Проект «Словаря заимствований в современном английском языке в эпоху глобализации»

ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЕ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ КЕНИИ И НИГЕРИИ

2. “He lamented the grab-instinct of today’s Africa; cried about the passing of juju and its restraint on moral laxity; wept over the lack of faith, the drifting towards oblivion of today’s youth” [Ekwensi 1996: 112].

“ ‘Okay, I was married to the pharmacist before,’ he said. Then he told a lie about how her present husband took her away by casting a juju spell on her” [Obioma 2019: 416].

“In west Africa, juju, also known as black magic, is the indigenous belief system in the ability of the spiritual world to impact on the physical one. Now, it is in the charts. More than ever, artists from the styles of Afrobeats, Afroswing and Afropop are weaving traditional mysticism into their work in a way that smirks at the scary stories and stern warnings from their parents that they will have absorbed as children of the African diaspora” [The Guardian 21.02.2020].

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М. А. КУЗИНА. ПРОЕКТ «СЛОВАРЯ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

5.kabu kabu N [C] – сущ. [исч.]

Etymology: < Nigerian Pidgin (Naija)

Frequency: –

Этимология: < нигерийский пиджин (найджа)

Частотность: –

An unregistered illegal Nigerian taxi.

***

Незарегистрованное нелегальное такси в Нигерии.

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ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЕ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ КЕНИИ И НИГЕРИИ

“Had she made he plane, she would now have been an hour closer to where she needed to be, instead of stuck and terrified in the confines of a cab not far from her townhouse. No, this wasn’t even a cab. The driver didn’t have a license displayed anywhere; it was probably illegal. She’s somehow wound up in a kabu kabu right here on the streets of greater Chicago” [Okorafor 2013: 30].

“ ‘Sorry,’ she told him. ‘I got up late and forgot to call before leaving. Then, well, I took some weird Nigerian unlicensed cab, it got kind of crazy.’ ‘Ah, a Nanjamerican-style kabu kabu.’ He nodded knowingly. ‘I hear those can be bad business’ ” [Okorafor 2013: 37].

“Lagos State Government yesterday said it would soon begin enforcement of the regulation of the mile-to-mile taxi system and eliminate unregistered cab operators, otherwise known as ‘Kabu kabu’ from the state” [Vanguard 17.08.2016].

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М. А. КУЗИНА. ПРОЕКТ «СЛОВАРЯ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

6.koboko N [C] – сущ. [исч.]

Etymology: < A Central or West African language

Frequency: –

Этимология: < один из центрально- или западноафриканских языков

Частотность: –

A strong heavy whip used for different purposes (e.g. in African schools to punish children for incomplete homework or poor behaviour in class).

***

Крепкий тяжёлый кнут, используемый в разных целях (например, в афри- канских школах для телесных наказаний детей за невыполненное домашнее задание или плохое поведение в классе).

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ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЕ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ КЕНИИ И НИГЕРИИ

“Once, while in primary school, I had ventured to exercise my talents in the football field during break time and returned home with my school shirt badly ripped and stained. When my mother saw me, she stared as if I had huge pus-filled boils all over my body. Then she used a long koboko whip to express herself more vividly on my buttocks” [Nwaubani 2009: 16].

“My father held my two hands in front of me with his one hand and used my mother’s koboko to lash me with his other. I wriggled and screamed. After ten strokes that left me unable to sit upright for days, I was banned from communicating with Uncle Boniface whenever my parents were not around” [Nwaubani 2009: 61–62].

“Those three boys have just earned ten strokes of the koboko each, either on their buttocks or their palms, depending on Malam Zwindila’s mood” [Nwaubani 2018: 5].

“As usual, Aisha wants to hear everything that happened in school from Monday to Friday: who got whipped by the koboko, who answered the most questions, who taught anything new in their subject” [Nwaubani 2018: 26].

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М. А. КУЗИНА. ПРОЕКТ «СЛОВАРЯ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

7.kwashiorkor BrE [ˌkwɒʃɪˈɔːkɔː], [ˌkwɒʃɪˈɔːkə] AmE [ˌkwɑʃiˈɔrkər], [ˌkwɑʃiˈɔrˌkɔr], [ˌkwɑʃiˌɔrˈkɔr] N [C] – сущ. [исч.]

