Проверочные работы по грамматике и чтению (английский язык). Учебное пособие
.pdfTest 5 – Infinitive and infinitive constructions
Variant 1
Task 1. Identify the infinitive in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. In most instances an application program is written to be executed in conjunction with a particular operating system.
to be executed – обстоятельство
1.To explain this law of mechanics one should know the theory well.
2.To gain control over nature means to know its laws.
3.To analyze this effect is to take into consideration all the elements of the circuit.
4.There are many examples to illustrate the rule.
5.This substance is rarely to be found in nature.
6.To produce such high-frequency radio-like coherent signal was extremely important.
7.Some mistakes must have been made in assembling the parts of the device.
8.Elements combine to produce a compound.
9.To sum up, there are two features of atomic structure which we bear in mind.
10.To observe is the primary goal of any experiment.
Task 2. Define which infinitive construction the sentence contains (Complex Subject/Complex Object) and translate it:
e.g. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
Answer: Известно, что наука оказывает влияние на жизнь людей (Complex Subject)
1.The ancients thought the Earth to be flat.
2.The scientist is known to have contributed much to the development of science.
3.The substances were thought to possess the property in question.
4.We know science to affect the lives of people.
5.We know the velocity of a particle to be continuously changing if this particle has a non-uniform motion.
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Test 5 – Infinitive and infinitive constructions
Variant 2
Task 1. Identify the infinitive in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. In most instances an application program is written to be executed in conjunction with a particular operating system.
to be executed – обстоятельство
1.It takes the rays of the Sun eight minutes to get to the Earth.
2.To obtain these data is necessary for carrying out further experiments.
3.Use is to be made of the data obtained.
4.As the plant is a living thing, it must have food, or it would die.
5.Life may have existed on other planets.
6.The problem to be of special interest is concerned with the ionization of gases.
7.There are many examples to illustrate this rule.
8.To carry on such experiment was not an easy thing.
9.The problem to be solved is of great importance in our industry.
10.We are to analyze the influence of the magnetic effect on motor operation carefully .
Task 2. Define which infinitive construction the sentence contains (Complex Subject/Complex Object) and translate it:
e.g. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
Answer: Известно, что наука оказывает влияние на жизнь людей (Complex Subject)
1.The scientists consider them not to have formulated a true theory.
2.A metal considered to consist mainly of metal ions and free electron of high mobility.
3.These calculations proved to be helpful.
4.They are known to have obtained the information from this magazine.
5.We heard him have established a school of his own.
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Test 5 – Infinitive and infinitive constructions
Variant 3
Task 1. Identify the infinitive in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. In most instances an application program is written to be executed in conjunction with a particular operating system.
to be executed – обстоятельство
1.To transmit the image by radio has become a practical possibility not so long ago.
2.An electroscope can be used to tell if a body is charged positively or negatively.
3.The method in use is to smash the simplest nuclei.
4.The experiment was about to fail.
5.The factors to govern this reaction are intensively studied.
6.The changes to lead to this effect deserve close attention.
7.I was informed to have been invited to this scientific conference.
8.The effect is too small to be detected.
9.To measure the vast distances of stars requires skill and knowledge on the part
of the astronomers.
10.To make television suitable for everyday use, the scientists and engineers had to work much to develop new electronic technique.
Task 2. Define which infinitive construction the sentence contains (Complex Subject/Complex Object) and translate it:
e.g. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
Answer: Известно, что наука оказывает влияние на жизнь людей (Complex Subject)
1.They seem to have designed a new device.
2.The material is supposed to be selected carefully.
3.New techniques allowed the properties of this substance to be changed.
4.These scientists’ experiments are claimed to be a failure.
5.Newton considered momentum to be the measure of quantity of motion.
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Test 5 – Infinitive and infinitive constructions
Variant 4
Task 1. Identify the infinitive in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. In most instances an application program is written to be executed in conjunction with a particular operating system.
to be executed – обстоятельство
1.There will be a review of current literature in my paper to be discussed.
2.The explosion must have occurred long ago.
3.To illustrate, Figure 2 gives the energy level of potassium.
