The World of Computers and IT. Учебное пособие
.pdfɋ ɘ Ɍɸɪɢɧɚ ȿ Ȼ ɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚ
THE WORLD OF COMPUTERS AND IT
ȼ ɆɂɊȿ ɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊɈȼ ɂ ɂɌ ȺɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɂɃ əɁɕɄ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ
©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª
2024
1
ɍȾɄ 811.111 ȻȻɄ 81.432.1
Ɍ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ ɤɚɧɞ ɮɢɥ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ ȼ ɂ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ ɝ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɨ Ɇ ȼ Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜɚ; ɤɚɧɞ ɮɢɥ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɝ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɘ ȿ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ
Ɍɸɪɢɧɚ ɋ ɘ
Ɍ98 The World of Computers and IT ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɋ ɘ Ɍɸɪɢɧɚ ȿ Ȼ ɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ – 8 ɫ
ɬɚɛɥ
ISBN -5- - -
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ «ɂɧɮɨɪ ɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚª «ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɢª 03 «ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚª «ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª.
ɍȾɄ 811.111 ȻȻɄ 81.432.1
ISBN -5- - - |
Ɍɸɪɢɧɚ ɋ ɘ ɋɬɚɪɨɜɟɪɨɜɚ ȿ Ȼ. 24 |
|
Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɣ Ɇɨɲɤɚɪɢɧ ɨɛɥɨɠɤɚ 24 |
|
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 24 |
|
Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹª 24 |
|
2 |
ВК¿БКДМЗД
|
5 |
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ....................................................................................................................... |
|
Placement test................................................................................................................ |
6 |
8QLW (GXFDWLRQ......................................................................................................... |
8 |
Text 1. Higher education in Great Britain.................................................................. |
8 |
Text 2. World universities........................................................................................ |
11 |
Unit 2 -REV DQG CDUHHU............................................................................................ |
15 |
Text 1. The most popular jobs in the world ............................................................. |
15 |
7H[W ,7 &DUHHUV KRZ WR JHW VWDUWHG...................................................................... |
16 |
Text 3. IT careers description................................................................................... |
1 |
Text 4. Key skills for computer science specialist................................................... |
22 |
Text 5. Microsoft certification programs ................................................................. |
2 |
Unit 3 &RPSXWHUV DQG ,7......................................................................................... |
28 |
Text 1. Computers in our life ................................................................................... |
28 |
Text 2. Internet crime ............................................................................................... |
32 |
Text 3. )XWXUH WHFKQRORJ\ LGHDV WR FKDQJH Whe world ............................................. |
35 |
Unit 4 $UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH.................................................................................... |
38 |
Text 1. What is Artificial Intelligence...................................................................... |
38 |
Text 2. Deep learning vs. machine learning............................................................. |
40 |
Text 3. Artificial intelligence applications............................................................... |
41 |
Text 4. History of artificial intelligence................................................................... |
44 |
Text 5. $, FKDWERW UDFH ChatGPT............................................................................ |
45 |
Unit 5 )DPRXV 6FLHQWLVWV.......................................................................................... |
4 |
Text 1. Famous people in the history of IT.............................................................. |
4 |
Text 2. Who invented Google? ................................................................................ |
52 |
7H[WV IRU 5HDGLQJ ...................................................................................................... |
54 |
Text 1. British education made simple..................................................................... |
54 |
Text 2. Future of Information Technology .............................................................. |
55 |
Text 3. What is Artificial Intelligence?.................................................................... |
56 |
Text 4. Applications of AI........................................................................................ |
58 |
Text 5. What is IoT?................................................................................................. |
5 |
Text 6. Dall-E........................................................................................................... |
61 |
7H[W 9RLFH DVVLVWDQWV KRZ $UWLILFLDO ,QWHOOLJHQFH DVVLVWDQWV DUH FKDQJLQJ RXU |
|
lives every day.......................................................................................................... |
63 |
Text 8. Big Data ....................................................................................................... |
64 |
7H[W 7KH KLVWRU\ RI %LJ 'DWD................................................................................ |
65 |
Text 10. Who was Charles Babbage? ...................................................................... |
66 |
Text 11. Quantum computing................................................................................... |
6 |
Text 12. Different types of operating systems ......................................................... |
68 |
3 |
|
Text 13. Cybercrime................................................................................................. |
|
|
Text 14. Types of cybercrime .................................................................................. |
1 |
|
Text 15. Hacking ...................................................................................................... |
2 |
|
$SSHQGL[ .................................................................................................................... |
|
4 |
Appendix 1. |
Giving a presentation........................................................................... |
4 |
Appendix 2. |
Writing a summary.............................................................................. |
5 |
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ................................................................................................................. |
|
6 |
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ................................................................................................... |
|
|
4
¡БДГДМЗД
ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ 09 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɉɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟ ɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɈɈɉ ȼɈ
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɚɞɟ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ
ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨ ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɫɬ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ.
