- •Федеральное агентство связи
- •канд. филос. наук Логутова М.А.
- •Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов технических специальностей первого и второго курсов, а также студентов заочного факультета всех технических специальностей как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы.
- •Практическое пособие составлено на основе современных аутентичных текстов и статей на английском языке. Статьи взяты из оригинальных источников с учетом их информативности и соответствия научно-техническим достижениям.
- •Оглавление
- •Telegraph
- •Computers
- •Telephone
- •(СибГУТИ)
- •А. В. Фирсова
- •АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
- •Reading & Translating Proficiency
- •Учебное пособие
- •Новосибирск
- •Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом СибГУТИ
- •Рецензенты: канд. пед. наук, доцент Фенина Н.Г.
- •Telegraph
- •History of Telegraph
- •Electrical Telegraph
- •Samuel Morse
- •The Birth of the Recording Telegraph
- •Samuel Morse Petitions to Build Telegraph Line
- •Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents
- •Introduction to the Art of Photography
- •Building of the First Telegraph Line
- •First Commercial Telegraph Line
- •Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code
- •Replacing the Pony Express
- •Before Photography
- •The First Photographers
- •Negative to Positive Process
- •Other Early Processes
- •Flexible Roll Film
- •Photographic Prints
- •Instant Photography
- •Early Cameras
- •Modern Cameras
- •Digital Cameras
- •Flashlights and Flashbulbs
- •Photographic Filters
- •Robotics
- •Robotics Theory and Science Fiction
- •First Robots Emerge
- •Timeline of Computerized Robotics
- •Modern Robotics
- •Electromagnet
- •Invention of the First Electromagnet
- •Improvements on Sturgeon's Invention
- •Sturgeon's Later Life
- •Electromagnetic waves
- •Heinrich Hertz
- •Hertz's Education
- •Hertz's Work and Discoveries
- •What Hertz Missed
- •Other Scientific Interests
- •Honors
- •Electricity and Electronics
- •Humans and electricity
- •Generating electricity
- •Speed of light
- •What Is Light?
- •What Is the Speed of Light?
- •Lightspeed and Gravitational Waves
- •Travel Times for Light
- •Semiconductor
- •Electron Doping
- •History of Semiconductors
- •Transistor
- •Basic Point-Contact Transistor Structure
- •Benefits of Transistors
- •Microchip
- •What Is a Microchip?
- •How Microchips Are Made
- •Uses of the Microchip
- •Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
- •Integrated Circuit (Microchip)
- •Why the Integrated Circuit Was Needed
- •Patents for the Integrated Circuit
- •Commercial Release
- •Electrical Current
- •Units for Electrical Current
- •Ohm's Law Governing Electrical Current
- •Direct Current
- •Alternating Current
- •CMOS Inverter
- •Lasers
- •Before the Laser
- •The Ruby Laser
- •The Gordon Gould Laser
- •The Gas Laser
- •Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser
- •Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser
- •Walker's Laser Telemetry
- •Laser Eye Surgery
- •Best Flashcard Study App: Flashcards+
- •Best Overall Study App: Evernote
- •Best Scanner Study App: Scanner Pro
- •Best Exam Tracking Study App: Exam Countdown Lite
- •Computers
- •The 8 Best Study Apps to Get in 2020
- •Best Free: My Study Life
- •Best Organizational Study App: iStudiez Pro Legend
- •Best Brainstorming Study App: XMind
- •Best Notetaking Study App: Dragon Anywhere
- •History of Computers
- •The Language Before the Hardware
- •The Earliest Processors
- •Dawn of Modern Computers
- •Transitioning Toward Transistors
- •History of Supercomputers
- •When Supercomputers Were Invented
- •Seymour Cray Goes Solo
- •More Computer Designers Emerge
- •Intel Joins the Race
- •History of Tablet Computers
- •One million pixels
- •The early tablets
- •PDAs: when tablets were simpler
- •The first true tablets
- •The iPad gets it right
- •History of Apple Computers
- •The Early Years
- •The Macintosh Computer
- •The iMac and the iPod
- •The iPhone
- •Compact Disk/CD
- •The Floppy Disk
- •The Computer Keyboard
- •The Computer Mouse
- •Printers
- •Computer Memory
- •History of the Computer Keyboard
- •The QWERTY Keyboard
- •Early Breakthroughs
- •Video Display Terminals
- •Electronic Impulses and Hand-Held Devices
- •The Pen Is Not Mightier Than the Keyboard
- •Why Keyboards Persist
- •Thumbs and Voice
- •History of Ethernet
- •Robert Metcalfe and Ethernet
- •Robert Metcalfe Today
- •UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
- •Inside the Technology
- •Global Roaming
- •UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) – универсальная мобильная телекоммуникационная система
- •The Modern Smartphone
- •Who Invented Smartphones?