4.To analyze this effect is to take into consideration all the elements of the circuit.
5.To see the dependence, look at the graph.
6.Not to make mistakes often means not to work.
7.The first oil engine to reach any success was that designed in 1908.
8.We make things of aluminum so as to reduce their weight.
9.Gold was one of the first metals to be found by man.
10.To cross the river in such weather one must know the current.
Task 2. Define which infinitive construction the sentence contains (Complex Subject/Complex Object) and translate it:
e.g. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
Answer: Известно, что наука оказывает влияние на жизнь людей (Complex Subject)
1.This scientist is said to have been working in the field of electronics for many years.
2.Transistors made it possible to design electric devices.
3.The project is unlikely to meet the goals.
4.We expected him to have solved the problem.
5.The method appears to be of some interest.
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Test 5 – Infinitive and infinitive constructions
Variant 5
Task 1. Identify the infinitive in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. In most instances an application program is written to be executed in conjunction with a particular operating system.
to be executed – обстоятельство
1.Steps are to be taken to overcome these obstacles.
2.They must be making experiments in the laboratory now.
3.The primary task of the laboratory head is to provide conditions favorable for experimentation.
4.The changes to lead to this effect deserve close attention.
5.New sources of cheap energy are to be found.
6.To begin with, one can say that an electric current is the result of a flow of electric charges.
7.A large motor takes a long time to get up speed owing to its inertia.
8.To transmit the image by radio has become a practical possibility not so long ago.
9.To operate electrical devices some precautionary measures should be observed.
10.There was only one signal to be detected.
Task 2. Define which infinitive construction the sentence contains (Complex Subject/Complex Object) and translate it:
e.g. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
Answer: Известно, что наука оказывает влияние на жизнь людей (Complex Subject)
1.Pressure causes ice to melt.
2.This element might be expected from experience to expand at heating.
3.We may suppose the alpha-particles within the nucleus to be in motion.
4.The atomic weight of oxygen has been assumed to be integral.
5.The students watched the substance react to its being heated.
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The Participle — причастие
Причастие – неличная форма глагола, которая обладает признаками прилагательного и наречия, оно описывает предмет, человека или явление.
I like to watch the rising sun. – Мне нравится смотреть на восходящее солнце.
Виды причастий
В английском языке есть причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени:
1.The Present Participle, Participle I (причастие настоящего времени)
Выражает действие, которое происходит одновременно с действием, выраженным сказуемым. Participle I образуется путем прибавления -ing к основе глагола.
The sound of rain falling on the roof makes me feel calm. – Звук дождя,
барабанящего по крыше, успокаивает меня.
2.The Past Participle, Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени)
Выражает действие, происходившее раньше того действия, которое выражено сказуемым. Participle II – это третья форма глагола.
The abandoned house looked gloomy and terrifying. – Заброшенный дом выглядел мрачно и устрашающе.
The stolen bicycle was never found. – Украденный велосипед так и не был найден.
Participle I может принимать также пассивную и перфектную формы, которые представлены в таблице:
|
Active |
Passive |
Participle I |
writing |
being written |
|
|
|
Participle II |
|
written |
|
|
|
Perfect Participle |
having written |
having been written |
|
|
|
The letter being written will be sent tomorrow. – Письмо, которое сейчас пишут,
будет отправлено завтра
Having written the letter he went to the university – Написав письмо, он пошел в университет.
Функции в предложении
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Английское причастие в предложении выполняет одну из следующих функций:
•определение
The kids playing in the park look really happy. – Дети, играющие в парке,
выглядят счастливыми.
The fallen tree blocked the road. – Упавшее дерево перегородило дорогу.
•обстоятельство
Singing in front of the mirror, my little son feels like a rockstar. – Напевая перед зеркалом, мой маленький сын чувствует себя рок-звездой.
When asked about his favorite movie, Ron always says he likes The Lord of the Rings. – Когда Рона спрашивают о его любимом фильме, он всегда говорит, что ему нравится «Властелин колец».
•часть сказуемого
The dog is barking loudly. – Собака громко лает.
They have just moved into a new apartment. – Они только что переехали в новую квартиру.