ȼ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɪɚɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɣ.
5
3ODFHPHQW WHVW
KDW LV LQIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\"
5HDG WKH WH[W FKRRVH WKH ULJKW IRUP RI WKH YHUE 5HWHOO WKH WH[W
Information technology (IT) is the hardware and software that 1. ____ (to use)
WR FUHDWH VWRUH WUDQVPLW DQG GLVSOD\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG GDWD
Information technology is 2. ___ (a WKH -) broad professional category. It 3.
_____ (to include) EXLOGLQJ FRPPXQLFDWLRQV QHWZRUNV VDIHJXDUGLQJ GDWD DQG 4.
____ (to troubleshoot) computer problems.
7\SLFDOO\ ,7 5. ____ (to apply) LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI EXVLQHVV RSHUDWLRQV DV RS posed to technology for personal or entertainment purposes.
The term itself first 6. ____ (to appear) in the article in the +DUYDUG %XVLQHVV 5HYLHZ BBBB RQ in DW . Information technology 8. __ (to exist) in analog form for centuries. The ancient tools are the abacus and even inscriptions of medicinal herbal recipes on rock walls BBBBBB RQ of DW Egyptian temples.
IT 10. ____ (to provide) the meanV WR GHYHORS SURFHVV DQDO\]H H[FKDQJH VWRUH DQG VHFXUH LQIRUPDWLRQ Data processing 11. _____ (to play) a significant role in business practices.
,7 DOVR LQFOXGHV WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI GDWD ZKHWKHU LW LV LQ WKH IRUP RI WH[W YRLFH LPDJH DXGLR or some other form. It 12. ___ (can WR involve) things related to the Internet. This gives IT a whole new meaning since the Internet is its own realm.
IT has become a part of our everyday lives and continues to proliferate into new realms.
&KRRVH WKH EHVW DQVZHU
1. |
_____ name is Robert. |
|
||
a) Me |
b) I |
c) My |
|
|
2. |
They _____ from IT company. |
|||
a) is |
b) are |
c) do |
|
|
3. |
_____ IT company are you from? |
|||
a) What |
b) Who |
c) Where |
||
4.What do you do? I’m _____ tester. |
||||
a) the |
b) a |
c) – |
|
|
5. |
Peter _____ to work at nine o’clock. |
|||
a) comes |
b) come |
c) to come |
||
6. |
_____ you like this operating system? |
|||
a) Are |
b) Have |
c) Do |
||
|
|
|
|
6 |
+DYH \RX BBBB_ a laptop? |
|
||||||
a) any |
b) have |
c) got |
|
||||
8. We don’t have _____ login. |
|
||||||
a) a |
b) any |
c) got |
|
|
|||
BBBB_ some notebooks here. |
|
||||||
a) There’re |
b) There |
c) There’s |
|||||
10. |
They _____ at the office yesterday. |
||||||
a) was |
b) are |
|
c) were |
|
|||
11. |
The office was _____ busy. |
|
|||||
a) very |
b) a lot |
c) many |
|
||||
12. |
Yesterday was the _____ of April. |
||||||
a) third |
b) three |
c) day three |
|||||
13. |
I _____ play computer games at the weekend. |
||||||
a) usually |
|
b) use |
|
c) usual |
|
||
14. |
I _____ in an armchair now. |
|
|||||
a) sitting |
|
b) ‘m sitting |
c) sit |
||||
15. |
My colleague is older _____ me. |
|
|||||
a) then |
b) that |
c) than |
|
||||
16. |
Their car is _____ biggest on the road. |
||||||
a) than |
b) this |
c) the |
|
||||
+H KDV BBBBB SL]]D. |
|
|
|||||
a) ate |
b) eaten |
c) eat |
|
||||
18. |
The _____ have seen the computer game before. |
||||||
a) childs |
b) child |
|
c) children |
||||
,¶YH QHYHU PHW D famous programmer _____ . |
|||||||
a) before |
|
b) already |
c) after |
||||
20. |
_____ |
is very good exercise. |
|
||||
a) Code |
b) To code |
c) Coding |
|||||
21. |
Have you _____ been on a cyber sport competition? |
||||||
a) always |
|
b) ever |
|
c) soon |
|
||
22. |
I can’t _____ |
C++ |
language. |
|
|||
a) programing |
|
b) program |
c) to program |
||||
23. |
Are you _____ for one or two weeks? |
||||||
a) staying |
|
b) stayed |
c) stay |
||||
24. |
We _____ |
like to see the System Analyst. |
|||||
a) would |
|
b) will |
c) are |
|
|||
25. They wRQ¶W FRPH BBBBB WKH\" |
|
||||||
a) won’t |
b) come |
|
c) will |
|
|||
8QLW (GXFDWLRQ
7H[W +LJKHU HGXFDWLRQ LQ *UHDW %ULWDLQ
Pre reading activities
1.$UH \RX JHWWLQJ SULPDU\ VHFRQGDU\ or higher education?
