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1.A computer is any machine or device that can compute and execute instructions given to it in the form of programs.

2.Notebooks are used to write research paper and Word Processing software automatically corrects spelling and grammar mistakes.

3.Computer gaming is achieving new landmarks in terms of technology.

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The role of computes in human life

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Modern computers 4. (to become) one of the most significant achievements of human thought. They 5. (to influence) dramatically on the development of scientific and technological progress.

Computers 6. (to change) the way we work. 7KH\ WR PDNH D UHYROXWLRQ LQ EXVLQHVV HGXFDWLRQ engineerLQJ DQG RWKHU VSKHUHV RI OLIH

It is important for every individual today 8. (to obtain) the basic knowledge of computers.

2QOLQH HGXFDWLRQ WR UHYROXWLRQL]H WKH HGXFDWLRQ LQGXVWU\ Computer technologies 10. (to make) the dream of distance learning a reality. Education is no more limited to classrooms. It 11. (to reach) far and wide thanks to the computer technology.

Physically distant locations 12. (to come) close to each other only due to computer networking. Computers 13. (to turn out) to be a brilliant aid in teaching.

They 14. (to facilitate) an audio-viVXDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI LQIRUPDWLRQ WKXV PDN ing the process of learning interactive and interesting. Computer-aided teaching 15. (to add) a fun element to education

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1.What do we use computers for?

2.What are the results of industrial and computer revolution?

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4.What does Sunil Nagaraj say about the differences of computers in the 50-V in -V DQG LQ WKH -s?

5.What famous names are mentioned in the video?

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Computing LV BBBBBBBBBBB FRPSXWLQJ LV BBBBBBBBBBB ,W LV KRZ ZH

BBBBBBB JHW WKH BBBBBB DQG BBBBBBBBBB ILQDQFH ,W LV KRZ ZH BBBBBBBBBBB FKDW and ______ ______. Computing is _____ and ________ in our daily life.

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; ,9 &RPPHQW RQ WKH IROORZLQJ VWDWHPHQW The story of computing is a human story. It’s about us :KR VDLG WKHVH ZRUGV"

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C\EHUFULPH DOVR FDOOHG FRPSXWHU FULPH WKH use of a computer as an instrument to further illeJDO HQGV VXFK DV FRPPLWWLQJ fraud intellectual SURSHUW\ stealing identities or violating privacy.

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Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computHU QHWZRUNHG device or a network.

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2.Hackers crack Microsoft software codes.

3.Web phone scam

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The Internet provides a wide variety of opportunities for communication and

GHYHORSPHQW EXW XQIRUWXQDWHO\ LW also has its dark side.

&UDFNHUV Rr black-KDW KDFNHUV are computer criminals who use technology to

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Internet-based crimes include sFDP HPDLO IUDXG WR REWDLQ PRQH\ RU YDOXDEOHV DQG SKLVKLQJ EDQN IUDXG to get banking information such as passwords of Internet bank accounts or credit card details. Both crimes use emails or websites that look like those of real organi]DWLRQV

Due to itV DQRQ\PLW\ WKH ,QWHUQHW DOVR SURYLdes the right environment for cybeUVWDONLQJ online haUDVVPHQW RU DEXVH PDLQO\ LQ FKDW URRPV RU QHZVJURXSV

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But by far the most common type of crime involves malware. Malware (malicious software) is software created to damage or alter the computer data or its operations. These are the main types.

Viruses are programs that spread by attaching themselves to executable files or documents. When thH LQIHFWHG SURJUDP LV UXQ the virus propagates to other files or programs on the computer. Some viruses are designed to work at a particular

WLPH RU RQ D VSHFLILF GDWH H J RQ )ULGD\ $Q HPail virus spreads by sending a copy of itself to everyone in an email address book.

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Worms are self-copying programs that have the capacity to move from one computer to anoWKHU ZLWKRXW KXPDQ KHOS E\ H[SORLWLQJ VHFXULW\ IODZV LQ FRPSXWHU networks. Worms are self-contained and don't need to be attached to a document or program the way viruses do.

