Develop Your Skills (Развиваем навыки и умения в английском языке). Часть I. Уроки 5–13. Учебное пособие по практике устной и письменной речи для студ

9)Do you have any daily tasks?

10)Does your friend remind you of anyone?

22. Give a one-minute talk on one of the aspects.

1)It is important to count every minute and not to waste time.

2)We can do without time and dates.

3)Seven days a week are enough to do everything we want.

4)Aleap year is not necessary.

5)Say what a person can do in 365 days.

unit 11

1. Study the vocabulary and make your own sentences with the words and phrases given below.

•a hemisphere (northern / southern)

•the equator

•a volcano(es) (a volcanic eruption)

•highlands / lowlands

•a desert

•a peninsula

•a mountain range

•vast / huge / endless

•varied

•a mother tongue

•multilingual / bilingual

•a majority

•a surface

•the mankind

•a canal

•to be covered by / with / in sth

•to be bounded by

•to be washed by

•to be separated by

•to occupy sth

•to be densely / sparsely populated

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2. a) Read the text and look up the unknown words in the dictionary.

COUNTRIESAND CONTINENTS

The planet we live on is called the Earth. It is the third planet from the sun and it is the only planet in the Solar System with water and air. There are four oceans and seven continents on the Earth. The continents are: Europe and Asia, Africa, North America and South America, Antarctica and Australia. But some geographers say that Australia is just the largest island in the world.

Numerous seas and oceans wash the continents and separate them from each other. They cover a greater part of the Earth’s surface than does the land. The largest ocean is the Pacific and the smallest ocean is theArctic,whichisalmostentirelycoveredbyice.Thetwootheroceans are the Indian and theAtlantic.

Otherwaterresourcesontheplanetareriversandlakes.Thelongest river is the Nile inAfrica and the deepest lake is Lake Baikal in Russia. The surface of the Earth is not flat and even: there are lots of lowlands and highlands. The largest mountain ranges are theAlps in Europe, the Rockies in North America, the Andes in South America and others. In some mountain ranges there are active volcanoes which sometimes erupt throwing boiling lava, gas, melting rock and ash out of the planet.

As a rule there are many countries on each continent. For example, there are more than 30 countries in Europe but still there is only one counry in Australia. The biggest country is the Russian Federation and the smallest country is the Vatican which is in Italy. All countries have interesting places, their own national flags, customs and traditions.

Everyone has a first language or a mother tongue. People who can speak more than one language are bilingual or multilingual.

Foreachpersonitisimportanttoknowtheplacehelivesin,because only in this way he can understand and enjoy the world around him.

b) Answer the questions on the text.

1)What is the name of the planet we live on?

2)How many continents are there on our planet? What are they?

3)How many oceans are there on our planet? What are they?

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4)What is the largest ocean and what is the smallest one?

5)What is the largest country in the world and what is the smallest one?

6)How do you call a person who can speak more than one lan-

guage?

7)There are many countries on each continent, aren’t there?

8)The Earth is the third planet from the sun, isn’t it?

9)How does a volcano erupt?

10)Why is it important for everybody to know geography?

c)Retell the text.

* 3. a) Read the text and give titles to its paragraphs.

OUR PLANET EARTH

1.Planet Earth is our home. But how much do we know about it? Here are a few facts that you may find interesting.The Earth is the third planet from the sun and it is about 4.5 million years old. Its population is about 5.3 milliard. There are seven continents (some people say six), four oceans, thirty-two seas and almost two hundred sovereign states in the world.

2.The oceans cover a greater area of the Earth than does the land – 71 percent or almost three quarters of the Earth’s surface. The three major oceans are the Pacific, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The Pacific is the largest ocean, and theArctic Ocean is smaller than the other three and is covered almost entirely by ice.

3.Islands occur in rivers, lakes and seas and oceans. They range in size from very small to huge ones, like Greenland, which has an area of

2.2million square km. Some geographers say that the largest island is the continent ofAustralia.

