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Суровость, строгость реализуется в толковании лексем: severity – harshness, sternness, or rigor [СНУС, 2001; ССАAЯ, 2002]: Their lives were marked by severity [MW, 2010]; harshness – the state of being grim or unpleasantly severe [OLWD 1997; WUDEL 2000]: But what, I worry, will protect their charming villages and gentle people from the harshness of a newer world? [COCA, 2011].

Желание причинить вред, навредить обнаруживаем в лексеме: malice –desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another: the malice and spite of a lifelong enemy [AL, 2008; LDОCE, 2008]: His folly and the malice of his rivals prevented him from remaining anywhere for long [AL, 2008].

Вампиризм, кровожадность находим в дефиниции лексемы bloodthirstiness: the state of being eager to shed blood; murderous [СНУС, 2001; YD, 2010]: <…> First we massacred them, then they massacred us, then it was halftime. I've never seen such violence, such bloodthirstiness, such bad manners [COCA, 2011].

Целенаправленное причинение мучений (физических или психических) выражен в толковании лексемы torture: the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information [OIED, 2003; OWD, 2003]: Torture could last a long time for the immortal, especially if you healed well [AL, 2008].

Признак гонение, преследование, травля, реализуемый в толкованиях лексем: persecution – the act or practice of persecuting on the basis of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation [AL, 2008]:<…>she was pleased to be free herself from the persecution of Lucy's friendship, she was grateful for bringing her sister away unseen by Willoughby [Austen, 2009d]; inquisition – a former special tribunal, engaged chiefly in combating and punishing heresy [СНУС, 2001; ССАAЯ, 2002]: I was planning on falsifying the readings <…>letting you pass this little inquisition, so I could have someone inside here to work with [COCA, 2011].

В лексико-семантической системе английского языка константы Mercy / Cruelty формируются фразеологическими единицами и сентенциями-паремиями. Милосердие концептуализируется как добродетель, воплощенная в любви к людям, оказании помощи, доброте, сочувствии, снисходительности, щедрости; а жестокость

– аморального поведения, недопустимого в обществе. Прослеживается ассоциативная связь жестокости со смертью, насилием, страданиями, гневом, пороком, недоброжелательностью, трусостью, бессердечием, безжалостностью.

Результаты проведенного ассоциативного эксперимента свидетельствуют: в сознании носителей языка константы Mercy / Cruelty маркированы знаками «+» / «–». Милосердие составляет основу лингвокультурного общества. Оно – это, прежде всего, должное поведение человека в рамках морали и нравственности. Жестокость получает отрицательную оценку от англоговорящего субъекта, связанную с моральными и физическими страданиями, насилием, безразличием, отсутствием сострадания.

В дискурсивных пространствах формируется представление о речемыслительной деятельности человека как «способе освоения опыта в определенных ситуациях жизненного мира» [Серебренникова, 2011, с. 9]. В них реализуются константы Mercy / Cruelty, базовые составляющие бытия человека.

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Актуализация рассматриваемых нами феноменов осуществляется в рамках бытийного, религиозного и публицистического дискурсов.

В бытийном дискурсе, воплощенном в художественной форме, отмечается многообразие метафорических моделей концептуализации милосердия и жестокости, формируемых в рамках онтологической парадигмы Человек – Язык – Общество – Культура – Мир. Концептуальную структуру констант Mercy / Cruelty составляют общие метафорические модели «MERCY, CRUELTY IS A HUMAN BEING», «MERCY, CRUELTY IS A SUBJECT», «MERCY, CRUELTY IS SUBSTANCE».

Mercy концептуализируется как человек, который: – проявляет заботу, (mercy spares): But thy mercy spared me, and now the lowest, lowest hell shall not be mine.' Tears forced by these recollections flowed down his cheeks, and for a time he was speechless [COHA, 2011]; – прощает (mercy forgives): If ever Divine mercy forgave a single error to deep repentance and contrition; if ever the voice of God spoke audibly to the sinner's heart, saying, " Neither do I condemn thee; " surely at that moment such consolation was not withheld from hers [COHA, 2011]; – защищает (mercy protects, defends): The slave traders invoked the blessings of Heaven upon their enterprise; and, when returning from their depredations upon the shores of Africa, thanked God for that mercy which had protected them from harm, and blessed their undertaking [COHA, 2011]; –

присматривает за кем-либо (mercy watches over smb): …lie explains the moral doctrines of Christianity, exhorts them to follow the example of our One Great Master, who was himself poor and suffering; encourages them to hope in his goodness, and to see in the present zealous endeavors to ameliorate their condition, a proof that his mercy indeed watches over them [COHA, 2011]. У милосердия есть сердце (mercy’s human heart): For mercy has a human heart, pity – a human face, and love, the human form divine: and peace, the human dress [Blake,1977, p. 8].