2.Is higher education free in your country? And in other countries?
3.Do more young people go to universities today than they did in the past?
Why?
4. What well-known British universities have you heard of?
Reading activities
5HDG WKH WH[W DQG DQVZHU WKH IROORZLQJ TXHVWLRQV
1.Where can British school-leavers get higher education?
2.What are the general features of higher education institutions?
3.How are Oxford and Cambridge referred to informally?
4.What kind of children do usually matriculate into these universities?
5.What requirements are set for the entry?
6.What facilities does each college have?
What system is at the core of teaching and learning?
8. What degrees do undergraduates and postgraduates study for?How are students at Oxbridge dressed?
10. What sport events take place at the universities?
Higher education iQ %ULWDLQ LV WUDGLWLRQDOO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK XQLYHUVLWLHV WKRXJK education of university standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges
DQG LQVWLWXWHV RI KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ ZKLFK KDYH WKH SRZHU WR DZDUG WKHLU RZQ GHJUHHV Higher education insWLWXWLRQV DUH GLYHUVH UDQJLQJ LQ VL]H PLVVLRQ DQG KLVWRU\ All major higher instiWXWLRQV DUH DXWRQRPRXV ERGLHV DQG HDFK GHWHUPLQHV LWV RZQ
admission policy and requirements. Entry is competitive and specific requirements are set for each course. BritisK XQLYHUVLWLHV DUH FRPSDUDWLYHO\ VPDOO DERXW –8 thousand students. Most universitiHV KDYH IHZHU WKDQ VWXGHQWV VRPH HYHQ OHVV WKDQ
1500 ones.
7KH PDLQ DQG WKH ROGHVW XQLYHUVLWLHV DUH &DPEULGJH DQG 2[IRUG EHLQJ HVWDE lished in the mid-12th century. The universities are informally referred to as Oxbridge. Although efforts are being mDGH WR DWWUDFW PRUH VWXGHQWV IURP VWDWH VFKRROV many of the 14000 undergraduates at each university have been educated at public school. The upper class have traditionally VHQW WKHLU FKLOGUHQ WR 2[EULGJH DOWKRXJK WR many people Oxford and Cambridge seem very remote places where only the very privileged can go.
8
Students at Oxford and Cambridge can be accepted at one of the self-governing colleges. Each college has its own tHDFKLQJ DQG UHVHDUFK VWDII FDOOHG IHOORZV DQG LWV RZQ EXLOGLQJV LQFOXGLQJ a dininJ KDOO D OLEUDU\ D FKDSHO DQG URRPV IRU VWXGHQWV WR
OLYH LQ GXULQJ WKH WHUP 8QWLO WKH V FROOHJHV ZHUH VLQJOH VH[ EXW QRZ DOPRVW DOO are mixed.
The tutorial is at the core of undergraduate teaching and learning at both universities. It offers students a unique learning experience in which they meet regularly ZLWK WKHLU WXWRU HLWKHU RQ D RQH-to-one basis or with one or two other students. Un-
GHUJUDGXDWHV DWWHQG RQ DYHUDJH RQH KRXU-long tutorial every week and undertake considerable preparatory work IRU HDFK WXWRULDO LQFOXGLQJ EDFNJURXQG UHDGLQJ HVVD\- writing and problem-solving. Students also go to lectures that are arranged by the university and open to all students.
