Иностранный язык (английский). Учебное пособие

supplies the necessary raw materials for the food and light industries which produce large quantities of consumer goods. Intensification of animal husbandry is better feeding and selection, introduction of the achievements of science and advanced method, great mechanization. It ensures an increase in the output of animal products. Specialization and concentration are increasing in animal husbandry. Farms for fattening of cattle, pig and poultry are set up. Large industrialized farms for the production of pork, beef, eggs and milk have been established. The tasks set for the veterinary science today are to increase animal productivity, to reduce death rate in animals, to make prophylaxes of animal diseases.

Veterinary service should pay particular attention to the organization of veterinary work on industrial livestock and poultry farms to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. The foremost attention is paid to the veterinary sanitation and hygiene. They are the foundation of human health, wellbeing of animals, good quality of animal production and high culture of cattlebreeding.

The duty of the veterinary doctor is to prevent infectious and noncontagious diseases, to treat sick animals, to control the quality of meat, milk and eggs delivered by farms. Animal diseases cause great damage to the herds of cattle. The success of the struggle and preventive treatment against these diseases depend upon the arrangement of the veterinary service. Vaccination of animals against infectious diseases is a specialized type of work in which veterinarians may be engaged. Biological industry has produced various drugs and preparations promoting resistance of animal body to harmful environmental conditions.

Vocabulary list

zoonotic diseases – зооно́зные инфе́кции – заразные болезни животных, к возбудителям которых восприимчив и человек

to combat a disease – бороться с болезнью

wildlife preservation and conservation – охрана диких животных и птиц, природоохранная деятельность

raw materials – сырье fattening – откорм, нагул скота

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death rate – уровень смертности

prophylaxes – профилактика, профилактические мероприятия noncontagious diseases – неинфекционные заболевания

I. Translate the following words and phrases into Russian.

Various infectious diseases; the main source of; deal with; wellbeing of animals; in spite of; branches of science; to provide the population; the efficient production; the raw materials; consumer goods; to feed better; the production of pork, beef, eggs and milk; the task; to increase animal productivity; to reduce death rate in animals; to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases; harmful environmental conditions; is paid to; to treat sick animals; to control the quality of meat, noncontagious diseases.

II. Are these sentences true or false?

1.Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals.

2.Veterinary science also deals with the diseases that can be passed to people.

3.Large industrialized farms for the production of pork, beef, eggs and milk have been built.

4.Veterinary surgeons also treat parasitical infections, unsanitary conditions which may increase fertility in livestock.

5.All men must be informed about the outbreak of a notifiable disease in order to prevent the disease spread.

III. Complete the following sentences. Choose the ending according to the text.

1.Veterinary Medicine is…

2.Agriculture remains…

3.The tasks of the veterinary science are…

4.The duty of the veterinary doctor is to …

5.Intensification of animal husbandry…

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6.Animal diseases cause...

7.Veterinary service should pay particular attention…

8.Vaccination of animals against infectious diseases is…

IV. Answer the following questions.

1.What is the role of agriculture today?

2.What ensures an increase in the output of animal products?

3.What measures are usually taken in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?

4.What should veterinary service pay particular attention to?

5.The veterinary sanitation and hygiene are important in animal husbandry, aren’t they?

6.What is the duty of the veterinary doctor?

7.What tasks are set for the veterinary science today?

The veterinary profession

The veterinary profession was founded over 200 years ago by a group from the Odiham Agriculture Society who were fired with enthusiasm by the Enlightenment. It was thought that the application of scientific method to the treatment of injury and disease in animals would increase useful longevity for cavalry and transport horses, improve production and profits in agriculture and contribute to the understanding of zoonoses. Its function was to be unashamedly and unquestionably anthropocentric, concerned only to improve the fortunes of humanity. Any advantage for the welfare of animals was incidental.

Our relationship with other animals and the environment is, at the same time, both unique and biological: biological since we are obeying nature's inviolable directive to exploit the environment in which we find ourselves; and unique since no species has previously had the ability to control and modify that same environment as do we humans. It was our enhanced cerebral capacity, providing the ability to make tools and traps, that enabled our ancestors – for whatever reason

– to leave the jungle and alter our diet to include meat. It was that same intellectual magnitude that was later to lead to the domestication

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of both animals and plants. Pastoralism, a word with an idyllic, nostalgic ring, was, in fact, an act of enslavement. The conditions in which domestic animals are kept are indistinguishable from, and indeed frequently far worse than, those forced on the African slaves in the southern states of America two centuries ago.

A veterinarian (American English) or a veterinary surgeon (British English), often shortened to vet, is a physician for animals and a practitioner of veterinary medicine. Veterinarians are usually ranked as the most intelligent and trustworthy among medical practitioners. They diagnose and treat disease in a variety of different species without verbal communication with their patients.