Cruelty, как одушевленной сущности, приписывается способность производить очевидные действия: – убивать (my cruelty was murdering her): My cruelty was murdering her; her face grew deathly in its pallor, and she pressed her hands upon her heart [COHA, 2011]; – резать, расчленять (unimaginable cruelty, cutting people to bits while they're still alive): But she senses vaguely, yet clearly enough to ensure her own reticence, that she is deeply ignorant of the extremities this other woman knows, that the tiny piece of their history she's learned from Samuel is only the slender beginning of the story of brutality and unimaginable cruelty, cutting people to bits while they're still alive…[COHA, 2011]; – разлучать (tear people apart): It's such cruelty to tear these families apart. It's unconstitutional and it's inhumane [COHA, 2011]; – приносить боль, страдания (they see cruelty inflicted): The RSPCA also want to change the law which currently makes them wait until they see cruelty inflicted before they can prosecute [BYU

– BNC, 2011]. У жестокости отсутствует такой жизненно важный орган, как сердце

(heartless cruelty): My own heart grew cold as ice, and I could hear the gasp of Arthur, as we recognized the features of Lucy Westenra. Lucy Westenra, but yet how changed. The sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cruelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness [Stocker, 2009].

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Сочетания teach mercy / cruelty, learn mercy / cruelty имплицируют милосердие /

жестокость в качестве неких областей знания, которые можно получить в процессе познавательной деятельности человека: "Magawisca paused – she looked at Everell and said with a bitter smile – "You English tell us, Everell, that the book of your law is better than that written on our hearts, for ye say it teaches mercy, compassion, forgiveness

– if ye had such a law and believed it, would ye thus have treated a captive boy?" [BYU – BNC, 2011]; His education was a training in cruelty and sensuality; his power over life and death was absolute and unquestioned [COHA, 2011].

Mercy – целительный поток воды, который: – способствует нравственному и духовному становлению: In other words, for Luther, all the waters in the world are even now a saving flood of mercy flowing from God [COHA, 2011]; – ведет в рай: …the stream of mercy flowed into Paradise with uninterrupted course, and the beam of prosperity shone with unfading brightness and unsetting splendor [COHA, 2011]; – обладает чудодейственной силой: And, for a transient bliss, you would insure Eternal misery; for you would disturb the fountain, from which mercy flows, and stop its course perhaps for ever; while obedience would gently let its troubled stream subside, and make the chance to taste it almost certain [COHA, 2011].

В английской языковой традиции Cruelty осмысливается как горькое на вкус вещество: In reading your life, no one can say that we have unfairly picked out some rare specimens of cruelty. We know that the bitter drops, which even you have drained from the cup, are no incidental aggravations, no individual ills, but such as must mingle always and necessarily in the lot of every slave [COHA, 2011]. Cruelty – яд, отравляющий жизнь человека: The Church which had cast him off, and poisoned by her cruelty the very fountains of his life, honored him at his burial, and gave him a sepulchre within the walls of her noblest cathedral [COHA, 2011].

Образный компонент константы Mercy представлен концептуальными метафорами: «MERCY IS LIGHT»: He thus established and perfected an institution, which was to last through all ages, and extend over all lands, and be the means of completing the great work of redemption. In the whole of this system of man, the mercy of God appears in all its luster [COHA, 2011]; «MERCY IS A HOUSE»: Escape, escape, while the door of mercy is open – escape, before you are thrust into the inner prison of everlasting despair. If you will hear the voice of God, fellowsinner, harden not your heart. This night, should you lie down careless in sin, you may awake in an eternal hell [COHA, 2011]; «MERCY IS A BIRD»: The spirit of the tear-gemmed throne Bounds o'er me with angelic light; and Mercy, on Love's wings, hath flown to guide my soul's mysterious flight. I leave thee, sister, – thee, the last, a lone one, drooping' mid the dead – a bud, o'er whose pale leaf is cast the blight, from Sorrow's pinion shed. If from the blessed realms of light, love still may own its mortal birth, may soften still affliction's night, thou shalt not, sister, pine on earth [COHA, 2011].

