Further steps into dentistry. Учебное пособие для студентов стоматологического факультета
.pdfof a great importance. 4. The article published yesterday points to the necessity of immediate research. 5. Research conducted in the field of medicine was very important. 6. Pain is related to movement. 7. Pain may be precipitated by over exertion and aggravated during cold weather. 8. Patients may present with a single inflamed joint.
ЗАДАНИЕ 80: Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.
1. Having not received any answer I wrote again. 2. Being sent to Omsk he decided to visit his friend. 3. The roentgenogram having been obtained and examined, the patient was operated on. 4. Having opened the experimental room out, the teacher asked us to enter it. 5. Being asked by the patient about his disease, the doctor must carefully think over his answer. 6. Having bandaged the patient’s arm, the nurse helped him to put on his coat.
ЗАДАНИЕ 81: Прочитайте и переведите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.
1. The solution given to the patient was very effective. 2. Oral tuberculosis occurring frequently, its early recognition is of great importance. 3. Having been discharged from the hospital in good condition, he could resume his work at the library. 4. Streptomycin is largely spread being supplied to all the hospitals now. 5. The doctor having prescribed me penicillin injections, my mother went to the chemist’s immediately.
ЗАДАНИЕ 82: Переведите и проанализируйте форму сказуемого.
1. The doctor examined the sick man very carefully. 2. He explained to me a very difficult problem. 3. They felt cold, hungry and tired. 4. I had a feeling that something was wrong. 5. The leaves fall in autumn. 6. The patient has fallen asleep at last. 7. They fell in love with each other at first sight. 8. Something has fallen into my eye. 9. She said that she felt better. 10. He knew she was wrong. 11. They told me he could play the piano. 12. She thought it was raining. 13. We wrote we should arrive in time. 14. He said that
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we mustn’t cross the road against the red light. 15. The University of East Anglia has changed dramatically in the last ten years. 16. Student numbers have reached 13.000 at this University. 17. The University will continue to grow at a significant rate for the foreseeable future. 18. Established in the 1960s, the University is a traditional campus university. 19. Its buildings have been designed by some of the most prominent architects of the 20th century. 20. The campus is compact – no building is more than 15 minutes walk from another. 21. There are nearly 40 clubs through which the students can participate in sport at any standard. 22. Many famous writers visit the University to give readings and take part in discussions. 23. Medical science and research enrich the theoretical knowledge and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. 24. The progress in medicine and in medical education is unthinkable without medical research as an essential activity of all medical schools and their teachers. 25. Medical research and science are the activities which differentiate the university type of education from that of other types of schools. 26. The students are terminated by final examination, defense of the Dissertation, Thesis and granting the scientific degree of PhD. 27. It may be difficult to be experienced physician. 28. We are still running a traditional system of education characterized by training physician for patient care. 29. She was prepared to be an attentive listener. 30. «Please have a look at my hand, Doctor, I have got a sore on it». 31. «Keep warm in bed and try to keep your hands off your face. Go straight to bed.» 32. His family had to move out of London. 33. There is a tobacco epidemic, a fact which is not always recognized. 34. There is a number of anti-smoking activities. 35. Vaccination makes the people able to lead their lives, free from fear of the disease. 36. There will be no more smallpox all over the world. 37. A telegram from Stockholm told Fleming that he had been given the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 38. The prizes were presented by the king of Sweden in a big hall. 39. The disease can cause permanent joint damage. 40. The catheter may also be advanced through the valve. 41. Femoral venous cut down may result in more blood loss.
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ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE CONSTRACTION ЗАДАНИЕ 83: Переведите предложения, обращая внимание
на самостоятельный причастный оборот.
1. Penicillin having been discovered, the mortality rate from many infectious diseases began to fall. 2. The teacher having come, we set to work. 3. The film being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets.
4.The patient having jaundice, the doctor diagnosed hepatitis.
5.The patient having lost weight, the doctor diagnosed cancer.
6.It was very dark, there being no stars in the sky. 7. The professor made the wards, the medical students following him.
ЗАДАНИЕ 84: Соедините предложения так, чтобы получился самостоятельный причастный оборот.