Many careers are open to specialists with veterinary degrees. They work in clinical institutions and often practice in a limited field such as “companion animal” or pet medicine (small animals such as dog, cat, and pocket pets), production medicine or livestock medicine. Production medicine includes dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry, equine medicine (e. g., sport, race track, show, and rodeo), laboratory animal medicine, or reptile medicine. Veterinarians may specialize in medical disciplines such as surgery, dermatology or internal medicine after postgraduate training and certification.

Some veterinarians pursue postgraduate training and enter research careers, and have contributed to advances in many human and veterinary medical fields, including pharmacology and epidemiology. Research veterinarians were the first to isolate oncoviruses, Salmonella species, Brucella species, and various other pathogenic agents. Veterinarians were in the forefront in the effort to suppress malaria and yellow fever in the United States.Veterinarians determined the identity of the botulism diseasecausing agent; produced an anticoagulant used to treat human heart disease; and developed surgical techniques for human beings, such as limb and organ transplants.

I. Answer the following question:

What are the main duties of a veterinarian?

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II. Complete the sentences below. Don’t look at the text.

1.The veterinary profession was founded…..

2.It was considered that the application of scientific method to the treatment of injury and disease in animals would….

3.A veterinarian or a veterinary surgeon is a …

4.They can diagnose and treat various diseases without …

5.Many occupations are open to specialists with …

6.They can work as…

7.Veterinarians may also specialize in...

III. Read the following text and open the brackets.

People who love animals get satisfaction from (work /working) with and (help/ helping) them. However, some of the work may be unpleasant, physically and emotionally (demanded /demanding), and sometimes dangerous. At times veterinary technicians must clean cages, hold or restrain animals, risking (to bite /to be bitten) or (to scratch/ to be scratched). These (work/workers) must take precautions when treating animals with germicides or insecticides. The work setting can be noisy.

Veterinary technologists and technicians who euthanize unwanted, aged, or hopelessly (injured/ injuring) animals may experience emotional stress. Some owners are neglecting or abusing their pets and veterinary technologists must maintain a calm and professional demeanour while they enforce the laws (regarding/regarded) animal care. Their professionalism allows (to make/ making) treatment of pets faster, more effective and painless.

In some animal hospitals, research facilities, and animal shelters, a veterinary technician is on duty 24 hours a day, which means that some may work night shifts. Most fulltime veterinary technologists and technicians work about 40 hours a week, although some work 50 or more hours a week.

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Nature of the work

Today owners of pets expect veterinary care. To provide this service, veterinarians in the USA use the skills of veterinary technologists and technicians, who perform many of the same duties for a veterinarian that a nurse does for a physician, e. g. laboratory and clinical procedures. Although specific job duties are varied by employer, there is little difference between the tasks carried out by technicians and by technologists, despite some differences in formal education and training. As a result, most workers in this occupation are called technicians. Veterinary technologists and technicians typically conduct clinical work in a private practice under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian. They often perform various medical tests, treat and diagnose medical conditions or diseases in animals. For example, they may perform laboratory tests such as urinalysis and blood counts, assist with dental prophylaxis, prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, or assist veterinarians in a variety of tests and analyses. In addition, experienced veterinary technicians may discuss a pet’s condition with its owners and train new clinic personnel. Veterinary technologists and technicians usually care for companion animals, such as cats and dogs, but can perform a variety of duties with mice, rats, sheep, pigs, cattle, monkeys, birds, fish, and frogs. Some technologists work in mixed animal practices where they care for both small companion animals and larger, nondomestic animals.

Besides working in private clinics and animal hospitals, veterinary technologists and technicians may work in research facilities, where they prepare samples for laboratory examinations, and record information on an animal’s genealogy, diet, weight, medications, food intake, and clinical signs of pain. At research facilities, veterinary technologists typically work under the guidance of veterinarians or physicians. Some veterinary technologists vaccinate newly admitted animals and occasionally have to euthanize seriously ill, severely injured, or unwanted animals.

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Vocabulary list

veterinary technologist or technician – ветеринарный фельдшер job duties – служебные обязанности

companion animals – домашние животные

to euthanize гл. – применить к кому-л. эйтаназию, умертвить по соображениям гуманности безнадёжно больного

I. Translate the following words and phrases into Russian.

owners of pets; to practice under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian; veterinary care; perform laboratory tests; skills; to injure; sign of pain; euthanize; to take blood samples; laboratory and clinical procedures; to record information on an animal’s diet and weight; to conduct clinical work; education and training; experienced veterinary technicians; to care for companion animals; employer.

II. Answer the following questions.

What is the main difference between veterinarians and veterinary technologists or technicians? What are their main duties?

III. Make up sentences.

1.pets/owners/of/veterinary/care/expect.