Концептуальную наполняемость Cruelty составляют «CRUELTY IS A THING»:

This system licenses and produces great cruelty. The law places the whip in the hands of the master, and its use, provided he avoid destroying life, is limited only by his own pleasure [COHA, 2011]; «CRUELTY IS FOOD»: Augustness, but as a household drudge. For her food was cruelty and her drink tears. And the shrine of the Senju Kwannon was

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neglected by her parents because of the disappointment and shame of the unwanted gift [COHA, 2011]; «CRUELTY IS TIME»: Through Barty, she had a tantalizing sense of what her own childhood might have been like if her father had allowed her to have one <…>she discovered that at least some part of a child still lived within her. I understood that time is cruelty [Кооntz, 2010].

Врелигиозном дискурсе Mercy относится к главной нравственной ценности и рассматривается как добродетель: Justice, mercy and humility are the things God requires of man and are the fundamental virtues that are the basis of all moral progress, the Rev. Dr. Howard Chandler Robbins of the General Theological Seminary declared in his sermon yesterday morning at St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church, Stuyvesant Square and East Sixteenth Street [The New York Times, 2011]; To mercy, pity, peace and love all pray in their distress, and to these virtues of their delight return the thankfulness

[Blake, 1977, p. 8].

Воплощением милосердия является Иисус Христос: The embodiment of that mercy was Christ, and its sole record Holy Scripture [BYU – BNC, 2011].

Анализ языковой фактологии демонстрирует: Божье милосердие может быть: –

безграничным: Brother, morning and evening I shall name you in prayer and beseech that your eyes be given vision and your soul find peace in the infinite mercy of God [COHA, 2011]; – вечным: He drained his margarita and held up two fingers to order again. " After supper, he called me into his study and tried to scold me. I had fornicated. He wanted me to kneel with him and pray for God's eternal mercy [COHA, 2011]; – нескончаемым: The big woman would have told him, and he would have understood, the unending mercy of God, the Father [COHA, 2011]; – одинаковым для всех:"Our origin is from the same creator, therefore we are all the same in front of God no matter what religion we belong to – Muslim, Orthodox or Roman Catholic. We are all the same and the God's mercy is equal for all," he says [ВВС, 2011].

Милосердие составляет долг, который должен быть исполнен верующими:The church believes that each individual is sacred as a child of God, and that to legalize the killing of an offender is to deny the basic Christian doctrines of forgiveness of sin and the power of redemption, and that mercy is a Christian duty [Daily Mirror, 2011].

Врелигиозном дискурсе жестокость концептуализируется как грех:We do not believe in this idea of a so-called divine wrath; we think that to attribute to God our own vices of anger and cruelty is a terrible blasphemy. We hold to the theory of steady evolution and final attainment for all; and we think that the man's progress depends not upon what he believes, but upon what he does [Russel, 2010]. За этот грех следует наказание: Take pity on him, and fancy him speaking now with my mouth. Remember that the gods punish cruelty, and that Venus hates a hard heart, and will visit such offences sooner or later [COHA, 2011].

Религия противостоит жестокости: A religious man may not always succeed in living in accordance with his ideal but that does not mean that he has abandoned his ideal. Religion without morality is inconceivable for Gandhi. If religion countenances cruelty and untruthfulness it is "sounding brass" and can not claim to have God on its side

[BYU – BNC, 2011]. Но в тоже время жестокость может быть обусловлена именно

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религией: The Secularist says that Christianity produced tumult and cruelty. He seems to suppose that this proves to be bad [Ward, 2010].

Страх – один из предпосылок жестокости: Religion is based, I think, primarily and mainly upon fear. It is partly the terror of the unknown and partly, as I have said, the wish to feel that you have a kind of elder brother who will stand by you in all your troubles and disputes. Fear is the basis of the whole thing – fear of the mysterious, fear of defeat, fear of death. Fear is the parent of cruelty, and therefore it is no wonder if cruelty and religion have gone hand in hand [Russel, 2010].