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Test 6 – Participle I, Participle II
Variant 1
Task 1. Identify Participle I/Participle II in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. Using the device the student observed the necessary precautions. using – Participle I, обстоятельство
The heated object became red-hot. heated – Participle II, определение.
1.The arriving delegates are met by the organizers of the conference.
2.The substance obtained had many special properties.
3.Being used too intensively the device works much worse.
4.Having used the device the student switched it off.
5.The book looked for by us is not yet found.
6.The machine designed by him will help us greatly.
7.When translating the article he used no dictionary.
8.The man testing this engine belongs to the group exploring troubles in motors.
9.When passing along a wire the electric current produces heating and magnetic
effect.
10.Let us see the results received.
Task 2. Define the participle construction the sentence contains and translate it:
e.g. Testing the motor the engineer applied new methods.
Answer: Испытывая двигатель, инженер применял новые методы. (зависимый причастный оборот)
The engineer testing the motor, the workers helped him. – Когда инженер испытывал двигатель, рабочие помогли ему. (независимый причастный оборот)
1.A current flowing through a conductor, a magnetic field is set up.
2.Being affected by the attraction of the Moon the rocket starts to fall on.
3.While testing the equipment the engineers replaced some machine parts.
4.There being too many questions asked, not all of them could be answered.
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Test 6 – Participle I, Participle II
Variant 2
Task 1. Identify Participle I/Participle II in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. Using the device the student observed the necessary precautions. using – Participle I, обстоятельство
The heated object became red-hot. heated – Participle II, определение.
1.Hydrogen is the lightest element known.
2.The substance being investigated will be used in our experiment.
3.Having been used for a long time the device got out of order.
4.Being spoken by most people of the world English is the international language.
5.Having worked out some important theory in the field of physics the scientists put it into practice.
6.The problem facing our designing bureau is of great significance for the development of aircraft.
7.The problem solved by this young scientist is of great interest for our institute.
8.Physics is a science dealing with the phenomena of matter and energy.
9.The equipment needed for the experiment was carefully checked.
10.When traveling radio waves do not lose their strength.
Task 2. Define the participle construction the sentence contains and translate it:
e.g. Testing the motor the engineer applied new methods.
Answer: Испытывая двигатель, инженер применял новые методы. (зависимый причастный оборот)
The engineer testing the motor, the workers helped him. – Когда инженер испытывал двигатель, рабочие помогли ему. (независимый причастный оборот)
1.Having tested the motor the engineer left the machine-hall.
2.Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great interest.
3.The temperature being increased, the resistivity of the semiconductor decreases.
4.The signal given, the rocket starts immediately.
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Test 6 – Participle I, Participle II
Variant 3
Task 1. Identify Participle I/Participle II in the sentence and define its function.
e.g. Using the device the student observed the necessary precautions. using – Participle I, обстоятельство
The heated object became red-hot. heated – Participle II, определение.
1.The properties of the substance involved are as yet not clearly understood.
2.The stability of the compound being formed must be considered.
3.While reading the article the student looked up some words in the dictionary.
4.The engineers will discuss the quality of the machine tested.
5.Taken together these factors satisfactorily account for the high sensitivity of such types of radio receivers.
6.I made a mistake planning this experiment.
7.The results presented in this paper will help us.
8.The energy output was rather low, suggesting some leakage of the current.
9.Electrons depend upon the atom being considered.
10.Having been warmed to zero ice began to melt.
Task 2. Define the participle construction the sentence contains and translate it:
e.g. Testing the motor the engineer applied new methods.
Answer: Испытывая двигатель, инженер применял новые методы. (зависимый причастный оборот)
The engineer testing the motor, the workers helped him. – Когда инженер испытывал двигатель, рабочие помогли ему. (независимый причастный оборот)
1.Other things being equal, the electron energy values remain constant.
2.Atomic energy being developed in a reactor in the form of heat, one can obtain both heat and power.
3.All the necessary precautions having been done, the lab technician began testing the operating parameters of a radio receiver.
4.The atom has a negative charge, having acquired an excess of electrons.
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