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7.… he answered sharply.

8.… he said sympathetically.

9.… he said fiercely.

10.… he said brutally.

11.… he said angrily.

12.… he said accusingly.

13.… he said callously.

14. … he said passionately.

15.… he said defiantly.

16.… he said complacently.

1.Don’t keep asking such silly questions.

2.You should treat your elders with more respect.

3.I shall always love you.

4.Mind your own business.

5.No one cares whether you live or die.

6.I thought you said you were ill yesterday.

7.That’s your problem, not mine.

8.You can go to the devil!

9.You could try reading it up the right way.

10.Tell me what to say to her.

11.You think you are a genius, don’t you?

12.I quite understand how you feel.

13.Let’s try again, shall we? It is rather difficult. 14.I think it’s been a very pleasant evening. 15.I’ve made very good progress.

16.That’s what I intend to do and no one’s going to stop me.

Exercise 72.

Put in appropriate forms of “ask, say and tell”.

WHO HAS THE LAST DAY?

Some people (always) (are always saying) that they don’t build cars as they used to. What nonsense! I walked round the beautiful new Ferrari again, admiring its lines, when my thoughts were rudely interrupted. “Will you be here long?” a voice … sharply. “I haven’t made up my mind yet,” I …, looking up at a sour-faced traffic warden. “Well, you can’t stop here”, He … me. “Who … so?” I … him cheekily. “I … so,” he … to me. “It … here,” he added, “in case you can’t read, “No Waiting”. “You read very well. Go to the top of the

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class!” I … him, “but I’ll make my own decisions”. “Oh, will you?” the traffic warden … “Then so will I and I’ve decided to give you a ticket”, he … to me with relish as he began filling out a form. “Go ahead,” I … him. “This car doesn’t belong to me anyway. I wish it did!”

Exercise 73.

Put the following into direct speech, using a dialogue form.

Tom: Would you like to come for a drive tomorrow, Ann?

Ann: I’d love to etc.

TRIP TO STRATFORD

1.Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day.

2.Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going.

3.He said he’d leave it to her.

4.She suggested Stratford …

5.adding that she hadn’t been there for ages.

6.Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day.

7.Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.

8.Tom said they’d find out when they go there …

9.adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play.

10.He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten.

11.Ann said with regret that she couldn’t as she had to type a report first.

12.Tom expressed horror at the idea of working on Saturday …

13.and advised her to change her job.

14.She told him not to be ridiculous and explained that …

15.she had volunteered to type the report in return for a free afternoon the following week.

16.She pointed out that she hadn’t known that he was going to ask her out.

17.Tom said he supposed it was all right but …

18.warned her not to make a habit of volunteering for weekend work.

19.Ann promised not to.

20.Tom said gloomily that he supposed she’d be busy all morning.

21.Ann assured him that she’d be finished by 11.00 and …

22.offered to meet him at the bus stop at Hyde Park Corner.

23.Tom said that it wasn’t a very good meeting place and that he’d call for her.

24.Ann said that was very kind of him and she’d be waiting in the hall.

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HILL CLIMB

25.Tom suggested climbing to the top, adding that the view from there was marvellous …

26.but Ann said that they’d been climbing for three hours and that she was too tired to go any further.

27.She suggested that Tom should go on up while she went down and waited there.

28.Tom agreed and handed her the car keys, advising her to wait in the car. 29.He promised to be as quick as he could.

30.Ann said that if he was too long there’d be no lunch left, for she’d have eaten it all.

Exercise 74.

Put the following into indirect speech.

Remember:

“What about” often introduces suggestion and is then reported by suggest: “What about flying?” he said.

He suggested flying.

“I can’t come at 1.00,” said Ann. “Then what about 2.00?” said Tom.

Ann said she couldn’t come at 1.00, soTom suggested 2.00.

“Why don’t you” often introduces suggestions or advice and is then reported by suggest or advise:

“I wonder if Tom is coming,” said Ann. “Why don’t you ask him?” I said.

Ann wondered if Tom was coming. I advised her to ask him or I suggested (her) asking him.

“Could I have” is normally reported by ask for: “Could I have a cup of coffee?” she said.

She asked (me) for a cup of coffee.

“Could you” used for requests is reported by ask + object + infinitive: “Could you sign the book, please?” he said.

He asked me to sign the book.

But when “Could you” introduces an ordinary question the verb is reported unchanged:

“Could you live entirely on your own?” he said.

He asked if I could live entirely on my own.