2.technologists/technicians/veterinary/and/conduct/

private/work/in/a/clinical/practice.

3.some/vaccinate/newly veterinary/admitted/technolo gists/animals.

4.perform/dental/tests/they/and/with/assist/prophy

laxis/laboratory.

5.treat/medical/perform/diseases/they/various/tests/

and/in/animals.

6.veterinary/animal/and/usually/cats/technicians/care/ companion/such as/and/dogs/for/technologists.

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IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and voice.

1. Pet sitters (to look after) one or more animals when their owner is away. 2. The students (to examine) this bull yesterday. 3. This cow (to treat) by our veterinarian last week. 4. Our veterinarian (to examine) this cow tomorrow. 5 Penicillin injections (to use) by the veterinarians. 6. The veterinarian (to use) penicillin injections tomorrow. 7. The students (to treat) sick animals next year. 8. Sick animals (to treat) by the students next year. 9. Infectious diseases (to cause) by microbes. 10. Microbes (to cause) infectious diseases. 11. Our veterinarian (to use) that treatment last week. 12. The animals just (to operate) by our veterinarian. 13. Our veterinarian (to operate) the animals yesterday. 14. This disease (to cause) by a virus. 15. Viruses (to cause) many diseases. 16. The sick calves (to isolate) by the dairymen tomorrow. 17. The dairymen (to isolate) the sick calves to-morrow. 18. The animals (to examine) by the students every day. Veterinary technicians usually (to discuss) a pet’s condition with its owners.

My future profession

The work of veterinarians is varied and challenging. It is often busy, marked by responsibility and quick but sound decisions. In addition to a sharp mind and skilful hands, veterinarians need social skills and empathy when dealing with customers. The working environment is diverse. Veterinarians can specialise in many different duties in areas such as

·the health, diseases and welfare of living animals;

·food production;

·environmental health care;

·research, management, control and operational planning.

Most veterinarians conduct clinical patient work as production animal veterinarians or small animal and equine veterinarians. Every third veterinarian works with food hygiene. Controlling food safety, contagious veterinary diseases and animal welfare is an important sector for veterinarians. In their work, veterinarians deal with the

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entire life-cycle of animals – in addition to positive matters, the work entails treating serious diseases and coming face-to-face with death.

Certainly, you have a general notion of your profession but you haven’t got the slightest idea of the daily routine of a veterinary surgeon. For example, several years of large animal practice on cattle farm with no fixed working hours are a hard school of daily life: regular examination of a herd or individual animals; vaccinations, injections (in case of disease outbreaks); feeding and maintenance etc. Vets take various measures to prevent contagious and non-contagious diseases of animals. They also treat sick animals and perform inspections of slaughtered cattle as well as of meat and milk products for sale. So a veterinary practitioner has to work as physician, surgeon, epizootologist, parasitologist.

Nowadays small animal practice is the object of great consideration in large cities because many people keep pets at home (cats, dogs, rats, mice, birds, exotics, etc). Thus in a city a veterinary practitioner has a great choice: he may have small animal surgery or general practice, or he may also have house call veterinary practice. Some veterinarians may own a pet hospital or be employed in mixed animal practice while others may be employed at emergency veterinary clinics, or have private veterinary (equine or exotic) practice.

To protect a man against diseases common to man and animals is a task of veterinary medicine. In large cities stray cats and dogs wandering along the streets in search of food offer many problems for vets. Stray animals can be vectors of dangerous infectious disease, harm people health and infect food supplies. Another aspect connected with human health protection is the use of animals in medical research, for example, for creating new life-saving remedies or studying their activities. The assistance of veterinary science is essential to do it.

Thus the work of veterinarians is closely related to urgent and vital problems of human society. Academician K.I. Skryabin once said: “A doctor treats man while a veterinarian treats mankind”.

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Vocabulary list

house call – визит врача домой, вызов врача на дом, посещение на дому

equine – зд. связанный с лошадьми stray – бездомные (бродячие)

be vectors of dangerous infectious disease – быть переносчиком опасных инфекционных заболеваний

***The veterinary equivalent to the Hippocratic Oath is the Declaration made by graduates on entering the profession. In the United Kingdom, practicing veterinarians must be members of the RCVS - Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. This Declaration states:

Inasmuch as the privilege of membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons is about to be conferred upon me I promise and solemnly declare that I will abide in all due loyalty to the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and will do all in my power to maintain and promote its interests.

I promise above all that I will pursue the work of my profession with uprightness of conduct and that my constant endeavour will be to ensure the welfare of animals committed to my care.

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) - Королевский колледж ветеринарных хирургов является регулирующим органом для ветеринарных хирургов в Соединенном Королевстве.

Он отвечает за мониторинг образовательных, этических и клинических стандартов ветеринарной профессии.

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