Моделирование предохранительных конструкций. Учебное пособие
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ǺȞȌȈȔȕȌ ȖȕȘȕȈȏȌ
dzȕȘȑȉȇ ǩȕȒȕȊȋȇ
ªǯȔțȗȇ-ǯȔȍȌȔȌȗȏȦ«
2024
ɍȾɄ 614.8 ȻȻɄ 68.9
Ɍ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɉɚɲɢɧɢɧ ȼɚɥɟɪɢɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɢɱ;
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɍɝɚɪɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ
Ɍɚɬɚɪɢɧɨɜ ȼ ȼ Ɍ Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ȼ ȼ Ɍɚ
ɬɚɪɢɧɨɜ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ; ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ ɂɧɮɪɚ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ 4. – ɫ ɢɥ ɬɚɛɥ ISBN 978 5 9
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɚɯ ɝɚɡɨ ɩɚɪɨ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧ ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɚɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɦ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɝɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɢɫɤɟ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɩɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª Ɇɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɟɦɢɧɚ ɪɚɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɩɨɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ©Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɢ ©ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹª ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢ ɩɥɢɧ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª
ɍȾɄ 614.8 ȻȻɄ 68.9
ISBN 978 5 1 9 |
Ɍɚɬɚɪɢɧɨɜ ȼ ȼ 4 |
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© ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 4 |
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Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 4 |
2
ǸǵǫǬǷǭǧǴǯǬ |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ .................................................................................................................. |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.................................................................................................................. |
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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ......................................................................................................................................... |
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ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɉɈɇəɌɂə ɌȿɊɆɈȾɂɇȺɆɂɄɂ.................................................................. |
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Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ .......................................................................................... |
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ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.............................................................................................. |
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Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ.................................................................................................. |
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Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.............................................. |
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ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.............................................. |
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ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ......................................................................................................... |
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ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ........................................................................................ |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ...................................................................................... |
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Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.......................................................................................... |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ...................................................................................... |
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ɗɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ....................................................................................................................... |
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Ɍɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ.................................................................................................................. |
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ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ǻU ɢ ǻH ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ................................................ |
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Ʉ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ .............................................................................................. |
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ɆȿɌɈȾɂɄȺ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ȼɁɊɕȼɇɕɏ ȼɈɅɇ |
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ɉɊɂ ɇȿɉɊȿȾɇȺɆȿɊȿɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɕɏ ȼɁɊɕȼȺɏ ȽȺɁɈ ɉȺɊɈ |
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ɂ ɉɕɅȿȼɈɁȾɍɒɇɕɏ ɋɆȿɋȿɃ............................................................................................ |
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Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ............................................................................................................ |
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ȼɨɡɞɭɯ ɤɚɤ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɹɯ........................... |
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Ƚɨɪɸɱɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫɦɟɫɢ...................................................................................... |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ....................................................................................................... |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ .................... |
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Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɦɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ƚɟɫɫɚ ........................................................ |
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Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ............................................................................................... |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɛɪɭɬɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ |
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ɢ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ................................................................ |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ......................................................... |
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ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ.................................................................. |
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ɂɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ .......................................................................... |
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ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ................................ |
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ɉɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ |
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ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ................................................................................................... |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ............. |
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Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ............................ |
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Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɚɡɨɦ................................. |
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Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ.................................................................................. |
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Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ....................................... |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ............................................................................................ |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ............................................................ |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ................ |
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Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ........................................................................... |
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ɆȿɌɈȾɂɄȺ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ɉɊȿȾɈɏɊȺɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ............................ |
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Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ...... |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.............. |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɉɥȼɋ ................................................................. |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ........ |
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ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ............................... |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ...................................................... |
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ɇɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ.......................................................................................................................... |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ |
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ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ........................................................................................................................ |
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Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ................................................... |
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ɉɊɂɆȿɊ ɉɊɈȼȿȾȿɇɂə ɊȺɋɑȿɌɈȼ ................................................................................. |
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ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ........................................................................................ |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ |
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ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ................................... |
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ɇɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ...................... |
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ɇɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ |
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ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ............................................................................................................. |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ........... |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ................ |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ |
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ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ......................................................................... |
74 |
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ....................... |
74 |
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ...................................................................... |
75 |
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ................................................................................................................................... |
77 |
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ.................................................................................................................................... |
78 |
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ............................................................................................................ |
79 |
Ƚɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɢɫɤɟ |
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ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.............................................................................................................. |
81 |
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦ.................................................................... |
115 |
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ . ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ...................................................................................... |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ........................................................................................... |
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4
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ǵȘȔȕȉȔȢȌ ȘȕȑȗȇȠȌȔȏȦ |
ȼɄɉȼ |
ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ |
ȼɍȼ |
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ |
Ƚɋ |
ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ |
Ƚȼɋ |
ɝɚɡɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ |
Ʌȼɀ |
ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ |
ɇɄɉȼ |
ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɉɪȼɋ |
ɩɚɪɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ |
ɉɄ |
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ |
ɉɥȼɋ |
ɩɵɥɟɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ |
ɌɇɌ |
ɬɪɢɧɢɬɪɨɬɨɥɭɨɥ |
ɋɈɀ |
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ |
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ǵȘȔȕȉȔȢȌ ȕȈȕȎȔȇȞȌȔȏȦ |
ɪ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɋ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɋ ɤɉɚ |
Ɍ |
ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
Ɍ |
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɍ Ʉ °ɋ |
Q |
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ |
QɌ |
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɬɪɢɧɢɬɪɨɬɨɥɭɨɥɚ QɌ ɤȾɠ ɤɝ |
S |
ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ |
U |
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
R |
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ R ɤȾɠ ɤɦɨɥɶǜɄ |
H |
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ |
ɋ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ |
ɋv |
ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ |
ɋɪ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ |
Į |
ɨɛɴɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ Į |
ɫɫɬɯ |
ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ |
0 |
ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ |
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J |
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ |
G |
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
İɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ȗ |
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
Uɧ |
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
Uɩɥ |
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ |
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5 |
Uɞ |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ |
|
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Uɫɦ |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ |
|
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W |
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
ǻP |
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
ǻPmax |
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ |
ǻPɞ |
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ |
ǻPɞɯ |
ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɤɚ |
ǻɊɮ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ |
ǻPɨɬɪ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ |
ǻPɜɫɤ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ |
ǻPɞɨɩ |
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ |
i |
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ |
iɞ |
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
iɞ |
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ |
t |
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
V |
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
Aɜ |
ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ |
a |
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
Fɨɛɳ |
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ |
Ʉs |
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɵɥɢ |
ǻPɪɚɛ |
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ |
Va |
ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ |
l |
ɞɥɢɧɚ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
d |
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɬɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
lɩ |
ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
dɩ |
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
IJɡ |
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚɝɥɭɲɟɤ |
Rɨɛ |
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ |
ǻPɞɨɩ |
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
ǻPɜɫɤ |
ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ |
J J ... |
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ |
G G |
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ |
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6
ǩǩǬǫǬǴǯǬ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɢ ɬɹ ɠɟɥɵɟ ɭɜɟɱɶɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɳɟɪɛɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤɚ ɊȺɇ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɚ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ ©Ɍɟɪɦɨɝɚɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɬɭɪɛɢɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢª ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ ɇ ɗ Ȼɚɭɦɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɱɪɟɡ ɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɷɤɡɨɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ – ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɞɨɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɬɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɧɟɬ
ɉɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
xɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ
xɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ;
xɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ
xɨɛɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɟɬɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ
xɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚ ɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɸ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɝɨɪɟɧɢɹɜ ɞɟɬɨɧɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɟɮɥɚɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
7
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɬɪɭɞɚ ȽɈɋɌɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ í6.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɨ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɨ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɚɜɚ ɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɫɥɢɜ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ ɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɚɪɨɤ
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟ ɬɨɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
xɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
xɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ
xɨɬɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨ
xɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
xɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɮɥɟɝɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
xɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯɨɩɚɫɧɵɯɢɜɪɟɞɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
xɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ
xɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɝɧɟɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɵɥɟ ɜɵɯ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɨɜ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɫ
xɨɛɜɚɥɨɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɛɭɧɤɟɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɛɢɧɚɯ
xɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɦ ɛɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ
xɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
xɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
8
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:
xɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚ ɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
xɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɪɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢ ɧɨɪɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
xɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɢɫɤɟ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢ ɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɭ Ɉɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ ©Ȼɟɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢª ɢ ©ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹª ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶª
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɸɸɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ©Ɂɚ ɳɢɬɚ ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɚª ɆȽɌɍ ɢɦ ɇ ɗ Ȼɚ ɭɦɚɧɚ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬɭ Ɍɢɬɨɪɟɧɤɨ Ʌɟɨɧɚɪɞɭ ɉɟɬɪɨ ɜɢɱɭ – ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɸ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ
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ǵǸǴǵǩǴȂǬ ǶǵǴȆǹǯȆ ǹǬǷdzǵǫǯǴǧdzǯDZǯ
ǹȌȗȓȕȋȏȔȇȓȏȞȌȘȑȇȦ ȘȏȘșȌȓȇ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ȼɫɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɫ ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɚɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɨɣɤɚɤ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ.
ǸșȌȖȌȔȏ ȘȉȕȈȕȋȢ ȘȏȘșȌȓȢ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ Ɋɨɞ ɫɬɟ ɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɬɟɯ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟ ɞɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɜɟɪ ɞɵɯ ɬɟɥ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɬɟɥɚɦɢ
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