4. Заключение

Принятие СКЭС комментируемого Определения, хочется надеяться, знаменует начало нового этапа в развитии российского корпоративного права. Во-первых, ВС РФ объявил Закон об ООО "презюмируемо диспозитивным" и на собственном примере показал, как именно стоит подходить к оценке императивности и диспозитивности соответствующих норм. В этой части должны применяться все те подходы, что были ранее выработаны судами в сфере свободы договора в рамках обязательственного права вообще. Во-вторых, было признано, что в основе отношений между участниками ООО лежит товарищеское соглашение, а это максимально приближает нас к тому, чтобы признать существование общих фидуциарных обязанностей участников по отношению друг к другу. В-третьих, решения собраний прямо квалифицированы в качестве сделок и на них распространено действие норм о сделках (с учетом некоторых отличий в природе). Наконец, в-четвертых, СКЭС в целом справедливо высказалась в пользу ограничения диспозитивности при включении в устав вечного абсолютного запрета на выход из ООО (в широком смысле) или его функционального эквивалента в форме условия о заведомо заниженной заранее определенной цене осуществления преимущественного права (хотя в последней части, как было показано выше, подход суда и требует некоторой дополнительной настройки).

В любом случае до принятия Определения по делу ЯТ сложно было даже мечтать о том, что эти идеи в скором времени найдут отражение в судебной практике, - теперь, хочется надеяться, это будет нормой "новой жизни" для российского корпоративного права.

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