Russian For Dummies
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324 Part IV: The Part of Tens
When you see a woman (or an elderly person) carrying something heavy, offer your help with this phrase: Razryeshitye vam pomoch’! (ruhz-ree-shih- tee vahm pah-mohch; Let me help you!) or simply Vam pomoch’? (vahm pah- mohch; Shall I help you?) If you’re offered help, you can either accept it with Bol’shoye spasibo! (bahl’-shoh-ee spuh-see-buh; Thank you very much!) or refuse it with Nyet, spasibo! (nyet spuh-see-buh; No, thank you!)
Don’t Overlook the Elderly on Public Transportation
When Russians come to America and ride public transportation, they’re very confused to see young people sitting when an elderly person is standing nearby. They don’t understand that in America, an elderly person may be offended when offered a seat. Well, you don’t need to worry about that in Russia. Their elderly people and pregnant women won’t be offended if you offer them a seat on a bus. In fact, if you don’t, the entire bus looks at you as if you’re a criminal. Women, even (or should we say, especially) young ones, are also offered seats on public transportation. But that’s optional. Getting up and offering a seat to an elderly person, on the other hand, is a must.
Don’t Burp in Public
We hate to bring it up . . . And we’re sure that this suggestion doesn’t, of course, apply to our readers. But maybe you know someone you can give this piece of advice to. Know that bodily functions, such as getting rid of excess gas (yes, we’re talking about burping!), are considered extremely impolite in public, even if the sound is especially long and expressive, and the author is proud of it.
Moreover, if the incident happens (we’re all human), don’t apologize. By apologizing, you acknowledge your authorship, and attract more attention to the fact. Meanwhile, Russians, terrified by what just happened, pretend they didn’t notice, or silently blame it on the dog. Obviously, these people are in denial. But if you don’t want to be remembered predominantly for this incident, steer clear of natural bodily functions in public.
Part V
Appendixes
In this part . . .
The appendixes in Part V give you easy-to-use Russian reference sources. We include a sample list of com-
monly used regular and irregular Russian verbs with their conjugations. We provide you with a mini-dictionary with some of the words you use most often. We give you an answer key to all the Fun & Games sections that appear at the end of the chapters in this book. And finally, we list the tracks of the audio CD included with this book so you can read along and practice as you listen to real-world conversation of native Russian speakers.
Appendix A
Verb Tables
Regular Russian Verbs
Regular Verbs Ending with –at’
For example: dyelat’ (to do, to make)
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
ya (I) |
dyelayu |
dyelal/dyelala |
budu dyelat’ |
ty (you sing./ |
dyelayesh’ |
dyelal/dyelala |
budyesh’ dyelat’ |
inform.) |
|
|
|
on/ona/ono |
dyelayet |
dyelal/dyelala/ |
budyet dyelat’ |
(he/she/it) |
|
dyelalo |
|
my (we) |
dyelayem |
dyelali |
budyem dyelat’ |
vy (you pl./form.) |
dyelayetye |
dyelali |
budyetye dyelat’ |
oni (they) |
dyelayut |
