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3 · 79
( 3.1). 20161,296 (1 1 ). 2010 5% 2016 11% .
3.1. (1990~2017)
|
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
2005 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016e |
2017e |
|
GDP (%) |
9.8 9.6 8.9 3.9 6.5 3.7 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
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|
1 |
2.4 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
1.6 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
2.5 |
|
2 |
13.0 |
8.9 |
26.2 |
35.8 |
33.5 |
36.1 |
38.5 |
40.5 |
43.7 |
44.2 |
44.2 |
43.3 |
|
1 |
-0.9 |
-1.8 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
2.7 |
1.6 |
4.1 |
6.2 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
7.1 |
6.4 |
|
( )3 |
708 |
771 |
1,130 |
1,024 |
1,155 |
1,107 |
1,125 |
1,094 |
1,052 |
1,130 |
1,158 |
0 |
|
|
8.6 |
4.5 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
|
( %) |
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(%)4 |
2.4 |
2.1 |
4.4 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
|
: e OECD Economic Outlook .
1.GDP %
2.GDP %
4., %
: OECD (2016b), OECD Economic Outlook, Vol. 2016/1, OECD Publishing, Paris. Last updated June 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_outlook-v2016-1-en.
StatLink 2 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933852331
2016~17 138
26 ( 3.1).
.
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∙. , ,
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3.1. : ( 1 7 ,2016~2017)
: OECD 5 OECD 5 ( , , , ,). EU28, OECD .
: World Economic Forum (2016), The Global Competitiveness Report 2016~2017: Full data Edition, Geneva 2016. www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2016-2017-1.
StatLink 2 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933851609
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. ,OECD ( 3.2.A).
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( 3.2.B). , ,
, ,.
3.2. : ( 1 7 ,2016~2017)
A. , |
B. |
: . ,, . ,. , ,, ,. , , ,.
: World Economic Forum (2016), The Global Competitiveness Report 2016~2017: Full data Edition, Geneva 2016. www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2016-2017-1.
StatLink 2 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933851628
3.2.
, , .. ,
, .
3 · 83
“ ” 189 5 (World Bank, 2017). 1 11
. , ,. 2014
‘ (cost-in, cost-out)’ . 2014 1 2015 110% (WTO, 2016).
, ,
, ,, ..,
(OECD, 2007).8)
Box 3.1.
1,052 79. 936 116 ,
45 , 23 , 11 .
,
2006 1,277 1,131 .. .
,. (KREI, 2015). 2012( , ).
. , , , , .
8), CJ .
26.4% .
84 ,
2017 4 , 225 . 0.1ha1 90 .
. ,. .
.
, , ,..
2016 , 49.2%; 60.2%, 50.6%, 39.2%.. 100%, 80%,97% . ( ),
3 1 . 2013
97.2%, 95.9% (KREI, 2015). . 2016
15% 18% . 1960;.
· ,, .9)( : ,, ) . .
1963
9) 4 .
3 · 85
. , 1971
.1978 . (ME) 1980( , 2004).
1980 .1990. .
, , .. , , , ,( , 2013).
며, 2016 14.1% ( , 2016a)., .. .. 4 ( ).( , 2013).
2007 5 ,. 1) , 2) , 3) .,2015 . .
; 1), 2) ,, ,3) R&D , ,, 4), ,
86 ,
, 5) , ,( , 2009).
OECD , 2012 OECD( 3.3). ,.
3.3.OECD (1990~1995,2012)
: , , 1990 95 , .
: Botta, E. and T. Koźluk (2014), “Measuring Environmental Policy Stringency in OECD Countries: A Composite Index Approach”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1177, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ 5jxrjnc45gvg-en.
StatLink 2 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933851647
., , , , , ... , () .
, .
3 · 87
1995, . , 21, ‘ ’, ‘ ’. ‘ ’, ‘ ’ ( , 2016a).
(PPP) . .
( , 2007).,. 2,000. 188 , 247 , 20 , 146
, 24 . , 2011‘ ’ ( , 2013).
.., .
, ,( , 2016a).
, . ..
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(NLS) (PLS). ,.
88 ,
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.. 2006.R&D · .
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, ,. 1,000m2 900m2 .
.
.500m2, 450m2 ,.
(Box 3.2). 1991. ,
, , ,. ,. ,