Гнев перерастает в жестокость: There is a mixture of the above two incidents when Hilary beats up and then nuzzles Margaret, an in this case guilty junior: ("Lust had turned into anger, and anger into cruelty, and now cruelty, partly sated and partly still hungry, was turning into lust again [The Guardian, 2011].

Концептуализация милосердия в публицистическом дискурсе. Оно есть: –

победа: Mark Cavendish remains on the Tour after the tour blazers took mercy on a gruppetto of 80 riders (over half the field) that missed the time limit yesterday, imposing penalties instead of kicking them off the race. The Manx Missile was docked 20 points for his tardiness instead, which has reduced his lead over his nearest rival in the competition for the green jersey, Jose Joaquin Rojas to 15 points [The Guardian, 2011]; – подарок: The government is also reviewing the remaining executive prerogative powers, for example the prerogative to grant mercy. The government will consider the outcome of this work and will consult on how we plan to proceed [ВВС, 2011]; However, this way of understanding the penalty phase overlooks another important element: mercy. Imposing deserved punishment is not the same as granting mercy. By its nature mercy can be granted only to those who deserve death [The New York Times, 2011]; – свет: But mercy shined and loosed their bonds. Instead of an eternal flaming iron brand, or a second-skin slithering steel necklace. They got a milder label: Emancipado. [ВВС, 2011]; – поддержка: "That sanction is no swift penalty," Elmore said. "I call it mercy. When people perjure themselves, you have to go after them hard." [The USA Today, 2011]; – страсть: In David Lean's film Lawrence of Arabia a reporter asks the Hashemite Prince Faisal bin Hussein, played by Alec Guinness, whether his refusal to retaliate for Turkish atrocities is due to the influence of British Major T. E. Lawrence. Faisal reacts with amusement. "With Major Lawrence, mercy is a passion," he says. "With me, it is merely good manners. You may judge which motive is the more reliable." [The Atlantic Magazine, 2011]; – риск: His policy chief, Walter MacFarlane, says the decision was "strictly on the merits" – although the statement never does explain the reasons for clemency. Some Wilder observers accuse him of political gamesmanship in a case where mercy meant little risk. Larry Sabato, who teaches political science at the University of Virginia, says he needed to solidify support in the Hollywood community, which is a source of financing for prominent Democrats [The Newsweek Magazine, 2011];

В этом типе дискурса жестокость ассоциируется как: – война: I am not a particularly learned student of war. But my sense is that, while the Thirty Years War is extreme in its numbers, it is not extreme in its character. War is cruelty, as Sherman said. It can not be "refined." [The Atlantic Magazine, 2011]; – безопасность: The cruelty of the mountains is their accessibility and apparent safety. As McDermott says, you leave

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Fort William and within 45 minutes you're looking at one of the most spectacular landscapes in Britain: 'When you're climbing up there, you're concentrating on getting to the top. You forget your worries and concentrate on the immediate thing' [The Guardian, 2011]; – обращение, призыв, лозунг: Ernest Gebler was a strict disciplinarian and a staunch socialist, psychologically abusive to his young sons but in particular to the elder, originally named Karl, after Marx. This cruelty was manifest in repeated emphasis on the boy's stupidity and in the father's constant references to his 'early son' [The Guardian, 2011]; – награда: But some promises cannot be kept. Back legs come, then front legs. She gives him one last chance to stay the same, but it seems that tadpole just can't keep his word. The caterpillar pines, the tadpole mourns and the rest, you might say, is only natural... The entertaining cruelty is wittily offset by a deceptively pretty view of nature in Tony Ross's irresistible illustrations [The Guardian, 2011]; – враг: Why? “We hide from ourselves our own evil tendencies, and I think there really is a tendency in society to make somebody pay for something,” Cahill told me. “We don’t really care who it is. “I think the real evil in the world is cruelty, and cruelty is the enemy of civilization, the true barbarism,” he continued. “And I think the death penalty, especially as it’s carried out in Texas, is an example.” [The Newsweek Magazine, 2011]; – энергия, которую можно поглотить: Imagine a store that sells different kinds of strength. Like the insurance company that promises to find just the right policy for your needs, this store would help you find exactly the strength you need: strength to leave, strength to stay, strength to lose (a limb, a spouse), strength to accept, strength to absorb cruelty and still be a good person

[The Los Angeles Times, 2011]; – предприятие, в которое вкладывают деньги: "Those who have not have made a conscious decision to invest in cruelty, and we will make sure they are named and shamed in their communities." [The Guardian, 2011].

