учебник 3 курс ICT

4. Summarize the information you learned about different forms and types of storage.

5. Make a report on one of the following topics.

Evolution of storage technologies.

11.– the way data is kept; retaining data used for computing for some interval of time

12.– a thousand bytes

13.– a place in a computer where files or programs are organized

14.– a stiff disk inside a computer that is used for storing information

15.– a copy of a computer document, program etc, made in case the original is lost or damaged

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16.– (abbr.) a way of connecting equipment to a computer using wires so that it can work together

17.……. time – the time taken by a computer to find and use a piece of information in its memory

18.– used to talk about video, CD, tape etc when saying what type of equipment it can be played on

19.– a unit for measuring computer information, equal to eight bits

20.– information about something stored on computer so that it can be looked at in the future DOWN

21.– (abbr.) a type of computer disc that can store a large amount of information

25.– to remove information from a computer memory

3.– a round plate on which data can be encoded

26.– a part of a computer where you can connect another piece of equipment, such as a printer

27. – a piece of equipment in a computer that is used to get information from a disk or to store it

28.– one thousand million

29.– (acronym) a piece of equipment that produces a powerful narrow beam of light that can be used in recording and reading data

30. – disks that record data by burning microscopic holes in the surface of the disk with a laser

31.……. memory – memory which uses integrated circuits to store information

32.– information on a computer that you store under a particular name

33.– the total amount of stored information that a storage device or medium can hold

HUMOR SECTION

What does each of the cartoons imply? Why is it funny, in your opinion? Explain its humour.

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systems based on the Linux kernel. Their development is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) and other free licenses. Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers, although it is installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from embedded devices and mobile phones to supercomputers.

System software helps to run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities, language translator, data communication programs, data management programs and more. The purpose of systems software is to insulate the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of the particular computer complex being used, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory devices as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.

Application software is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer, with the purpose of supporting or improving the software user's work. In other words, it is the subclass of computer software that employs the

performing a single task or a small range of tasks which improve a system's performance and help users take advantage of the computer's capabilities. Utility software has long been integrated into most major operating systems. Utilities are often desk accessories that can be called up while you're working in another application. They can also be system extensions which are activated when you turn on the computer, control devices which you adjust in the control panel, or even stand-alone programs that run when you need them.

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Utilities are available for back-up, file search, virus protection, disaster recovery, and so on. Accessibility program makes a PC easier for disabled users to use.

Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.

Crashed dick rescuer utility is used to restore disks and corrupted files.

Disk checkers can scan the contents of a hard disk to find files or areas that are corrupted in some way, or were not correctly saved, and eliminate them for a more efficiently operating hard drive.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE SECTION 1

1. Read the Key Information Section and find the following.

1. the difference between system software and application software

2. software that enables users and programs to communicate with hardware

3.the meaning of 'multitasking'

4.a multi-user OS used on large, powerful computer systems

5.the operating system that is freely distributed

6.the operating system designed by Apple

7.the OS created by Microsoft

8.the text-based operating system used in older PCs

9.the OS written in C language and used on minicomputers and workstations

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2. Read the text below and complete it with the phrases in the box.

The (3) ….. refers to all those applications - such as

word processors and spreadsheets - which are used for specific purposes. Applications are usually stored on disks loaded into the RAM memory when activated by the user.

The (4) ….. is the most important type of system software. It is usually supplied by the manufacturers and comprises a set of programs and files that control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It controls all the elements that the user sees, and it communicates directly with the computer. In most configurations, the OS is automatically loaded into the RAM section when the computer is started up.

3. Which utility would you use to do these tasks?

1. to play and organize multimedia on your PC

2.to diagnose and repair damaged disks

3.to help computer users with sight, hearing or mobility difficulties

4.to make files smaller, so you can send them with emails

5.to help the user delete unnecessary files

6.to manage your network activity

7.to protect your system against computer viruses

8.to automatically blank out the screen after a specific interval of inactive time (so that the image does not burn into the screen)

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operating system also copies to disk backing storage the state of the real-time system every few minutes (periodic check points) to provide a means of ‗recovering' the system in the event of a malfunction.

An operating system is stored on disk and has to be booted into the internal memory (RAM) where it must reside throughout processing so that commands are instantly available. The operating system commands may exceed the internal memory capacity of the computer in which case only that portion of the OS which is frequently used is retained internally; other modules being read in from disk as required.

Previously many microcomputers functioned under the control of a disk operating system known as DOS. This operating system was developed by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles.

Today it's only used in old PCs. In this text-based OS, you communicate with the computer by typing commands that exist within its library.

Here is a partial list of the most common commands for Microsoft's MSDOS operating system.

APPAND - displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path. This had some creative uses, such as running non-CD based games from the CD, with configuration/save files stored on the HD.

CHDIR or CD - change current directory. Displays the current working directory when used without path.

CHKDSK - verifies a hard disk or a floppy disk for file system integrity.

Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk and forces full disk verification.

CHOICE - allows for batch files to prompt the user to select one item from a set of single-character choices.

CLS - Clears the screen. It is the equivalent to the Unix – CLEAR.

COPY - copies files from one location to another. The destination defaults to the current directory. EXIT - exits the current command processor. If the exit is used at the primary command, it has no effect unless in a DOS window under Microsoft Windows, in which case the window is closed and the user returns to the desktop.

FC or COMP - compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between them. MEM - displays memory usage. It is the equivalent to the Unix command – FREE.

REN - renames a file. Unlike the MOVE command, this command cannot be used to rename subdirectories, or rename files across drives.

TREE - shows the directory tree of the current directory. DEL or ERASE – deletes a directory or file.

TYPE – displays the text of the current directory on the screen.

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VOCABULARY PRACTICE SECTION 2

1. Here is a list of typical tasks performed by an operating system. In each case the main verb has been omitted. Fill in the blanks from the words given (sometimes more than one may apply).

execute monitor format diagnose

A typical operating system will:

1.…… input and output devices.

2.…… the status of hardware devices.

3.…… hardware interrupts.

4.…… new disks.

5.…… disk directories.

6.…… disk reading and writing operations.

7.…… disk errors.

8.…… disk commands relating to the deletion, copying, renaming, and dumping of files.

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