Моделирование предохранительных конструкций. Учебное пособие
.pdfm* |
|
mu |
|
. |
|
|
|
|
A W |
|
|||
1 |
|
ɜ |
S |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɛɦɟɧɟ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢ ɤɚɟɬ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɉɪȼɋ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɚɪɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ
Ɇɚɫɫɭ ɩɚɪɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
|
mɫɬɯ ɫɫɬɯ V Uɩɩ. |
5 |
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɫɵ ɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ
ms M V Ps 6
RT
ɝɞɟ Ps ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ T ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ
|
min{m |
ɫɬɯ |
;m ;m |
} |
|
|
Vɉɪȼɋ |
|
s |
|
. |
7 |
|
ɫɫɬɯUɝɩ |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|||
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
] |
min{Vɉɪȼɋ |
;V |
} |
. |
8 |
V |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
2.4.4. ǵȈȗȇȎȕȉȇȔȏȌ ȉȎȗȢȉȕȕȖȇȘȔȕȊȕ ȖȢȒȌȉȕȎȋȚȟȔȕȊȕ ȕȈȒȇȑȇ
ɉɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɵɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɳɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɵɥɶ ɫɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɞɪɭ
51
ɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
ȼɡɪɵɜɵɩɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹɦɢ
ȼɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɧɶɱɚɫɬɨɜɡɪɵɜɵɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬɤɚɤɛɵɜɞɜɚɷɬɚɩɚ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɡɪɵɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɡɜɢɯɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɣ ɩɵɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɦɭ ɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɤɨ ɩɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɜɟɪ ɞɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɫɟɜɲɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧ ɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɫɜɟɠɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶ ɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɵɥɟɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ
ȼ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɦɢ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɵɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɢ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ ɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɵɥɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ɇɟɥɤɨ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ ɫ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɢɧ ɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɩɥɚ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɜɡɪɵɜɚɩɵɥɟɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ ɉɥȼɋ ɜɩɪɨ ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɧɟɦɧɟɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɢɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɡɜɢɯɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɵɥɢ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨ ɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɩɵɥɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ
ɚɫɚɦɚ ɭɛɨɪɤɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɜɥɚɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɭɸ.
ɉɵɥɟɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɵɥɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ.
1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɵɥɢɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɵɥɢ
52
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɢ
4.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɸ
5.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɉɥȼɋ
6.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɵɥɢ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɩɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
|
mɩɥ mɚ qWɡ |
9 |
ɝɞɟ mɚ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɤɝ; |
|
|
|
T ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɤɝ ɫ; |
|
|
Wɡ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 1 ɫ ɟɫɥɢɧɟɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
|
ɫ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ |
|
|
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɵɥɢ |
|
|
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ |
|
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ |
|
|
|
mɩɨ jɞ Fɞ n ɞ Kɞ + jɬ Fɬ nɬ .ɬ W ɩ Ʉɝ |
|
ɝɞɟ jɞ jɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɤɝ ɫ ɦ
Fɞ Fɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɢɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɩɵɥɢ
nɞ nɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ W ɩ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɵɥɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ;
Ʉɝ ɞɨɥɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɣ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ Ʉɝ ; Ʉɞ Ʉɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɟɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɭɛɨɪɤɟɩɪɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ
ɩɪɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɣ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɉɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɧ ɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ
ji mɩ mɱ SW
ɝɞɟ mɩ mɱ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹ ɫ ɩɵɥɶɸ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ S ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹ
W ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɚ
53
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɢɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞ ɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɢ
Ɇɚɫɫɭ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɵɥɢ m* ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
|
m mɩɥ Kɩ mɩɨ Kɜɡ |
|