Жестокость – это центр человечества: Soon after, he came up with 'Archives of Pain', a treatise on the innate human need for revenge, built around such lines as 'Prisons must bring their pain' and 'The centre of humanity is cruelty'. 'He told me, "This a procapital punishment song – I think you'll love it,"' says Wire. 'He smiled as he said it.' [The Guardian, 2011].

Жестокость относится к одной из составляющих юмора, особенно характерной для комедийных жанров: If the increasing acceptability of Amis's tone shows how cruelty has become an accepted ingredient of humour, television comedy in general establishes the extent to which surrealism has gone mainstream. This column has already commented on the Beckettian ambitions of One Foot In The Grave (tonight, 9.15pm, BBC1), this week reaching its final episode [The Guardian, 2011].

Она (жестокость) – это контейнер, наполненный до краев положительными эмоциями, например, оптимизмом: Today's serious American films, on the other hand, use a formulaic psychologizing to acquit their characters of their violence, thereby making it a neutral spectacle. That's how American movie cruelty can brim with such optimism

[The Atlantic Magazine, 2011].

В мире человека и природы все опричинено. В многогранной сфере бытия беспричинных зависимостей не существует [М. В. Малинович, 2011а, с. 28]. Анализ языковой фактологии свидетельствует: экспликация констант Mercy / Cruelty осуществляется через модус-константу Причинность как экзистенциально значимую

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основу в понимании процессуальности мира, общества, практической жизнедеятельности людей и их культур [М. В. Малинович, 2007, с. 400].

(1)If he truly is to overcome his past and rise to new life, he must lean into a mercy that will not only transform him but will indeed give him a new identity, one so promising and challenging, he will hardly be able to recognize the self he used to be [BYU – BNC, 2011]. Милосердие формирует духовно-нравственную личность.

(2)You hear a great deal about parents who spoil their children by excessive kindness; but I venture to think that a greater number of children are spoiled by stupidity and cruelty on the part of their parents [BYU – BNC, 2011]. Следствием отрицательного влияния жестокости на человека становится его нравственная деградация.

В английском языковом сознании константа Mercy в статусе Причины рефлексирует особенности человеческого характера: – доброту: But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, he saved us, not because of any works of righteousness that we had done, but according to his mercy, through the water of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit [BYU – BNC, 2011]; – покорность: Public policy may require that the offenders, though convicted, should be forgiven: severity may increase the opposition of that part of the community which was engaged in the combination; mercy may produce conciliation and submission; but if the guilt is proved, no such considerations can be admitted into the deliberations of the court [COСA, 2011].

Экспликация константы Сruelty в статусе Причины осуществляется через наличие в характере человека волевых качеств: According to Philip Hallie, cruelty implies power and tends to limit the victim's freedom. And this is what Jose Claudio successfully does [COСA, 2011].

Жестокость вызвана бунтарским характером человека: And that is the book's horror too: some form of this same fury of trivia is going on in the mind of every sentient person on the planet. How much cruelty is occasioned simply because of the noise that is within us: the din is too great for us to realize exactly what we are doing to others, or what is being done to others in our name [COНA, 2011].

В английском языковом сознании константы Mercy / Cruelty в статусе Следствия рефлексирует особенности человеческого характера:

(1)HENRY sits BAILIFF Do you swear to tell the truth at this trial? MARK SMEATON Yes. The BAILIFF takes the Bible away THOMAS CROMWELL Again I warn you, Mark Smeaton, that there will be mercy only for those who tell truth [COHA, 2011]. Mercy обусловлена таким свойством человека, как правдивость.

(2)He tried, by ten thousand playful, innocent, endearing tricks, to make me forget my seriousness; but all in vain; for I knew what it was to be a coward – to have your heart full of cowardly blood. I knew that it would lead to cruelty, deceit, and death [COСA, 2011]; Anna reminded herself that Marge always treated her well and that she was the only person besides Stanley who ever took her anywhere, but she disliked herself for not objecting to casual cruelty that sprang from ignorance. When she was still teaching, she used to lead her students gently to consider points of view different from their own [COСA, 2011]; If he is cruel, the cruelty is the result of ignorance, superstition, or a

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wrong understanding [COСA, 2011]. Сruelty рефлексирует особенности человеческого характера – трусость и невежественность.