dyelali |
budut dyelat’ |
|
|
|
|
Regular Verbs Ending with –it’
For example: govorit’ (to talk)
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
ya (I) |
govoryu |
govoril/govorila |
budu govorit’ |
ty (you sing./ |
govorish’ |
govoril/govorila |
budyesh’ govorit’ |
inform.) |
|
|
|
on/ona/ono |
govorit |
govoril/govorila/ |
budyet govorit’ |
(he/she/it) |
|
govorilo |
|
my (we) |
govorim |
govorili |
budyem govorit’ |
vy (you pl./form.) |
govoritye |
govorili |
budyetye govorit’ |
oni (they) |
govoryat |
govorili |
budut govorit’ |
|
|
|
|
328 Part V: Appendixes
Irregular Russian Verbs
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
byt’ |
ya |
None |
byl/byla |
budu |
to be |
ty |
None |
byl/byla |
budyesh’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
None |
byl/byla/bylo |
budyet |
|
my |
None |
byli |
budyem |
|
vy |
None |
byli |
budyetye |
|
oni |
None |
byli |
budut |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
moch’ |
ya |
mogu |
mog/mogla |
smogu |
to be able, can |
ty |
mozhyesh’ |
mog/mogla |
smozhyesh’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
mozhyet |
mog/mogla/moglo smozhyet |
|
|
my |
mozhyem |
mogli |
smozhyem |
|
vy |
mozhyetye |
mogli |
smozhyetye |
|
oni |
mogut |
mogli |
smogut |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
zhit’ |
ya |
zhivu |
zhil/zhila |
budu zhit’ |
to live |
ty |
zhivyosh’ |
zhil/zhila |
budyesh’ zhit’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
zhivyot |
zhil/zhila/zhilo |
budyet zhit’ |
|
my |
zhivyom |
zhili |
budyem zhit’ |
|
vy |
zhivyotye |
zhili |
budyetye zhit’ |
|
oni |
zhivut |
zhili |
budut zhit’ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
yest’ |
ya |
yem |
yel/yela |
budu yest’ |
to eat |
ty |
yesh’ |
yel/yela |
budyesh’ yest’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
yest |
yel/yela/yelo |
budyet yest’ |
|
my |
yedim |
yeli |
budyem yest’ |
|
vy |
yeditye |
yeli |
budyetye yest’ |
|
oni |
yedyat |
yeli |
budut yest’ |
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix A: Verb Tables 329
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
pit’ |
ya |
p’yu |
pil/pila |
budu pit’ |
to drink |
ty |
p’yosh’ |
pil/pila |
budyesh’ pit’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
p’yot |
pil/pila/pilo |
budyet pit’ |
|
my |
p’yom |
pili |
budyem pit’ |
|
vy |
p’yotye |
pili |
budyetye pit’ |
|
oni |
p’yut |
pili |
budut pit’ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
khotyet’ |
ya |
khochu |
khotyel/khotyela |
budu khotyet’ |
to want |
ty |
khochyesh’ |
khotyel/khotyela |
budyesh’ |
|
|
|
|
khotyet’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
khochyet |
khotyel/khotyela/ |
budyet |
|
|
|
khotyelo |
khotyet’ |
|
my |
khotim |
khotyeli |
budyem |
|
|
|
|
khotyet’ |
|
vy |
khotitye |
khotyeli |
budyetye |
|
|
|
|
khotyet’ |
|
oni |
khotyat |
khotyeli |
budut |
|
|
|
|
khotyet’ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
lyubit’ |
ya |
lyublyu |
lyubil/lyubila |
budu lyubit’ |
to love, to like |
ty |
lyubish’ |
lyubil/lyubila |
budyesh’ |
|
|
|
|
lyubit’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
lyubit |
lyubil/lyubila/ |
budyet lyubit’ |
|
|
|
lyubilo |
|
|
my |
lyubim |
lyubili |
budyem |
|
|
|
|
lyubit’ |