Etymology: < (1935) Ga (Kwa language of coastal Ghana) (kwàṣìɔkɔ́“the disease of the deposed child”)

Frequency: 0,1–1,0

Этимология: < (1935) га (один из языков группы ква, в частности, распро-

странённый в Гане) (kwàṣìɔkɔ́«болезнь отлучённого от груди матери»)

Частотность: 0,1–1,0

A disease that is caused by an insufficient intake of protein by the body and chiefly affects young children in tropical countries. It is generally associated with diarrhoea and stunted growth producing apathy, fluid retention in the extremities, skin peeling, and partial loss of pigmentation. In severe cases it leads to death (in 10–30% of cases). Kwashiorkor cases are on the rise during severe famines, military conflicts and other social calamities and natural disasters.

***

Квашиоркор (детская пеллагра) – вариант тяжёлой степени гипотрофии

у детей, которая развивается преимущественно из-за белкового голода- ния. Для больных характерны низкая масса тела, задержка в физическом и психическом развитии, отёки конечностей, анемия, диарея, увеличение объёма живота, изменение пигментации кожи и цвета волос. Летальность составляет 10–30%. Наибольшее число эпизодов болезни регистрируется в периоды массового голода, военных конфликтов и других социальных потрясений.

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ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЕ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ КЕНИИ И НИГЕРИИ

“But what she brought back was familiar, the dried fish even saltier, and she sang, with an amused expression, the song the women sang at the center.

Caritas, thank you,

Caritas si anyi taba okporoko na kwashiorkor ga-ana.

She did not sing on the days she came back with nothing. She would sit on the veranda and look up at the thatch roof and say, ‘Do you remember, Ugwu, how we used to throw away soup with meat after only a day?’” [Adichie 2014: 283–284].

“Dry spells across much of the country since last September have led to big food shortages, humanitarian agencies say. In recent weeks the effects have become visible, with increases in cases of kwashiorkor and severe acute malnutrition, particularly in Southern Ethiopia, where 126,000 children require urgent therapeutic treatment” [The Guardian 21.05.2008].

“Watkins said the plight of the country’s children had been exacerbated by a ‘de facto humanitarian blockade’ by the Saudis. ‘What you see are kids with kwashiorkor [a severe form of malnutrition], with distended bellies and misshapen heads’ ” [The Guardian 23.01.2017].

“Missionaries had noticed mothers emerging from the deep bush carrying children reduced to living skeletons yet with bloated bellies. Catholic priests recognised the symptoms – kwashiorkor or acute protein deficiency” [The Guardian 21.01.2020].

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М. А. КУЗИНА. ПРОЕКТ «СЛОВАРЯ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

8.mzungu BrE [(ə)mˈzʊŋɡuː] AmE [(ə)mˈzʊŋɡu] N [C] – сущ. [исч.]

Other forms: (1800s) muzungu

Etymology: < Swahili (mzungu “someone who roams around”)

Frequency: 0,01–0,1

Другие формы написания: (1800-е) muzungu

Этимология: < суахили (mzungu «тот, кто скитается или слоняется без дела»)

Частотность: 0,01–0,1

A European or a white person.

***

Европеец или представитель европеоидной расы.

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ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЕ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ИЗ КЕНИИ И НИГЕРИИ

“Mercifully, at that moment, there was a knock and a big, sunburnt, blue eyed, yellow haired mzungu entered” [Ogola 2006: 207].

“ ‘Mzungu!’ Every part of the African continent has its own term for white people. In Burundi, where I live, children take great delight in screaming mzungu! at me, quickly followed by ‘Give me money!’” [The Guardian 10.09.2015].

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М. А. КУЗИНА. ПРОЕКТ «СЛОВАРЯ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

9.obroni N [C] – сущ. [исч.]

Other forms: oburoni

Etymology: < Akan (Abro fuo “white man” < “those who come from over the horizon”)

Frequency: –

Другие формы написания: oburoni

Этимология: < аканский (Abro fuo «белый человек» < «тот, кто пришёл из-за горизонта»)

Частотность: –

The West African equivalent of the ubiquitous Eastern and Central African term “mzungu” used to denote a European or any white person.

***

Западноафриканский эквивалент для широко распространённого восточно- и центральноафриканского слова mzungu: оба слова обозначают европейца или любого белого человека.

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