- •PDAs and Cell Phones
- •Smartphone Mania Spreads From East to West
- •Apple’s iPhone
- •Bluetooth Invention
- •The Somewhat Dark Backstory
- •Bluetooth’s Swedish Origins
- •Lack of Competition
- •WiFi
- •What Is WiFi?
- •How Does WiFi Work?
- •Who Invented WiFi?
- •Who Owns the WLAN Patent?
- •Invention of Radio Telegraphy
- •Space Telegraphy
- •Broadcasting Begins
- •Radio Waves
- •Radio Waves in Astronomy
- •Sources of Radio Waves in the Universe
- •Radio Astronomy
- •Radio Interferometry
- •Radio's Relationship to Microwave Radiation
- •Spot Beam
- •Transponder
- •Active Transponders
- •Passive Transponders
- •GPS Jammer
- •Operation of GPS
- •Application of GPS jammers
- •Ku Band
- •Ku Band Difficulties
- •Ku Band Satellite Service Downlink Usage Frequency Range
- •Ku Band Dish Antenna Compatibility
- •Importance of Satellite Antenna Dish Parabola
- •Television
- •TV-GPS Technology
- •Components of a TV-GPS System
- •How the Basic TV-GPS System Works
- •Geostationary Satellite
- •How Television works
- •Main Elements of the TV Process
- •Video Source
- •Transmitter
- •Receiver (TV set)
- •Display Device
- •Sound Device
- •Three Major Ways to Receive TV Signals
- •Broadcast Television
- •Satellite TV
- •Cable TV
- •TV Technology Elements
- •Cathode Ray Tube
- •Color Process
- •How to Create Color
- •Antenna
- •Picture Quality
- •Data routing
- •Censorship
- •Zapps
- •Zoom virtual backgrounds
- •How to use virtual backgrounds on desktop.
- •How to use virtual backgrounds on the mobile app
- •Touch up my appearance
- •Vocabulary:
- •beta version – тестовая версия
- •host conferences – проводить конференции
- •end-to-end encryption
- •АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
- •Reading & Translating Proficiency
A transmitter not only transmits one channels audio or video signal, but in most cases many different channels.
Receiver (TV set)
A receiver is usually integrated in your TV set and this receiver is able to grab radio waves (the transmitted signal) and process these radio waves back to audio and video electric signals that can now be played on your TV set.
Display Device
A display device is usually a TV set, but can also be just a monitor. The display device is able to receive electrical signals (usually sent from the receiver) and turn these electrical signals to a viewable image. Most standard TV sets incorporate a cathode ray tube (CRT), however new display devices can include LCD (liquid crystal display) and Plasma (gas charged display) display devices among others.
Sound Device
While most sound devices are built into your TV set in the form of speakers. Audio signals are obviously needed to match up with the video being shown to the viewer. Many newer TV sets have outputs to send the TV sound to high quality speakers that reproduce sound much better. Since audio signals can include surround sound technology, the TV set is able to send audio signals to the proper speakers located around your room.
Three Major Ways to Receive TV Signals
There are three major ways to receive television broadcasts. They include Broadcast TV, Cable TV and Satellite TV.
Broadcast Television
Broadcast TV is usually defined as TV signals which are transmitted from a terrestrial source, usually a transmission tower. Most broadcast TV signals are free to anyone with a receiver to pick them up. They include traditional TV channels that broadcast standard TV signals on specific radio frequencies.
Television signals are transmitted on a range of radio frequencies (RF) that includes Bands III, IV and V.
The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has allocated 6 MHz of bandwidth for each TV channel. Each TV channels is on one of 3 bands ranging from Bands III, IV or V. Here is the breakdown:
Band III
Channels 2 to 6 (54 to 88 MHz) Band IV
Channels 7 to 13 (174-216 MHz) Band V 
Channels 14 to 83 (470 to 890 MHz)
VHF (Very High Frequencies) are channels that include channels 2 to 13. UHF (Ultra High Frequencies) are channels that usually include channels 14 to 83.
The Reason for using these Bands is that these radio frequencies are great for carrying TV signals (both audio and video signals). These bands provide high quality audio and video with reatively low interference. These radio waves have a long range and can penetrate structures such as walls and building exteriors.
Satellite TV
Satellite TV uses a different form of transmission. Instead of transmitting signals from the ground, satellite TV transmits from satellites orbiting the earth. Satellite sig-
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