Trojan horses are malicious programs disguised as innocent-looking files or

HPEHGGHG ZLWKLQ OHJLWLPDWH VRIWZDUH 2QFH WKH\ DUH DFWLYDWHG WKH\ PD\ DIIHFW WKH computer in a variety of ZD\V VRPH DUH MXVW DQQR\LQJ RWKHUV DUH PRUH RPLQRXV creating a backdoor to the computer which can be used to collect stored data. They don't copy themselves or reproduce by infecting other files.

Spyware software designed to collect information from computers for commercial or criminal purposes LV DQRWKHU H[ample of malicious software. It usually comes hidden in fake freeware or shareware applications downloadable from the Internet.

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1.Crackers are computer criminals who …

2.Internet-based crimes include …

3.Internet provides the right environment for ….

4.Malware is software …

5.Viruses are programs that …

6.An email virus spreads by …

Worms are self-copying programs …

8. Trojan horses are malicious programs …Spyware software designed …

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1.Crackers try to find a way to copy the latest game or computer program.

2.A study has revealed that half a million people will automatically open an email they believe to be from their bank and happily send off all their security details.

3.This software's danger is hidden behind an attractive appearance. That's why it is often wrapped in attractive packages promising photos of celebrities like Anna Kournikova or JenniIHU /RSH]

4.There is a particular danger in Internet commerce and emails. Many people believe they have been offered a special gift only to find out later they have been deceived.

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5.'Nimda' spreads by sending infected emails and is also able to infect websitHV VR ZKHQ D XVHU YLVLWV D FRPSURPLVHG ZHEVLWH WKH EURZVHU FDQ LQIHFW WKH computer.

6.(YHU\ GD\ PLOOLRQV RI FKLOGUHQ VSHQG WLPH LQ ,QWHUQHW FKDW URRPs talking to stranJHUV %XW ZKDW PDQ\ RI WKHP GRQW UHDOL]H LV WKDW VRPH RI WKH VXrfers chatting with them may be sexual predators.

A.People shouldn't buy cracked software or download music illegally from the Internet.

B.Be suspicious of wonderful offers. Don't buy if you aren't sure.

C.It's dangerous to give personal information to people you contact in chat

rooms.

D.Don't open attachments from people you don't know even if the subject looks attractive.

E.Scan your email and be careful about which websites you visit.

F.Check with your bank before sending information.

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The futurH LV FRPLQJ DQG VRRQHU WKDQ \RX WKLQN 7KHVH HPHUJLQJ WHFKQRORJLHV will change the way we live.

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Technology moves at a relentlessly fast pace in the modern world. For instaQFH WKHUH DUH artificial intelligence programs writing poems from scratch and making images from nothing more than a worded prompt. There are 3D-prLQWHG H\HV QHZ hoORJUDPV ODE-JURZQ IRRG DQG EUDLQ-reading robots.

The most exciting future technologies are below.

Necrobotics

A team of researchers turned a dead spider into a robot-OLNH JULSSHU JLYHQ WKH ability to pick up other objects. To achieve WKLV WKH\ WDNH D spider and inject it with air. This works because spiders use hydraulics to force their version of blood (haemo-

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5LJKW QRZ WKLV FRQFHSW LV LQ LWV LQIDQW VWDJHV EXW LW FRXOG PHDQ D IXWXUH ZKHUH dead animals are used to further science... it all feels very Frankeinstein-like!

AI image-generation

$V DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH FRQWLQXHV WR SHUIRUP MREV MXVW DV ZHOO DV KXPDQV WKHUH is a new industry to add to the list – the world of art. Researchers at the company OpenAI have created a software that is able to create images from just worded prompts.

Type in ‘a dog wearing a cowboy hat singing in the rain’ and you’ll get a host of completely original images that fit that description. You can even choose what style of art your request will come back in.

The technology known as Dall-E is now its second iteration and the team behind it plans to continue developing it further. In tKH IXWXUH ZH Fould see this technology used to cUHDWH DUW H[KLELWLRQV IRU FRPSDQLHV WR JHW TXLFN RULJLQDO LOOXVWUDWLRQV RU RI FRXUVH WR UHYROXWLRQL]H the way we create memes on the internet.

