34 НімціЕк філософ

4!2>1>40,4 4OA=VABL 4@>7C<V==O,4 4<C6=VABL 4 4B0:V 4<>@0;L=V 4FV==>ABV.4 4%0945335@ 4B0: 4?>OA=NT 4WE=V9 4270T<>72'4O7>: 47 43C<0=V7<><:4 4"4>@0;L=V 4?@>1;5<8 4 4=5 4?5@H>G5@3>289 4V 4A0<>ABV9=V;4 4>A=>2=5 4 4F5 4270T<>72'4O7>: 44C<:8 4V 41CBBO,4 40 42>=0 4?>70 45B8:>N 49 4>=B>;>3VTN.4 4ﾧB8G=V 428<>38 470O2;ONBL 4?@> 4A515 4B8< 4=0?>;53;82VH5,4 4=V6 4O2=V 4=5I0ABO 4;N48=8 4 4B0: 4A0<> 4O: 4V 4?@8E>20=V 4 4?>ABC?>2> 4?5@5E>4OBL 4CAO:V 4?@8?CAB8<V 4<56V.4

4 4B>3> 4<><5=BC,4 4O: 4;N48=0 45?>E8 4B5E=V:8,4 4I> 47=0E>48BLAO 42 4@C:0E 4:>;5:B82=>W 4VAB>B8,4 4=5 4<>65 44>AO3B8 4A:V;L:8-4=51C4L 4C?52=5=>W 4V 4ABV9:>W 4=0ABC?=>ABV,4 4=5 4?5@53;O=C2H8 4CAV 4A2>W 4?;0=8 4V 42G8=:8,4 4V 4=5 4?V4:>@82H8 4WE 428<>30< 4CAV 4BVTW 46 4B5E=V:8,4 4 47 4FL>3> 4<><5=BC 42AV 4=0HV 4BC@1>B8 4?>28==V 41CB8 4?@8A2OG5=V 4AB2>@5==N 45B8G=8E 4270T<>72'4O7:V2.4 4 4E>G0 45B8G=V 4270T<>72'4O7:8 4?V4B@8<CNBL 4;N4AL:0 4VAB>B0 4B8<G0A>2> 4V 4=5?>2=>,4 4715@565==O 4V 4?V4B@8<:0 4WE 4=5>1EV4=0.4 4;5 4G8 4<>65 44C<:0 4O: 4V 4@0=VH5 42V4<>2;OB8AO 42V4 4?V7=0==O 41CBBO 42 4BC 4<8BL,4 4:>;8 4F5 41CBBO,4 428E>4OG8 4=0 4OA:@025 4A2VB;> 4?VA;O 44>23>3> 4701CBBO,4 470O2;OT 4?@> 4A515 4?>B@OAV==O< 4CAL>3> 4ACI>3>?4"4.4 4 4I5:4 4"4ﾵC<:0,4 4I> 47040TBLAO 4?8B0==O<8 4VAB8==>ABV 41CBBO 4V 4287=0G0T 42 4B0:89 4A?>AV1 4;N4AL:C 4ACB=VABL 428E>4OG8 47 41CBBO 4V 4AB>A>2=> 44> 41CBBO 4 4F5 44C<:0 4=5 45B8G=0 4V 4=5 4>=B>;>38G5A:0O.4 406;82VH5 4CAB0=>2;5==O 42AVE 4?@028; 4V 4=>@< 4?>2>465==O 4T 4B>9 4D0:B,4 4I> 4;N48=0 4?>:;8:0=0 4VA=C20B8 42 4VAB8=V 41CBBO"4.4 4# 4B>9 465 4G0A 4%0945335@ 4?8H5,4 4I> 4"44C<:C,4 4I> 4>A<8A;NT 4VAB8=C 41CBBO 4O: 4?5@2>@>4=89 45;5<5=B 4;N48=8,4 4=>AVO 45:-478AB5=F5,4 4265 4C:;040T 42 4A>1V 4?0@2>@>4=CN 45B8:C»4.4