ɝɞɟ mɩɥ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ʉɩ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɵɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɨɡ
ɞɭɯɟ ɩɵɥɢ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɩɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣ ɢɡ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ
|
od t |
|
ɦɤɦ |
|
° |
|
|
||
Kn ® |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
° |
od ɦɤɦ |
|
||
¯ |
|
|
|
|
d ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɦɤɦ;
mɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
Ʉɜɡ ɞɨɥɹ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɵɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɡɜɟ ɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ Ʉɜɡ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɸ
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɜɧɚ
|
mɫɬɯ = Uɫɬɯ V |
|
|
||
ɝɞɟ Uɫɬɯ ɝ ɦ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɵɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ |
|||||
|
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ |
||||
|
Uɫɬɯ | ɋɧɤɩɪ |
|
4 |
||
|
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɉɥȼɋ |
|
|||
|
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ |
|
|||
|
Vɉɥȼɋ |
min{mɫɬɯ |
;m*} |
. |
5 |
|
Uɫɬɯ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɩɵɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
] |
min{Vɉɥȼɋ |
;V |
} |
. |
6 |
V |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
54
5 ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȖȕȘȒȌȋȘșȉȏȐ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ
2.5.1. ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȖȕȘȒȌȋȘșȉȏȐ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ ȉ ȖȕȓȌȠȌȔȏȏ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸ ɳɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜ ɲɢɦɢɬɪɚɜɦɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɢɦɢɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱ ɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɬɧɟɫɟ ɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 6 ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹȾɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɑɋ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɑɋ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɟɬɚ ɨɫɤɨɥɤɨɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɪɶɤɨɜ Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɡɚɞɵɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪ ɉɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɑɋɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɟɤɜɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧ ɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɧɢɣ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟ ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪ ɫɨɧɚɥ
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɫɢ ɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɦɟɧɵ
55
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɵ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸ ɳɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɟ ɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦ ɪɚɡ ɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɤ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7 ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟ ɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɚ ɛɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɉɪɢɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɢɩɨɥɧɵɯɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɟ ɡɚɜɚ ɥɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɰɟɥɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
2.5.2. ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȖȕȘȒȌȋȘșȉȏȐ ȋȌșȕȔȇȝȏȕȔȔȕȊȕ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ ȋȒȦ ȘȓȌȍȔȕȊȕ ȕȈȡȌȑșȇ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸ ɳɟɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣɭɞɚɪɧɨɣɜɨɥɧɵ ȼɍȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɩɨɪɚ ɠɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ȼɍȼ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ
Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ȼɍȼ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬ ɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɍȼ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɍȼ ɹɜ ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɍȼ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ȼɍȼ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɚɹɜɨɥɧɚɢɨɰɟɧɤɭɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɢɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɟɟ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ
ȿɫɥɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟɢɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɬ ɩ
56
Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɛɨɤɨɜɵɯɫɬɟɧɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɪɚɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɍȼ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɧɚɛɟɝɚ ɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɣɜɨɥɧɵɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɜɧɭɬɪɶɩɨɦɟɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨ ɥɨɧɧɵ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ
6 ǮȇȋȇȔȏȌ Ȕȇ ȗȇȘȞȌș ȖȇȗȇȓȌșȗȕȉ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
xɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
xɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
xɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟ ɧɢɹ
Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɦɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
xɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ Tp Tv n
G H E J 0 Qv
xɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ Ɇ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ] ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ Va l lɩ d dɩ 'Pɪɚɛ tɪɚɛ q Wɡ Ⱥɜ V Tɩ
Fɨɛɳ
xɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ R P T D Qɬɧɬ '3– ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ .
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵ ɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ
xɫɪɨɱɧɚɹɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯɫɢɥɚɦɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɫɨ ɧɚɥɚ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ
xɪɚɡɛɨɪ ɡɚɜɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɭɰɟɥɟɜɲɢɯ
xɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɑɋ
57
|
|
|
ǹȇȈȒȏȝȇ |
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɫɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ |
|||
ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
|||
|
|
|
|
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
'Pmax |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
|||
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ |
'Pɞ |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɂɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ |
'Pɞɯ |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɩɢɤɚ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
iɞ |
ɤɉɚ ɫ |
|
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɮɚɡɵ |
iɞ |
ɤɉɚ ɫ |
|
|
|
||
ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ȼɍȼ |
ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ |
5 |
|
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ |
'Pɮ |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ |
i |
ɤɉɚ ɫ |
|
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
W |
c |
|
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ |
'Pɨɬɪ |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
|
||
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
'P |
ɤɉɚ |
|
|
|
||
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
i |
ɤɉɚ ɫ |
|
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
i |
ɤɉɚ ɫ |
|
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ |
H |
|
|
|
|
||
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
t |
ɫ |
|
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
V |
ɦ |
|
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɚ ɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɟɧɵɫɦɟɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɢ ɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ
ɟɝɨ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɛ ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɛɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ȼɍȼ
xɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
xɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
xɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
xɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
xɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
58
dzǬǹǵǫǯDZǧ ǷǧǸǾǬǹǧ ǶǷǬǫǵǼǷǧǴǯǹǬDzȃǴȂǼ DZǵǴǸǹǷǺDZǽǯǰ
ǵȈȕȘȔȕȉȇȔȏȌ ȏ ȉȢȈȕȗ ȖȚșȌȐ ȘȔȏȍȌȔȏȦ ȖȕȘȒȌȋȘșȉȏȐ ȋȌțȒȇȊȗȇȝȏȕȔȔȕȊȕ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɉɄɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɞɨɪɨɝɨɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɞɪɭ ɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
3.1.1. ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȉȕȎȓȕȍȔȕȘșȏ ȘȔȏȍȌȔȏȦ ȇȉȇȗȏȐȔȕȐ ȓȇȘȘȢ ȊȕȗȥȞȌȊȕ ȉȌȠȌȘșȉȇ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ 'Pɞɨɩ 5 ɤɉɚ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɡɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɦ
mɞɨɩ |
ɫɫɬɯUɫɬɯV |
'P |
. |
|
|
||
|
'Pmax |
|
|
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ y15 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ mɞɨɩ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɯ Ʌȼɀ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨ ɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ
3.1.2. ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȉȕȎȓȕȍȔȕȘșȏ ȏ ȝȌȒȌȘȕȕȈȗȇȎȔȕȘșȏ ȚȉȌȒȏȞȌȔȏȦ ȑȗȇșȔȕȘșȏ ȇȉȇȗȏȐȔȕȐ ȉȌȔșȏȒȦȝȏȏ ȑȗȕȓȌ ȘȒȚȞȇȦ ǶȒǩǸ
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ mɞɨɩ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɜ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢ ɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ P Pɞɨɩ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ
59
|
Ⱥɬɪ Ɇɪɚɫɱ í mɞɨɩ mɞɨɩWɡ ɱí1 |
|
ɝɞɟ Ɇɪɚɫɱ – ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ ɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱí1.
3.1.3. ǵȝȌȔȑȇ ȉȕȎȓȕȍȔȕȘșȏ ȏ ȝȌȒȌȘȕȕȈȗȇȎȔȕȘșȏ ȚȓȌȔȣȟȌȔȏȦ ȖȒȕȠȇȋȏ ȗȇȎȒȏȉȇ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ ɂɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɜ ɲɟɣɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
mɢ = WɢFɢWɪ |
|
|||||
ɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
m* |
|
mu |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
A W |
p |
|
|
1 |
|
ɜ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
||
ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹɜɦɟɫɬɨPɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦɚɫɫɵmɞɨɩ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ
|
Fɞɨɩ ={mɞɨɩ WɢWp ` ^mɞɨɩ Ⱥɜ Wɢ ` |
|
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɞɨ ɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
3.1.4. ǩȢȈȕȗ șȏȖȇ ȓȌȗȕȖȗȏȦșȏȐ ȘȔȏȍȇȥȠȏȜ ȖȕȘȒȌȋȘșȉȏȦ ȉȎȗȢȉȇ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɭɬɟɣɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɞɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɚɩɪɢɟɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ
60