Впричинном дискурсе «милосердие» / «жестокость» эксплицируются через психическое состояние человека.

Милосердие вызывает у человека чувство внутренней комфортности, проявляющееся в отсутствии отрицательных эмоций:

Louie, too, awoke, heard the plan, and tried to warn them against it. Any attempt, he said, to communicate with those not on Eden would surely increase the wrath of Those who wanted only the natural state here – a wrath still withheld because of superhuman mercy, but which must not be tried too far [COСA, 2011].

Константа Cruelty в сфере Причинности имеет различную функциональную значимость: Жестокость – Причина ненависти (1), несчастья (2): (1) Gervase of Canterbury reports that "the great nobles of Aquitaine hated him because of his great cruelty ". Ralph of Diss heard that he" oppressed his subjects with unjustified demands and a regime of violence " [BYU – BNC, 2011]; (2) It's good for everybody. I can not have you intimidating it out of him. Your brother is an extremely sensitive boy, you know that. He's probably sitting in that room right now crying because of your cruelty, the poor little guy [COСA, 2011]; Жестокость – Следствие внутреннего неустойчивого состояния человека, вызванного гневом: It is almost impossible for a man to be angry only so far as he ought to be; he will exceed the right limit, his anger will degenerate into pride, sullenness, malice, cruelty, revenge, and hatred. It will inflame his diseased soul, and poison it [BYU – BNC, 2011].

Сопряженность семантических констант Mercy / Cruelty подтверждается наличием причинно-следственных отношений с внутренним состоянием человека:

(1) Her insistence that cruelty is by far the worst of the vices, and that fear and the fear of fear that cruelty inspires (especially when state sponsored and inflicted) are the most debilitating and destructive of human experiences is more pointed [COСA, 2011]; Despite the terror which as a result of his ruthlessness, cruelty and ungovernable rages his name evoked, he had by the time of the British invasion lost effective control of his country except around his mountain fortress of Magdala [BYU – BNC, 2011].

Жестокость становится причиной страха.

(2) And it keeps hope alive that poor women themselves will taste justice on this earth according to the promise that God's " mercy is from age to age, on those who fear him

[COСA, 2011]. Милосердие опричинено страхом: оно – для страждущих и боящихся.

Человек предстает в двух ипостасях – мужчина и женщина. Оппозиция «мужской – женский» – фундаментальная для человеческой культуры [Маслова, 2005, с. 120]. Mercy / Cruelty входят в число универсальных констант моральнонравственного мира человека, являются ключевыми для раскрытия гендерного аспекта, имплицируя социально-биологические характеристики полов.

Ванглийской языковой картине мира милосердие воплощено в женском начале: But a woman, whether she has other jobs or not, always stands up straight in the heart of her home and nourishes our feelings with affection, mercy, and love [The Guardian, 2011].

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В телесной человеческой природе человека заложены нормы, которыми он должен руководствоваться в сфере морального [Гумбольдт, 1985, с. 144]. Природная красота женщины – в милосердии, которое раскрывает ее внутренний духовный мир:

At thirty-nine, Glenda's face was a collision of two centuries. Her girlhood beauty had embodied the nineteenth-century feminine ideals of hope, charity and mercy as portrayed in naive American statuary, but life had blasted her hot and hard and now the nerves of her face seemed too raw to feel hope [COСA, 2011].

Мужская сила кроется в чувстве исполнения морального долга:

Two days later, The Times, comparing Castro to a variety show performer, seemed to advocate a more physical response: the European power shave naturally looked to Uncle Sam, who is a kind of unwilling director of the whole South American vaudeville programme, to insist on an improvement. Uncle Sam, however, is long-suffering and full of mercy toward the southern performers whom he shelters beneath his Monroe doctrine wing [COСA, 2011]. В данном фрагменте дискурса эксплицируется внутренний мир человека, наполненный высшими добродетелями – терпимостью и милосердием

(Uncle Sam is long-suffering and full of mercy toward the southern performers). В своем выборе мужчина руководствуется требованием исполнения нравственного долга – помочь людям, оказавшимся в трудном положении (the southern performers whom he shelters).