1. My friend was very busy. I couldn’t see him. 2. It was very late. I went home. 3. A nurse gave an injection to the patient. He felt better. 4. The flu is caused by different types of viruses. It is difficult to make a universal vaccine against it. 5. The patient suffered from peritonitis. The doctor took him to the operating room. 6. My brother was admitted to the hospital. We should visit him every day. 7. The child has fallen ill. The mother sent for the doctor.
ЗАДАНИЕ 85: Прочитайте, переведите и проанализируйте предложения, принимая во внимание то, что по значению самостоятельный причастный оборот соответствует придаточному обстоятельственному предложению.
The patient felling better, the |
As (when) the patient felt |
doctor left. |
better, the doctor left. |
It being late, everybody went |
As it was late, every body went |
home. |
home. |
There being nothing to read, |
As there was nothing to read, |
he felt dull. |
he felt dull. |
The discussion over, we turned |
As the discussion was over, we |
on the radio. |
turned on the radio. |
The work done, we went home. |
When the work had been |
|
done, we went home. |
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ЗАДАНИЕ 86: Вместо предложений с самостоятельным причастным оборотом, составьте предложения с придаточным обстоятельственным предложением.
1. The English being conservative, many old traditions are still observed in England. 2. The health resort being popular, one can hardly rent the room there. 3. The weather being bad, we stayed at home. 4. The presence of free gas in the abdominal cavity being revealed, a pathologic process was suggested. 5. The patient having felt bad, all analyses were normal. 6. The work having been done, the students went home. 7. Mean survival was 6 months, with only one third of the patients surviving longer.
ЗАДАНИЕ 87: Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1.Температуру пациента измерили, и медсестра записала её
втемпературный лист. 2. У ребёнка была высокая температура, сыпь покрыла всё тело. 3. Так как опыт был завершён, я позвал профессора. 4. Так как мой брат был болен, я вызвал врача. 5. После того, как врач выписал витамины, его состояние улучшилось. 6. После того, как ему сделали рентген, был поставлен правильный диагноз. 7. Так как мой брат разбил термометр, я не могу измерить температуру.
ЗАДАНИЕ 88.
He thinks (that)
He thought (that)
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
Прочитайте, переведите и проанализируйте:
1.She is writing an article.
2.She writes articles.
3.She wrote an article.
4.She has written an article.
5.She will write an article.
6.She will have written an article by
September 1.
1.She was writing a case.
2.She wrote cases.
3.She had written a case.
4.She would write a case.
5.She would have written it by September 1.
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ЗАДАНИЕ 89: Прочитайте и переведите:
1. She said that she felt better. 2. He knew she was strong. 3. They told me he could make an operation himself. 4. She thought it was raining. 5. He told her he was a freshman (первокурсник). 6. I found out that he had failed in Latin. 7. I did not know you had entered this academy. 8. He said he had been ill for a long time.
ЗАДАНИЕ 90: Прочитайте, переведите и проанализируйте видовременные формы.
1. He was glad she had passed all her exams. 2. He said he would take an active part in the work of the scientific circles. 3. We wrote we should arrive in time. 4. He was told that they would have reached the port by May 25. 5. She said that when we came she would be taking exams. 6. I knew that she had not seen him since they finished school. 7. I learned that she had met a friend with whom she had studied before.
ЗАДАНИЕ 91: Переведите:
1.I knew she could do it. 2. I thought she would be able to do it.
3.He learnt that you were to go there. 4. He said that they would have to go there at once. 5. They said we had to go there at once.
6.She said he did not have to go there. 7. He told us that we must observe the rules. 8. He said that we mustn’t cross the road against the red light.
ЗАДАНИЕ 92: Измените форму глагола в главном предложении на Past Simple и сделайте соответствующие изменения:
1. Everybody is sure that, after his father’s return to Orenburg, he will not lag behind (отставать) his group and will study much better. 2. I know that the meeting has already been held. 3. She is going to the dean’s office to find out what students have already passed all the exams. 4. She promises that by the end of the month they will have finished their work. 5. He knows that if he tells his friend about it they will not be surprised. 6. You tell me you have read this play in translation. I advise you to read it in the original.