There is also technology known as Midjourney D $, LPDJH JHQHUDWRU WKDW FUH ates gothic masterpieces with a simple text prompt. We are truly living in the future.

Natural language Processing

Natural language processing is a new trend taking over the internet. While you've most likely seen it LQ XVH LQ *RRJOHV DXWRFRPSOHWH VRIWZDUH RU ZKHQ \RXU

VPDUWSKRQH RIIHUV D SUHGLFWLRQ RI ZKDW \RX DUH WU\LQJ WR W\SH LW LV FDSDEOH RI PXFK smarter things.

OpenAI is a company that makes a chatbot known as ChatGPT FUHDWLQJ SRHPV IURP VFUDWFK H[SODLQLQJ FRPSOH[ WKHRULHV ZLWK HDVH DQG KDYLQJ IXOO-length conversations like it is a human.

ChatGPT is powered by a software known as GPTWUDLQed on billions of examples RI WH[WV WKHQ WDXJKW how to form coherent and logical sentences.

ChatGPT is an example of AI and its future. It has proven its ability to make completely new websites from scraWFK ZULWH HQWLUH length books and even make

MRNHV DOWKRXJK LW FOHDUO\ VWLll hasn't mastered humour yet.

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Internet for everyone

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Google is slowly trying to solve the problem using helium balloons to beam the internet to inDFFHVVLEOH DUHDV ZKLOH )DFHERRN KDV abandoned plans to do the same using drones. They have taken a different approach by launching their own network of shoebox-VL]HG PLFURVDWHOOLWHV Lnto low Earth oUELW ZKLFK wake up a modem plugged into your computer or device when it flies over and delivers your data.

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1.Why is Alan Turing known as the "father of computer science"?

2.What is the Turing Test?

3.What is artificial intelligence?

4.What is the difference between machine learning and neural network?

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ILHOGV RI PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ DQG GHHS OHDUQLQJ ZKLFK DUH IUHTXHQWO\ PHQWLRned in conjunction with artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence is a potentially world-changing technology. It could help cure cancers FRQWURO autonomous cars DQG augment human intelligence. Or it could lead to a robot apocalypse and the downfall of humanity.

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Artificial intelligence or AI simply means software used by computers to mim-

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1.The birth of the artificial intelligence ____ (to denote) by Alan Turing.

2.Turing _______ (to refer) to as the "father of computer science".

3.Turing ______ (to offer) a test where a human interrogator ______ (to try) to distinguish between a computer and human text response.

4.Artificial intelligence _____ (to combine) computer science and robust da-

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5.Artificial _____ (to help) cure cancers FRQWURl autonomous cars DQG augment human intelligence.

6.Artificial intelligence _____ (to mean) software used by computers to mimic aspects of human intelligence.

In the last decade machine learning _____ (to become) extremely powerful.

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Artificial intelligence could help cure cancers control autonomous cars DQG augment human intelligence. Or it could lead to a robot apocalypse and the downfall of humanity.

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1.What is the difference between deep learning and machine learning?

2.What is deep learning comprised of?

3.How do the algorithms of deep learning and machine learning differ?

4.Is machine learning dependent on human intervention to learn?

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Deep learning is comprised of neural networks. “Deep” in deep learning refers to a neural network comprised of more than three layers–which would be inclusive of the inputs and the output–can be considered a deep learning algorithm.

The way in which deep learning and machine learning differ is in how each algorithm learns. Deep learning automates much of the feature extraction piece of the SURFHVV HOLminating some of the manual human intervention required and enabling the use of larger data sets.

&ODVVLFDO RU QRQ-GHHS PDFKLQH OHDUQLQJ LV PRUH GHSHQGHQW RQ KXPDQ LQWHU vention to learn. Human experts determine the hierarchy of features to understand the differences between data inputs XVXDOO\ UHTXLULQJ PRUH VWUuctured data to learn.

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1.Deep learning and machine learning _____ (to use) interchangeably.

2.Deep learning ______ (to comprise) of neural networks.

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