|
vy |
lyubitye |
lyubili |
budyetye |
|
|
|
|
lyubit’ |
|
oni |
lyubyat |
lyubili |
budut lyubit’ |
|
|
|
|
|
330 Part V: Appendixes
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
platit’ |
ya |
plachu |
platil/platila |
budu platit’ |
to pay |
ty |
platish’ |
platil/platila |
budyesh’ |
|
|
|
|
platit’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
platit |
platil/platila/ |
|
|
|
|
platilo |
budyet platit’ |
|
my |
platim |
platili |
budyem platit’ |
|
vy |
platitye |
platili |
budyetye |
|
|
|
|
platit’ |
|
oni |
platyat |
platili |
budut platit’ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
vidyet’ |
ya |
vizhu |
vidyel/vidyela |
budu vidyet’ |
to see |
ty |
vidish’ |
vidyel/vidyela |
budyesh’ |
|
|
|
|
vidyet’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
vidit |
vidyel/vidyela/ |
budyet |
|
|
|
vidyelo |
vidyet’ |
|
my |
vidim |
vidyeli |
budyem |
|
|
|
|
vidyet’ |
|
vy |
viditye |
vidyeli |
budyetye |
|
|
|
|
vidyet’ |
|
oni |
vidyat |
vidyeli |
budut vidyet’ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present |
Past |
Future |
pisat’ |
ya |
pishu |
pisal/pisala |
budu pisat’ |
to write |
ty |
pishyesh’ |
pisal/pisala |
budyesh’ |
|
|
|
|
pisat’ |
|
on/ona/ono |
pishyet |
pisal/pisala/ |
|
|
|
|
pisalo |
budyet pisat’ |
|
my |
pishyem |
pisali |
budyem pisat’ |
|
vy |
pishyetye |
pisali |
budyetye |
|
|
|
|
pisat’ |
|
oni |
pishut |
pisali |
budut pisat’ |
|
|
|
|
|
Russian-English
Mini-Dictionary
A
adryes (ahd-rees) m: address aeroport (uh-eh-ruh-pohrt) m: airport apryel’ (uhp-ryel’) m: April
avgust (ahv-goost) m: August avtobus (uhf-toh-boos) m: bus
B
babushka (bah-boosh-kuh) f: grandmother
balyet (buh-lyet) m: ballet bank (bahnk) m: bank bilyet (bee-lyet) m: ticket
bol’nitsa (bahl’-nee-tsuh) f: hospital bol’shoj (bahl’-shohy): big
bolyen (boh-leen): ill brat (braht) m: brother
brat’/vzyat’(braht’/vzyat’): to take bryuki (bryu-kee): pants
butylka (boo-tihl-kuh) f: bottle byelyj (bye-lihy): white
byt’ (biht’): to be
C
chas (chahs) m: hour chashka (chahsh-kuh) f: cup chasy (chuh-sih): clock
chistyj (chees-tihy): clear
chitat’/prochitat’ (chee-taht’/pruh-chee- taht’): to read
chto (shtoh): what
chto-to (shtoh-tuh): something chyek (chyek) m: check
chyemodan (chee-mah-dahn) m: suitcase chyetvyerg (cheet-vyerk) m: Thursday chyornyj (chohr-nihy): black
D
dalyeko (duh-lee-koh): far davat’/dat’ (duh-vaht’/daht’): to give dlinnyj (dlee-nihy): long
do svidaniya (duh svee-dah-nee-ye): goodbye
doch’ (dohch’) f: daughter dolzhyen (dohl-zhihn): to have to dom (dohm) m: home, house
dorogoj (duh-rah-gohy): dear, expensive
dostavat’/dostat’ (duhs-tuh-vaht’/duhs- taht’): to get
dozhd’ (dohsht’) m: rain drug (drook) m: friend dumat’ (doo-muht’): to think
dvoryets (dvah-ryets) m: palace dvyer’ (dvyer’) f: door
dyedushka (dye-doosh-kuh) f: grandfather
dyekabr’ (dee-kahbr’) m: December
332 Part V: Appendixes
dyelat’/sdyelat’ (dye-luht’/sdye-luht’): to do, to make
dyen’ (dyen’) m: day dyen’gi (dyen’-gee): money
dyeshyovyj (dee-shoh-vihy): cheap dyesyert (dee-syert) m: dessert dyevochka (dye-vuhch-kuh) f: girl dzhinsy (dzhihn-sih): jeans
F
faks (fahks) m: fax firma (feer-muh) f: firm
frukty (frook-tih) m: fruits fyevral’ (feev-rahl’) m: February
G