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ЗАДАНИЕ 93: Переведите на английский язык:
1. Я думал, что ты знаешь об этом. 2. Мы не знали, что он болен. 3. Мы не знали, что был болен. 4. Он сказал, что ему нравится анатомия. 5. Она сказала, что умеет препарировать. 6. Я не знал, что собрание идет в актовом зале. 7. Мы не думали, что он провалится на экзамене по биологии. 8. Они сказали мне, что кто-то ждет меня в коридоре. 9. Вы сказали, что не можете найти эту книгу. 10. Он ответил, что он не смог достать медицинский журнал. 11. Я не знал, что ребенок еще спит.
ЗАДАНИЕ 94: Поставьте сказуемое в нужную форму:
1. When they (to open) the box, the doctor found that someone already (to take) the case history. 2. When I (to call) for my friend, his mother told me he (to leave) five minutes before. 3. I was sure they (to build) the new hospital by June. 4. He said that before he (to leave), he (to examine) all seriously ill patients. 5. I was thinking what a pleasure it (to be) to see my old friend again I (not to see) him since we (to finish) school. 6. I hoped that they (to receive) my letter by Saturday and (not to expect) me on Sunday. 7. He told me he (not to see) much of her since he (to move) to another place.
MODAL VERBS
ЗАДАНИЕ 95: Переведите предложения. Проверьте себя по ключу.
1.You can find mustard plasters at the chemist’s.
2.He had to be brought to the hospital on a stretcher, as he could not move.
3.Patients with diabetes must not take sugar with their meals.
4.I cannot help you in this case.
5.You should perform this operation at once.
6.We were to meet at 6 o’clock.
7.When I came they were already waiting for me.
8.You will have to get up early tomorrow.
9.He is to deliver this report next week.
10.I was to make all the analysis myself but as I had little time I had
to ask them to help me.
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11.You should consult the oculist tomorrow if the pain persists.
12.This disease may cause serious complications.
13.He needn’t keep the bed.
14.You may walk about the ward.
15.He is not able to do this work in time.
16.We are not allowed to perform such operations yet.
17.I could not answer your letter as I was very busy.
18.This rash might be a symptom of measles.
КЛЮЧ
1.Вы можете найти горчичники в аптеке.
2.Его должны были доставить в больницу на носилках, так как он не мог двигаться.
3.Пациенты с сахарным диабетом не должны принимать сахар с пищей.
4.Я не могу помочь вам в этом случае.
5.Вы сразу должны сделать эту операцию.
6.Мы должны были встретиться в 6 часов. Когда я пришел, они уже ждали меня.
7.Он очень устал и должен немного отдохнуть.
8.Вам придется завтра встать рано.
9.Он должен читать этот доклад на следующей неделе.
10.Я должен был сделать все анализы сам, но, так как у меня было мало времени, я вынужден попросить их помочь мне.
11.Вам следует проконсультироваться с окулистом завтра, если боль будет держаться.
12.Эта болезнь может вызвать серьезные осложнения.
13.Ему не нужно соблюдать постельный режим.
14.Вы можете ходить по палате.
15.Он не смог сделать эту работу вовремя.
16.Нам еще не разрешают делать такие операции.
17.Я не могла ответить на Ваше письмо, так как была очень занята.
18.Эта сыпь могла быть симптомом кори.
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ЗАДАНИЕ 96: Переведите следующие предложения.
1. He was able to return home. 2. Its sensitivity to antibiotics should be discovered. 3. Our failure to culture the organism in every case may be due to previous antibiotic treatment and the chronicity of the lesion. 4. This rarity may be due to the acid content of the stomach. 5. Antibiotic theory for the initial infection may contribute to delay in development and difficulties of clinical and bacteriological diagnosis. 6. Transient duct ectasia may occur in normal infants. 7. True duct ectasia may occur in the breast of young adult females but becomes much more frequent in older age-groups. 8. We are unable to agree that duct ectasia is necessarily an evolutional disease since several symptomatic cases were young virgins. 9. Consequently, neither pregnancy nor involution can be wholly responsible for the condition. 10. The duct walls may be surrounded by a cuff of round cells. 11. Attacks may last for weeks. 12. Pain and discomfort may coexist. 13. In this type of case there may be a history of trauma. 14. When nipple retraction or distortion occurs in an older women carcinoma may be suspected. 15. The treatment must be surgical and radical in the first instance.