4 >1>B8 414943464-414945404-4E:4

4«4CBBO 4V 4G0AC»4 4(414942474)4

4‑ 2@>?59AL:89 4=V3V;V7<

4‑ 8AB 4?@> 4=V3V;V7<

4"4'0A 4:0@B8=8 4A2VBC"4 4(414943484)4

4"4)> 4B0:5 4<5B0DV78:0?4"4

4"4!;>20 48FH5 4"4>3 4<5@B289"4 4(414944434)4

4"4­>2>@>B"4 4(414944494)4

4"4­8B0==O 4?@> 4B5E=V:C"4 4(414945434)4

4D4a4s4 4M4a4n4 4(4=5<.4 4m4a4n4 4-4 4=5287=0G5=>-4>A>18AB89 4709<5==8:)4 4 4?>=OBBO,4 422545=5 4C 4"4CBBV 49 4'0AV"4 4%0945335@0 4(414942474)4 4?@8 40=0;V7V 4=5A?@026=L>3> 4VA=C20==O 4;N48=8.4 4%0945335@ 42V47=0G0T,4 4I> 4VA=CT 4B0:0 470:;>?>B0=VABL 4AL>3>45==O<,4 4I> 4?5@5B2>@NT 4;N4AL:5 468BBO 42 4"41>O7:V 4BC@1>B8"4,4 4C 4682>BV==O 4?>2AO:45==>ABV.4 4‑A=>2=0 4@8A0 4?>4V1=>W 4BC@1>B8 4 4WW 4=0F5;5==>ABL 4(4O: 4?@0:B8G=>-44VO;L=>3>,4 4B0: 4V 4B5>@5B8G=>3> 4<><5=BV2)4 4=0 4=0O2=V 4?@54<5B8,4 4=0 4?5@5B2>@5==O 4A2VBC.4 4 4>4=>3> 41>:C,4 4A0<0 4FO 4=0F5;5==>ABL 40=>=V<=0 4V 4157;8:0,4 47 4V=H>3> 41>:C 4-4 42>=0 470=C@NT 4;N48=C 42 4157>A>1>289 4A2VB 4(40=)4,4 445 42AV 40=>=V<=>.4 4# 4FL><C 4A2VBV 4=5<0T 4V 4=5 4<>65 41CB8 4AC1'4T:BV2 44VW,4 4BCB 4=VEB> 4=VG>3> 4=5 428@VHCT,4 4V 4B><C 4=5 4=5A5 4=VO:>W 42V4?>2V40;L=>ABV.4 4=>=V<=VABL 40= 4"4?V4:07CT"4 4;N48=V 42V4<>28B8AO 42V4 4A2>TW 42>;V 4(4N@10 4O: 428@07=8: 4.4 4=5 4?@89<0T 4>A<8A;5=8E 4@VH5=L 4V 4=5 4=5A5 4=V70I> 42V4?>2V40;L=>ABV)4 4V 4?5@5AB0B8 41CB8 4A0<8< 4A>1>N,4 4AB0B8 4"4O: 4CAV"4.4 4!2VB 4.4 41C4CTBLAO 4=0 4?@0:B8FV 42V4GC65==O;4 4C 4FL><C 4A2VBV 4CAV 4-4 5"5V=HV"5,5 5=02VBL 5AB>A>2=> 5A0<>3> 5A515 5;N48=0 5T 5"5V=H8<"5;5 5>A>18ABVABL 5C<8@0T,5 5V=482V4C0;L=VABL 5@>7G8=OTBLAO 52 5CA5@54=5=>ABV.5 5"58 5=0A>;>46CT<>AO 5V 570102;OT<>AO,5 5O: 5=0A>;>46CNBLAO;5 5<8 5G8B0T<>,5 54828<>AO 5V 5AC48<> 5?@> 5;VB5@0BC@C 5V 5<8AB5FB2>,5 5O: 510G0BL 5V 5AC4OBL;5 5<8 52V440;OT<>AO 52V4 5"5N@18"5,5 5O: 52V440;ONBLAO;5 5<8 57=0E>48<> 5"5>1C@;828<"5 5B5,5 5I> 57=0E>4OBL 5>1C@;828<"5.5

5>;>2=0 5E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 5A2VBC 5?>2AO:45==>ABV 5-5 5F5 5?@03=5==O 5C45@60B8AO 52 5=0O2=><C,5 5C 5AL>3>45==V,5 5C=8:=CB8 5<091CB=L>3>,5 5B>1B> 5A<5@BV.5 5!2V4><VABL 5;N48=8 5BCB 5=5 52 57<>7V 52V4=5AB8 5A<5@BL 5(5:V=FV2:0,5 5B8<G0A>2VABL)5 54> 5A0<>3> 5A515.5 5ﾵ;O 5?>2AO:45==>ABV 5A<5@BL 5-5 5F5 5702648 5A<5@BL 5V=H8E,5 5702648 52V4AB>@>=5==O 52V4 5A<5@BV.5 5&5 5?@82>48BL 54> 5@>7<8B>ABV 5A2V4><>ABV,5 54> 5=5<>6;82>ABV 57=09B8 5V 54>AO3B8 5A2>TW 52;0A=>W 5ACB=>ABV 5(5A0<>AB8)5.5 5­>2AO:45==89 5A?>AV1 51CBBO 5E0@0:B5@87CTBLAO 51577<VAB>2=8< 53>2>@V==O<,5 5FV:02VABN 5V 542>7=0G=VABN,5 5I> 5D>@<CNBL 5"5?@8@5G5=VABL 5A2VB>2V"5,5 5@>7G8=5==O 52 5A?V;L=><C 51CBBV,5 5C 5A5@54=L><C.5 5!?@>10 528@20B8AO 57 5157?V4AB02=>ABV 5.5,5 5?@>OA=8B8 5C<>28 5V 5<>6;82>ABV 5A2>3> 5VA=C20==O,5 5<>65 574V9A=N20B8AO 5;8H5 57024O:8 5A>2VABV,5 5I> 528:;8:0T 5ACBL 5;N48=8 57 5@>73C1;5=>ABV 52 50=>=V<=><C,5 5?@87820T 5;N48=8 54> 5"52;0A=>W 5740B=>ABV 51CB8 5A0<>ABLN"5.5