galstuk (gahls-took) m: tie
gazyeta (guh-zye-tuh) f: newspaper gdye (gdye): where
glavnyj (glahv-nihy): main god (goht) m: year
golova (guh-lah-vah) f: head gora (gah-rah) f: mountain gorod (goh-ruht) m: city gost’ (gohst’) m: guest
gostinitsa (gahs-tee-nee-tsuh) f: hotel
I
idti/khodit’ (eet-tee/khah-deet’): to go by foot
igrat’ (eeg-raht’): to play imyeil (ee-meh-eel) m: e-mail imya (ee-mye) n: name imyet’ (ee-myet’): to have
indyex (een-dehks) m: zip code
inostrannyj (ee-nah-strah-nihy): foreign intyeryes (een-tee-ryes) m: interest iyul’ (ee-yul’) m: July
iyun’ (ee-yun’) m: June iz (ees): from
K
kak (kahk): how
kassa (kah-suh) f: cash register khlyeb (khlyep) m: bread kholodnyj (khah-lohd-nihy): cold khoroshij (khah-roh-shihy): good
khorosho (khuh-rah-shoh) m: all right, well
khotyet’ (khah-tyet’): to want kino (kee-noh) n: movie theater klub (kloop) m: club
kniga (knee-guh) f: book kofye (koh-fee) m: coffee kogda (kahg-dah): when kolyeno (kah-lye-nuh) n: knee
komnata (kohm-nuh-tuh) f: room
kompaniya (kahm-pah-nee-ye) f: company
konyets (kah-nyets) m: end
korichnyevyj (kah-reech-nee-vihy): brown
kostyum (kahs-tyum) m: suit kot (koht) m: cat
kotoryj (kah-toh-rihy): which krasivyj (kruh-see-vihy): beautiful krasnyj (krahs-nihy): red
krovat’ (krah-vaht’) f: bed
kryeditnaya kartochka (kree-deet-nuh- ye kahr-tuhch-kuh) f: credit card
kto (ktoh): who
kurtka (koort-kuh) f: jacket
kvartira (kvuhr-tee-ruh) f: apartment
L
litso (lee-tsoh) n: face lozhka (lohsh-kuh) f: spoon lyegko (leekh-koh): easy
lyekarstvo (lee-kahrst-vuh) n: medicine lyetat’/lyetyet’ (lee-taht’/lee-tyet’): to fly lyeto (lye-tuh) n: summer
lyubit’ (lyu-beet’): to love lyudi (lyu-dee): people
M
magazin (muh-guh-zeen) m: shop maj (mahy) m: May
mal’chik (mahl’-cheek) m: boy malyen’kij (mah-leen’-keey): small mart (mahrt) m: March
mashina (muh-shih-nuh) f: car mat’ (maht’) f: mother
militsiya (mee-lee-tsih-ye) f: police minuta (mee-noo-tuh) f: minute moch’/smohch’ (mohch’/smohch’): can moj (mohy) m: my
molodoj (muh-lah-dohy): young moloko (muh-lah-koh) n: milk morye (moh-ree) n: sea
most (mohst) m: bridge muzh (moosh) m: husband
muzhchina (moo-sh’ee-nuh) m: man muzyej (moo-zyey) m: museum
my (mih): we
myaso (mya-suh) n: meat myedsyestra (meet-sees-trah) f: nurse myesto (myes-tuh) n: seat
myesyats (mye-seets) m: month myetro (meet-roh) n: subway
Appendix B: Mini-Dictionary 333
N
nakhodit’/najti (nuh-khah-deet’/nahy- tee): to find
nalichnyye (nuh-leech-nih-ee): cash nalyevo (nuh-lye-vuh): (to the) left napravo (nuh-prah-vuh): (to the) right nikogda (nee-kahg-dah): never
no (noh): but
noch’ (nohch’) f: night noga (nah-gah) f: leg
nomyer (noh-meer) m: number nos (nohs) m: nose
nosit’ (nah-seet’): wear novyj (noh-vihy): new
noyabr’ (nah-yabr’) m: November nozh (nohsh) m: knife
nravit’sya/ponravit’sya (nrah-veet-sye/ pah-nrah-veet-sye): to like
nyedyelya (nee-dye-lye) f: week
O
obyed (ah-byet) m: lunch offis (oh-fees) m: office
ofitsiant (uh-fee-tsih-ahnt) m: waiter okno (ahk-noh) n: window
oktyabr’ (ahk-tyabr’) m: October on (ohn): he
ona (ah-nah): she oni (ah-nee): they ono (ah-noh): it
osyen’ (oh-seen’) f: fall
otdyel (aht-dyel) m: department otpusk (oht-poosk) m: vacation otyets (ah-tyets) f: father
ovosh’i (oh-vuh-sh’ee): vegetables