ЗАДАНИЕ 97: Прочитайте и переведите предложения.
1. He can read English. 2. She can read Lesson X. 3. She can open the window. 4. We can keep down dust by the use of water. 5. I must do it at once. 6. I cannot see under the water. 7. He could not come on account of his illness. 8. You mustn’t come to the lab so late.
9.You must not talk so loud. 9. You must go to the lab this morning.
10.They must read that exercise. 11. She must write a few sentences.
12.I must finish my work by two o’clock. 13. He should prepare the exercises, but he is too lazy. 14. We cannot understand the newer physics without the back-ground in classical physics.
ЗАДАНИЕ 98: Прочитайте, переведите и проанализируйте форму сказуемого.
1. Long periods of stay in hospital can break the relationship between the patient and his family. 2. Rest must be absolute.
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3. Trained nurses must be employed, as expert nursing is of the utmost importance. 4. The temperature may run as high as 101 F. 5. He was obliged to give the history of the case once again. 6. The treatment of angina may be divided into phases. 7. The pain can always be reproduced by similar degrees of effort. 8. He may know that certain types of exertion can induce an attack. 9. The administration of digitalis in patients with angina may increase the frequency and severity of the attacks. 10. Its use should be avoided. 11. I have to work hard. 12. He doesn’t have to read this if he doesn’t want to. 13. The child should be seen at three-monthly intervals. 14. A course of daily injections should be given. 15. This test may be used for the identification of a variety of bacterial species. 16. Everyone should take care of his teeth.
ЗАДАНИЕ 99: Прочитайте и переведите, обращая внимание на форму сказуемого.
1. The operation time in cavity preparation can be cut by approximately one-half. 2. The amount of caries present and the texture of the tooth must be taken into consideration. 3. The danger of overheating of the pulp can be minimized. 4. It is stated in Hippocrates’s oath that those enlisted in the healing arts should make every human effort to eliminate pain and suffering. 5. Dental care should be available to all regardless income and suffering.
6.Every tooth consists of a crown, a neck and one or more roots.
7.Some plans and opinions have been discussed at public forums.
8.For many years, it was assumed that the number of new dental graduates was insufficient to meet the losses in the profession due to death and retirement. 9. The small bubbles that some times appear on the surface of the cast are the result of trapping of saliva and air.
10.Like other materials, the alginates require special manipulation and treatment for maximal results. 11. The details of technical procedure have not been worked out. 12. The study is based on detailed examination of Japanese married men and women.
13.Dental examinations were made with the aid of mirrors and explorers by dentists of Japanese ancestry. 14. The findings were
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recorded by the method used previously. 15. Analysis of the results of the mouth examinations reveals that there exists some association between the extend of dental disease experienced by husbands and their wives.
ЗАДАНИЕ 100. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на модальный глагол «may»:
1. A person may be tall, middle sized or short, thin or plump (fat in a pleasant-looking way). 2. A face may be round, oval or square. 3. In summer some people may have freckles on their faces. 4. People’s hair may be long or short, thin or thick, good or bad, straight or curly. 5. Colour of people’s hair may be black or fair chestnut or red. 6. Eyes may be large or small. 7. Eyes may be of different colour: grey, green, blue, black or hazel (brown). 8. Cheeks may be rosy or pale (if a person is ill), plump or hollow (if a person is very thin).
INFINITIVE
ЗАДАНИЕ 101. Переведите предложения и определите функции инфинитива.
1. The data to be noted in this case are: temperature and blood pressure. 2. This is the first factor to be taken into consideration. 3. They are known to do their work always well. 4. He seems to know this rule. 5. The doctor believed this patient to be better.
6.The medicine is found to be very useful in case of pneumonia.
7.The professor was expected to make a report about his last work.
8.To breathe means to live. 9. We go to the seaside to have a rest.
10.The scientists tried to solve this problem for many years. 11. He had to finish his work in time. 12. I know him to be admitted to the hospital two days ago.
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 102: Переведите предложения, обращая внима-
ние а сложное дополнение.
1. She found me to be ill. 2. We found his charm to be irresistible (неотразимый). 3. The doctor found her disease to be incurable. 4. They found the food to be inedible (несъедобный). 5. I consider
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