Automation technology. Технологии автоматизации. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

С. В. НИКРОШКИНА A. И. БОЧКАРЕВ

AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2022

those areas in which it has been introduced, and there is scarcely an aspect of modern life that has been unaffected by it.

The term automation was coined in the automobile industry about 1946 to describe the increased use of automatic devices and controls in mechanized production lines. The origin of the word is attributed to D.S. Harder, an engineering manager at the Ford Motor Company at the time. The term is used widely in a manufacturing context, but it is also applied outside manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intelligence.

In general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with performing a process by means of programmed commands combined with automatic feedback control to ensure proper execution of the instructions. The resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers and computer-related technologies. Consequently, automated systems have become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems represent a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of humans to accomplish the same activities.

Automation technology has matured to a point where a number of other technologies have developed from it and have achieved a recognition and status of their own. Robotics is one of these technologies; it is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain anthropomorphic, or humanlike, characteristics. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered mechanical arm. The robot’s arm can be programmed to move through a sequence of motions to perform useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the sheet-metal parts of an automobile body during assembly. As these examples suggest, industrial robots are typically used to replace human workers in factory operations.

This module covers the fundamentals of automation, including its historical development, principles and theory of operation, applications in manufacturing and in some of the services and industries important in daily life, and impact on the individual as well as society in general.

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2. Make up 8 sentences with the words from the glossary. READING COMPREHENSION

1. Answer the questions.

1. What does the term automation generally imply?

2. How has automation changed those areas in which it has been introduced?

3.When was the term automation coined?

4.What do advanced automation systems represent?

5.What is robotics?

6. What is the most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot?

2. Complete the sentences.

1. Automation generally implies the … of machines into a …-… system 2. The term automation is widely used in a manufacturing context, but it is also applied outside manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems

in which there is a significant … of mechanical, electrical, or … … for human effort and intelligence.

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3. Automation can be … as a technology concerned with performing a process by means of … … combined with automatic feedback control to ensure proper execution of the instructions.

4. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered … arm.

5. Industrial robots are typically used to … human workers in factory … .

ANALYZE

1. Match the words with their English synonyms:

2.Give the English equivalents:

1.сложный

2.превосходить

3.достигать

4.последовательность

5.сборочная линия

6.специализированная отрасль автоматизации

7.станки

8.автоматизированная система управления с обратной связью

3.Prove the following statements:

1. With the help of automation it is possible to operate any system without human intervention.

2. Industrial robots are used to replace human workers in factory operations.

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4. Match the following English words with their definitions:

5. Put the words in the correct order:

1. Automation / is / machines / once / human/ by/the /application /of / performed / to / tasks / beings.

2. It /is /a / commands / programming/concerned /technology/ with /performing /a/ process /by /means /of .

3. The /can /robot’s / be /programmed /arm.

4. The/ most / humanlike / modern/characteristic /of /a / industrial /robot /is /its /powered /mechanical / typical/arm.

5. Industrial/ are /robots / used/ operations /to/ replace/ /workers /in /factory/ /human.

WORD BUILDING

1. Give the initial words of the following derivatives

Example: different -to differ

1.communication

2.technological

3.invisible

4.equipment

5.vibration

6.quickly

7.responsible

8.automation

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GRAMMAR

The Passive Voice Revision

1. Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice

Example:

Scientists use crystals in electronic devices. Crystals are used by scientists in electronic devices.

1.The scientists developed several types of technology.

2.They will inform you about the new discovery.

3.Solar batteries generate electricity.

4.The researcher carries out the experiments at high temperatures.

5.The lecturer spoke about the latest works in the sphere of automation.

7.He showed me the articles from the latest magazine.

8.D.S. Harder coined the term automation in 1946.

9.New data will support the results of our research.

10.These devices distribute the electric energy.

11.Heat converts ice into water.

12.The engineer will check the apparatus in the lab.

14.Their laboratory occupies a separate part of the building.

15.Electronic devices perform various tasks.

TRANSLATE

1. Translate from English into Russian:

1. Automation generally implies the integration of machines into a selfgoverning system.

2. There is scarcely an aspect of modern life that has been unaffected by automation.

3. The robot’s arm can be programmed to move through a sequence of motions to perform useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the sheet-metal parts of an automobile body during assembly.

4. Robotics is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain anthropomorphic, or humanlike, characteristics.

5. Automated systems have become increasingly sophisticated and complex.

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2. Read the text and translate it from English into Russian: WORKSTATION ASSEMBLY MACHINES

Workstation assembly machines (assembly benches) are a cost-effective solution for complex products produced in small quantities. Custom-engi- neered products such as machine tools, industrial equipment make use of assembly bench to perform the assembly work on the product.

We have extensive experience designing and building manual or semiautomatic assembly systems with single workstation. We design and build custom-tailored workstations to suit customer’s individual requirements. Our tooling is commonly incorporated into the system to help workers be ‘right first time’, enhancing the quality and overall output of the process.

Lower costs of quality control

Increased production flexibility

Reduced inspection time

Increased safety

Increased customer satisfaction

Elimination of set-up errors and improved quality

Decreased set-up time with associated reduction in production time and improved productivity

3. Make the glossary to the text above. Fill in the table.

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