4.Rivers and lakes are used by humans for a variety of purposes. Ever since mankind has existed they have provided fresh water and food, water for irrigation and natural transport routes.The biggest river is the Nile in Africa and the largest lake is the Caspian Sea in Asia. Small, narrow rivers can be called brooks, streams or creeks.

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5.The Earth’s largest mountain ranges today – the Alps, Himalayas, Rockies and Andes – are all relatively young. Much older ranges include the Scottish Highlands, the Scandinavian mountains, theAppalachians in the USAand the Urals in Russia.The highest peak is Mount Everest.

6.People belong to ethnic groups and regional groups. The world regions are: North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, Scandinavia,Europe,theMiddleEast,theFarEast,NorthAfrica,CentralAfrica, South Africa, Australia, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific, the Arctic and theAntarctic.

7.Peoplespeakdialectsaswellaslanguages.Everyonehasamother tongue or first language; many have second and third languages. Some people are perfect in more than one language and are bilingual or multilingual. The most populated country is the People’s Republic of China and the most populated city is Mexico City.

8.Knowing countries, states, capitals and rivers will always have a place in geography and in the repertoire of well-informed people. After all, if you don’t understand your place, you can’t make it better or enjoy it.

b)Find in the text “Our Planet Earth” these words and word combinations.

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c) Retell the text.

* 4. Study some additional vocabulary and make your own sentences with the words and phrases given below.

•a forest area

•a jungle

•a valley

•a tropical forest

•to be rich in sth

•to extend

•to lie on / in some place

•unique

5. Study and learn the names of the following countries, their capitals and languages.

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Some countries form unions: the Baltic States, the CiS (the Commonwealth of Independent Countries), the european union, the NATo (the North Atlantic Organization). The uSSr (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) is now referred to as (the countries of) the former Soviet Union.

* 6. Study and learn some more countries, their capitals, languages and nationalities.

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* 7 Answer the questions.

1)What is the capital of Australia? Croatia? Macedonia? Sweden? Bosnia-Herzegovina? Vietnam?

2)Is English the state language in Indonesia?

3)Do they speakArabic in Iran and Iraq?

4)What country is also called Persia?

5)Jakarta isn’t the capital of Turkey, isn’t it?

6)The Israelis speak Yiddish, don’t they?

7)What do we call the people inhabiting Iraq?

8)Do all the nationalities ending in –ese live inAsia?

9)Is Bishkek the modern name forAlma-Ata?

10)Do the Danish live in Holland?

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11)Do the Chileans speak Chilean?

12)What isAmharic?

13)What isAlgiers?

14)The Belgian language doesn’t exist, does it?

15)Is Budapest or Bucharest the capital of Hungary?

16)What language do they speak in Reykjavik?

17)Of what country is Tirana / Pretoria / Buenos Aires / Bogota / Santiago / Khartum / Podgorica /AddisAbaba / Monaco the capital?

18)The Monegasque live somewhere in South America, don’t

they?

19)Do they speak French in Namibia?

20)They don’t speak Roman in Romania, do they?

21)Slovak isn’t spoken in Slovenia, is it?

22)What do we call the people living in Sudan?

23)What language do the Taiwanese speak?

24)Do Slovaks mostly inhabit Yugoslavia?

25)What countries do they speak Portuguese in?

26)Is Kenya inAfrica?

27)Swahili is a dead language, isn’t it?

28)Nairobi is the capital of Namibia, isn’t it?

29)Do they speak Turkmenian in Turkey?

30)Tripoli is the capital of a European country, isn’t it?

31)Skopje isn’t a spelling variant of Sofia, is it?

32)Do Liechtensteineans live in Liechtenstein?

33)Is Vaduz in NorthAfrica?

34)The Letts are not the nationality inhabiting Latvia, are they?

35)Is Luxembourg a country or a city?

36)Ulan-Ude is the capital of Mongolia, isn’t it?

8. Match the words and the definitions.

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