- •Федеральное агентство связи
- •канд. филос. наук Логутова М.А.
- •Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов технических специальностей первого и второго курсов, а также студентов заочного факультета всех технических специальностей как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной работы.
- •Практическое пособие составлено на основе современных аутентичных текстов и статей на английском языке. Статьи взяты из оригинальных источников с учетом их информативности и соответствия научно-техническим достижениям.
- •Оглавление
- •Telegraph
- •Computers
- •Telephone
- •(СибГУТИ)
- •А. В. Фирсова
- •АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
- •Reading & Translating Proficiency
- •Учебное пособие
- •Новосибирск
- •Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом СибГУТИ
- •Рецензенты: канд. пед. наук, доцент Фенина Н.Г.
- •Telegraph
- •History of Telegraph
- •Electrical Telegraph
- •Samuel Morse
- •The Birth of the Recording Telegraph
- •Samuel Morse Petitions to Build Telegraph Line
- •Samuel Morse Applies for European Patents
- •Introduction to the Art of Photography
- •Building of the First Telegraph Line
- •First Commercial Telegraph Line
- •Improved Telegraph Mechanism and Code
- •Replacing the Pony Express
- •Before Photography
- •The First Photographers
- •Negative to Positive Process
- •Other Early Processes
- •Flexible Roll Film
- •Photographic Prints
- •Instant Photography
- •Early Cameras
- •Modern Cameras
- •Digital Cameras
- •Flashlights and Flashbulbs
- •Photographic Filters
- •Robotics
- •Robotics Theory and Science Fiction
- •First Robots Emerge
- •Timeline of Computerized Robotics
- •Modern Robotics
- •Electromagnet
- •Invention of the First Electromagnet
- •Improvements on Sturgeon's Invention
- •Sturgeon's Later Life
- •Electromagnetic waves
- •Heinrich Hertz
- •Hertz's Education
- •Hertz's Work and Discoveries
- •What Hertz Missed
- •Other Scientific Interests
- •Honors
- •Electricity and Electronics
- •Humans and electricity
- •Generating electricity
- •Speed of light
- •What Is Light?
- •What Is the Speed of Light?
- •Lightspeed and Gravitational Waves
- •Travel Times for Light
- •Semiconductor
- •Electron Doping
- •History of Semiconductors
- •Transistor
- •Basic Point-Contact Transistor Structure
- •Benefits of Transistors
- •Microchip
- •What Is a Microchip?
- •How Microchips Are Made
- •Uses of the Microchip
- •Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
- •Integrated Circuit (Microchip)
- •Why the Integrated Circuit Was Needed
- •Patents for the Integrated Circuit
- •Commercial Release
- •Electrical Current
- •Units for Electrical Current
- •Ohm's Law Governing Electrical Current
- •Direct Current
- •Alternating Current
- •CMOS Inverter
- •Lasers
- •Before the Laser
- •The Ruby Laser
- •The Gordon Gould Laser
- •The Gas Laser
- •Hall's Semiconductor Injection Laser
- •Patel's Carbon Dioxide Laser
- •Walker's Laser Telemetry
- •Laser Eye Surgery
- •Best Flashcard Study App: Flashcards+
- •Best Overall Study App: Evernote
- •Best Scanner Study App: Scanner Pro
- •Best Exam Tracking Study App: Exam Countdown Lite
- •Computers
- •The 8 Best Study Apps to Get in 2020
- •Best Free: My Study Life
- •Best Organizational Study App: iStudiez Pro Legend
- •Best Brainstorming Study App: XMind
- •Best Notetaking Study App: Dragon Anywhere
- •History of Computers
- •The Language Before the Hardware
- •The Earliest Processors
- •Dawn of Modern Computers
- •Transitioning Toward Transistors
- •History of Supercomputers
- •When Supercomputers Were Invented
- •Seymour Cray Goes Solo
- •More Computer Designers Emerge
- •Intel Joins the Race
- •History of Tablet Computers
- •One million pixels
- •The early tablets
- •PDAs: when tablets were simpler
- •The first true tablets
- •The iPad gets it right
- •History of Apple Computers
- •The Early Years
- •The Macintosh Computer
- •The iMac and the iPod
- •The iPhone
- •Compact Disk/CD
- •The Floppy Disk
- •The Computer Keyboard
- •The Computer Mouse
- •Printers
- •Computer Memory
- •History of the Computer Keyboard
- •The QWERTY Keyboard
- •Early Breakthroughs
- •Video Display Terminals
- •Electronic Impulses and Hand-Held Devices
- •The Pen Is Not Mightier Than the Keyboard
- •Why Keyboards Persist
- •Thumbs and Voice
- •History of Ethernet
- •Robert Metcalfe and Ethernet
- •Robert Metcalfe Today
- •UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
- •Inside the Technology
- •Global Roaming
- •UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) – универсальная мобильная телекоммуникационная система
- •The Modern Smartphone
- •Who Invented Smartphones?
