked how things (A13) … . He explained to me that
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it was officially a hurricane and one of the ferries between the two islands (A14) … in the harbour. But for most of us it (A15) … just another windy day, nothing abnormal. If my father (A16) … me I (A17) … it was a hurricane! And it wasn’t until I (A18) ... Wellington that I realized that most of the world wasn’t windy at all.
A9. 1) came; |
2) have come; |
3) am coming; |
4) come. |
А10. 1) was; |
2) is; |
3) have been; |
4) will be. |
А11. 1) became; |
2) has become; |
3) had become; |
4) was becoming. |
А12. 1) blew; |
2) were blowing; |
3) are blowing; |
4) had blown. |
А13. 1) are; |
2) had been; |
3) were being; |
4) were. |
А14. 1) sunk; |
2) has sunk; |
3) was sinking; |
4) had sunk. |
А15. 1) had been; |
2) was; |
3) is; |
4) has been. |
А16. 1) didn’t phone; |
2) hadn’t phoned; |
3) wouldn’t phone; |
4) wasn’t phoning. |
А17. 1) wouldn’t understand; |
2) didn’t understand; |
3) wouldn’t have understood; |
4) understood. |
А18. 1) have left; |
2) left; |
3) would leave; |
4) had left. |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
А19. … I … Australia in January. My dream is to see the famous Aus-
tralian Open Tennis Tournament. |
|
|
|
1) |
If only…might visit; |
2) |
If only…could visit; |
3) |
I wish … would visit; |
4) |
I wish … will visit. |
А20. Australian kids are said … to swim when they are still toddlers. No wonder the country has so many swimming champions!
1) to be learning; |
2) to learn; |
3) learning; |
4) to be learnt. |
А21. Australia was the … continent to be discovered.
1) latest; |
2) last; |
3) latter; |
4) later. |
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A22. When in New Zealand, it will take you … to get to its capital, Wellington, the country’s second-largest city and an important port.
1) an hour and a half; |
2) an hour and half; |
3) one and a half hours; |
4) half of an hour. |
А23. New Zealand is a terrific tourist spot. Since … are avid travelers,
we are dreaming of visiting the country. |
|
1) my husband and I; |
2) my husband and myself; |
3) my husband and me; |
4) me and my husband. |
А24. Sydney is the largest city in Australia, … the most economically
developed. |
|
1) as long as; |
2) while; |
3) hence; |
4) as well as. |
Укажите номер подчёркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
А25. A lot of (1) outstanding Australian authors such as (2) Colleen McCullough resides (3) abroad (4).
А26. To memorize (1) the achievements of Ivonne Gulagong, an Aus- tralian-Aborigene tennis player, the world biggest (2) tennis racket was erected (3) in her hometown (4).
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Countries (A27) … Australia which have large areas of bushland, face the constant threat of bush and grass fires during the dry (A28) … . These fires can cause devastation on a very large (A29) … . In Australia there are fire-fighting forces in each state whose (A30) … is to tackle bush fires. They also advise people on how to prevent fires from (A31) … and provide information on how to protect themselves and their homes when they do.
A27. |
1) as; |
2) besides; |
|
3) except; |
4) like. |
А28. 1) time; |
2) month; |
|
|
3) season; |
4) epoch. |
А29. |
1) basis; |
2) scale; |
|
3) size; |
4) territory. |
А30. |
1) hobby; |
2) work; |
|
3) job; |
4) vocation. |
А31. |
1) burning; |
2) spreading; |
|
3) growing; |
4) starting. |
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