Жестокость – характерная черта мужчины (2) и женщины (1):

(1)And then the cruelty that lies in every woman made her shake her head and say, " No – that isn't why nice folks wait a whole year. They wait to give each other plenty of time to change their minds" [COСA, 2011]; But Bianca was not lacking in that strange quirk of utterly feminine cruelty which is so much a part of every woman [COСA, 2011];

(2)Added to the dread of separation, most painful to the majority of the slaves, we all had a decided horror of the thought of falling into the hands of Master Andrew. He was distinguished for cruelty and intemperance [COСA, 2011]; Yet, like many enthusiasts, Gregory was capable of acts of excessive cruelty, and his convent was ruled with unsparing severity [COСA, 2011].

Женщина приобретает жестокость в процессе социализации:

She was despondent and had applied twelve leeches to her breasts to drain from her the milk of generosity. That she might acquire a cruelty of heart. Now she may not be deceived again [COСA, 2011].

Природа упрекает женщину за жестокость:

Meantime Ellen lay upon her couch, tossed with many conflicting emotions. Her better nature reproached her for her injustice and cruelty toward her innocent cousin, and almost persuaded her to cease her persecutions, and even to strive to imitate her winning virtues…[COСA, 2011].

Причина женской непривлекательности кроется в ее жестокости. Она отталкивает от себя людей своим внешним видом:

The sex in these books, in short, is not normal. Except for the insane and the emotionally ill, men and women do not derive pleasure from hurting or frustrating their partners. Women do not generally rip off their own clothing at the first sight of a man,

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ugly or not. Women are not attracted by cruelty; they are repelled. And very few rational women take drooling as a true compliment [COСA, 2011].

Воплощением жестокости является мужчина:

It is difficult to form an idea of his character which can reconcile in any manner the contradictory opinions that exist concerning him. While he is represented abroad as a mere monster of cruelty, his conduct in the government of the country appears by no means deficient in the qualities of statesmanship [COСA, 2011].

Мужчина хвастается своей жестокостью:

When the enemy really came, no man dared to speak of their approach, and Amycl was easily conquered. Lysidas boasted of salutary cruelty; and in the same breath told me the Helots loved their masters [COСA, 2011]; The man referred to passed among the sailors under the name of Bloody Dick, for the atrocities of which he used to boast, and for his known cruelty whenever he had an opportunity of exercising it [COСA, 2011].

Объектом мужской жестокости становится женщина:

It must be confessed that much cruelty is practiced upon women and dumb beasts. There are men, brutalized by liquor, who inflict torture upon their wives and horses every day of their lives [COСA, 2011].

Жестокость со стороны мужа – причина развода:

Vera now worked for the department of social services, specializing in child welfare. She had divorced her husband Nevin for mental and emotional cruelty, and spoke calmly about this, and about her refusal to let Nevin see their child, Hadley [COСA, 2011].

Проникновение в сложную смысловую структуру констант Mercy / Cruelty через выявление основных механизмов объективации их двойственной природы ориентировано на раскрытие различных ипостасей внутреннего мира человека, его семантического пространства, в котором существенную значимость получают семантические универсалии, составляющие основу духовно-нравственной человеческой жизни. Методологический и эмпирический базис научного познания семантически объѐмных констант Mercy / Cruelty восполняет представление о механизмах порождения универсальных смыслов и их функционировании в концептуальном пространстве языка и речи англоговорящего субъекта.

Полученные результаты открывают перспективы для дальнейшего научного изучения констант Mercy / Cruelty.

Очевидна актуальность специального исследования в сопоставительном аспекте со смежными константами семиосферы внутреннего мира человека.

Немаловажный исследовательский интерес может быть сосредоточен на изучении актуализации констант Mercy / Cruelty невербальными средствами общения.

Перспективным, на наш взгляд, является сопоставительное исследование языковой концептуализации Mercy / Cruelty на материале разносистемных языков.

Основные положения диссертации отражены в следующих публикациях:

1. Куликова, Л.В. Mercy / Cruelty – семантически сопряженные константы

семиосферы внутреннего мира человека [Текст] / Л.В. Куликова // Вестник Иркутского государственного технического университета. – Иркутск: ИГТУ, 2012. – № 5 (64). – С. 331–336 (0,6 п.л.).