- •PDAs and Cell Phones
- •Smartphone Mania Spreads From East to West
- •Apple’s iPhone
- •Bluetooth Invention
- •The Somewhat Dark Backstory
- •Bluetooth’s Swedish Origins
- •Lack of Competition
- •WiFi
- •What Is WiFi?
- •How Does WiFi Work?
- •Who Invented WiFi?
- •Who Owns the WLAN Patent?
- •Invention of Radio Telegraphy
- •Space Telegraphy
- •Broadcasting Begins
- •Radio Waves
- •Radio Waves in Astronomy
- •Sources of Radio Waves in the Universe
- •Radio Astronomy
- •Radio Interferometry
- •Radio's Relationship to Microwave Radiation
- •Spot Beam
- •Transponder
- •Active Transponders
- •Passive Transponders
- •GPS Jammer
- •Operation of GPS
- •Application of GPS jammers
- •Ku Band
- •Ku Band Difficulties
- •Ku Band Satellite Service Downlink Usage Frequency Range
- •Ku Band Dish Antenna Compatibility
- •Importance of Satellite Antenna Dish Parabola
- •Television
- •TV-GPS Technology
- •Components of a TV-GPS System
- •How the Basic TV-GPS System Works
- •Geostationary Satellite
- •How Television works
- •Main Elements of the TV Process
- •Video Source
- •Transmitter
- •Receiver (TV set)
- •Display Device
- •Sound Device
- •Three Major Ways to Receive TV Signals
- •Broadcast Television
- •Satellite TV
- •Cable TV
- •TV Technology Elements
- •Cathode Ray Tube
- •Color Process
- •How to Create Color
- •Antenna
- •Picture Quality
- •Data routing
- •Censorship
- •Zapps
- •Zoom virtual backgrounds
- •How to use virtual backgrounds on desktop.
- •How to use virtual backgrounds on the mobile app
- •Touch up my appearance
- •Vocabulary:
- •beta version – тестовая версия
- •host conferences – проводить конференции
- •end-to-end encryption
- •АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
- •Reading & Translating Proficiency
convergence – совмещение, слияние fray – столкновение
seamlessly – бесшовно, легко, плавно handsets – телефонная трубка
full-fledged smartphones – полноценные смартфоны unorthodox approach – нестандартный подход unveil – открывать, оглашать, представлять
touchscreen-centric design – сенсорный экран-ориентированный дизайн full-blown multimedia powerhouse – полноценный мультимедийный центр
Bluetooth Invention
If you own a smartphone, tablet, laptop, speakers or any of the array of electronic devices on the market today, there's a good chance that, at some point, you've "paired" at least a couple of them together. And while virtually all our personal devices these days are equipped with Bluetooth technology, few people actually know how it got there.
The Somewhat Dark Backstory
Strangely enough, Hollywood and World War II played a pivotal role in the creation of not only Bluetooth, but a multitude of wireless technologies. It all began in 1937 when Hedy Lamarr, an Austrian-born actress, left her marriage to an arms dealer with ties to Nazis and fascist Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fled to Hollywood in hopes of becoming a star. With the support of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio head Louis B. Mayer, who promoted her to audiences as "the world's most beautiful woman," Lamarr notched roles in films such as Boom Town starring Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, Ziegfeld Girl starring Judy Garland, and 1949 hit Samson and Delilah.
Somehow she also found time to do some inventing on the side. Using her drafting table, she experimented with concepts that included a reworked stoplight design and a fizzy instant drink that came in tablet form. Although none of them panned out, it was her collaboration with composer George Antheil on an innovative guidance system for torpedoes that set her on a course to change the world.
Drawing on what she learned about weapons systems while she was married, the two used paper player piano rolls to generate radio frequencies that hopped around as a way to prevent the enemy from jamming the signal. Initially, the U.S. Navy was reluctant to implement Lamarr and Antheil’s spread-spectrum radio technology, but would later deploy the system to relay information about the position of enemy submarines to military aircraft flying overhead.
Today, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are two variations of spread-spectrum radio.
Bluetooth’s Swedish Origins
So who invented Bluetooth? The short answer is Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson. The team effort began in 1989 when the Chief Technology Officer of Ericsson Mobile, Nils Rydbeck, together with a physician named Johan Ullman, commissioned engineers Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson to come up with an optimal "short-link" radio technology standard for transmitting signals between personal
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