Undergraduates at Oxbridge study for a BA (Bachelor of Arts) or BS (Bachelor of 6FLHQFH GHJUHH EXW DIWHU D SHULRG RI WLPH JUDGXDWHV FDQ FRQYHUW WKHLU %DFKHORU
GHJUHH WR 0DVWHU GHJUHH 7KHUH DUH XVXDOO\ WKUHH SRVVLEOH GHJUHHV IRU SRVWJUDGXDWHV MA (MaVWHU RI $UWV RU 06 0DVWHU RI 6FLHQFH XVXDOO\ RQH \HDU 03KLO 0DVWHU RI Philosoph\ XVXDOO\ WZR \HDUV 3K' 'RFWRU RI 3KLORVRSK\ DW OHDVW WKUHH \HDUV
$W 2[IRUG VWXGHQWV VRPHWLPHV KDYH WR ZHDU JRZQV H J ZKHQ WKH\ JR WR VHH college principal. When they take examinations or go to a degree ceremony they must
ZHDU DFDGHPLF GUHVV ZKLFK FRQVLVWV RI D EODFN VXLW RU VNLUW EODFN VKRHV D ZKLWH VKLUW RU EORXVH DQG D EODFN WLH 2Q WRS WKH\ ZHDU WKHLU JRZQ DQG D EODFN KDW ZLWK D IODW
VTXDUH WRS DQG ZKHQ WKH\ JUDGXDWH D KRRG WKDW VKRZV WKHLU VWDWXV $W &DPEULGJH students only have to wear gowns when they matriculate and at graduation.
7KH WZR XQLYHUVLWLHV DUH DFDGHPLF ULYDOV DQG ULYDOV DOVR LQ GHEDWLQJ DQG VSRUW 7KH %RDW 5DFH KHOG HDFK \HDU DURXQG (DVWHU Dttracts national attention. Rugby and cricket teams play against each other in varsiW\ PDWFKHV DV ZHOO DV DJDLQVW SURIHV sional sides.
After reading activities
, 8VH WKH FRUUHFW IRUP RI WKH YHUE
1.Higher education in Britain ______ (to associate) traditionally associated with universities.
2.Higher education institutions _____ (to range) VL]H PLVVLRQ DQG KLVWRU\
3.All major higher institutions ___ (to determine) its own admission policy and requirements.
4.Specific requirements _____ (to set) for each course.
5.Most universities ___ (to have) IHZHU WKDQ VWXGHQWV VRPH HYHQ OHVV than 1500 ones.
6.Cambridge and Oxford universities _____ (to establish) in the mid-12th cen-
tury.
Students at Oxford and Cambridge ____ (to accept) at one of the selfgoverning colleges.
8. 8QWLO WKH V FROOHJHV BBBBB WR EH VLQJOH VH[ EXW QRZ DOPRVW all ____
(to be) mixed.
The tutorial _____ (to offer) students a unique learning experience.
10. 8QGHUJUDGXDWHV BBB WR DWWHQG RQ DYHUDJH RQH KRXU-long tutorial every
week.
11.Students also ____ (to go) to lectures that _____ (to arrange) by the university and open to all students.
12.At Oxford students sometimes ____ (to wear) gowns.
13.The Boat Race _____ (to attract) national attention.
14.Rugby and cricket teams _____ (to play) against each other in varsity
matches.
,, 3XW DOO W\SHV RI TXHVWLRQV
The upper class have tUDGLWLRQDOO\ VHQW WKHLU FKLOGUHQ WR 2[EULGJH DOWKRXJK WR many people Oxford and Cambridge seem very remote places where only the very privileged can go.
,,, 0DWFK WKH ZRUGV DQG WKHLU GHILQLWLRQV
1 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. undergraduate |
a. a member of university staff responsible for the teaching |
||||||||
|
|
|
of a certain number of students |
|
|
||||
2. research |
|
b. a person who has been awarded a first degree from a uni- |
|||||||
|
|
|
versity or college |
|
|
|
|
||
3. postgraduate |
c. a period of intensive tuition given by a tutor to an individ- |
||||||||
|
|
|
ual student or to a small group of students |
|
|||||
4. tutor |
|
d. a student who has not received a bachelor’s degree |
|||||||
5. graduate |
|
e. a student who is taking advanced work after graduation |
|||||||
|
|
|
from a university |
|
|
|
|
||
6. tutorial |
|
f. systematic investigation to collect information on a subject |
|||||||
,9 :RUN ZLWK D SDUWQHU 3UHSDUH D WKUHH-PLQXWH SUHVHQWDWLRQ DERXW \RXU GUHDP XQLYHUVLW\ XVLQJ WKH TXHVWLRQV EHORZ *LYH \RXU SUHVHQWDWLRQ WR WKH FODVV
1.Where is the university located?
2.What courses does it run?
3.How much does the course cost?
10