“Would you mind waiting/signing” etc. can be reported:

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He asked me to wait/sign etc. or

He asked if I would mind waiting/signing etc.

Offer can be used in two constructions:

“Would you like a drink?”

He offered me a drink.

“Shall I wait for you?” I’ll wait for if you like”.

He offered to wait for me.

When the infinitive is used it must be placed directly after offer. The person addressed is not mentioned in this construction.

1.“Shall we have dinner somewhere after the theatre?” said Peter. “Yes, let’s” said Ann. “What about going to that place Gack is always talking about?”

(For Yes, let’s put Ann agreed).

2.“Jack’s parents have asked me to supper tomorrow night”, said Ann “What shall I wear?” “You should wear something warm, dear”, said her mother. “It’s a terribly cold house”.

3.“I’m broke,” said Jack. “Shall I lend you some money?” said Peter.

4.“It will take a little time to look up your file”, said the clerk. “Is it worth waiting,” said Ann, “or shall I go away and come back later?”

5.“Shall I have to do the whole exam again if I fail in one paper?” said the student. “Yes,” said the teacher.

6.“Where will you be tomorrow,” I said, “in case I have to ring you?” “I shall be in my office till six”, said the old man, “and after that at my flat. I shan’t be going to the club”.

7.“What shall I do with this cracked cup?” Mary asked. “You’d better throw it away,” said her mother.

8.“Shall I ever see him again?” she wondered.

9.“Would you mind getting out of the car?” said the driver. “I have to change a wheel”. “Shall I help you?” I said.

10.“I’ve run out of petrol,” said the man. “Could you possibly give me a lift to the next village?”

11.“Shall we go for a walk?” said Peter. “I like walking,” said Ann, “but at the moment my only comfortable walking shoes are being mended. What about going for a drive instead?”

12.“You’ve got a lot of parcels,” he said. “Shall I carry some of them for you?” 13.“Shall we be in time?” muttered Tom, looking at his watch. (Use wonder). 14.“What shall I do with all this foreign money?” said Peter. “Why don’t you

take it to the bank and get it changed?” said Mary.

15.“Would you like a cigarette?” said Peter. “No, thanks”, said Jack. “I don’t smoke”.

16.“Would you like to come with us?” they said. “There’s plenty of room in the car”. “I’d love to”, said Ann.

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(a) He suggested going

Though possible in certain cases are:

(b)He suggested that they should go

(c)He urged/advised them to go

He said, “Let’s not go” can be expressed by any of these constructions in the negative; but suggest + negative gerund is slightly less usual than the others and is often replaced by the (b) type of construction or by:

He was against going/against the idea/against it. He was opposed to the idea/He opposed the idea etc.

2. He said, “Let’s them go”, can become:

(a)He suggested that they should go/suggested their going but usually it express an obligation and becomes:

(b)He said that they should/ought to go.

Very occasionally it expresses a command and becomes:

(c)He said that they were to go.

(d)“Let him/them” cal also express the speaker’s indifference:

“Everyone will laugh at you, I said. “Let them!” he retorted. He expressed indifference/said didn’t mind.

3. Let is also an ordinary verb meaning allow:

“Let me go!” the boy said to the policeman.

The boy asked the policeman to let him go.

1.“Let’s go to the cinema”, said Ann. “Yes, let’s” I said.

2.The Prime Minister said, “Let us show the nation that we are worthy of their confidence”. (Use urged).

3.“Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother,” begged the child.

4.“Let’s eat out tonight”, said Ann. “Too expensive”, objected Tom. “Why don’t we go back to your flat and have scrambled eggs?”

5.The police officer said, “Let’s leave the wrecked car here for a bit. It may remind other drivers to be more careful”.

6.“The neighbours will object!” said Ann. “Let them”, said Tom.

7.“Let’s go on a diet”, said Ann. “All right”, said Mary reluctantly.

8.“Tom made this mess. Let him clear it up,” said his father.

9.“It’s Mothering Sunday tomorrow”, said the boy. “Let’s buy Mum some flowers”.

10.“Let’s take a tent and camp out”, said Bill.

11.“Let’s give a party”, said Ann. “Let’s not”, said her husband.

12. I said, “Let’s not jump to conclusions. Let’s wait till we hear confirmation of this humour”.

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13.“The newspapers will say it’s your fault”, warned his colleagues. “Let them say what they like”, he said.

14.“Let the nations forget their differences and work together for peace,” said the preacher.

15.“Let me explain”, she said. “Don’t be in such a hurry”.

16.“Let the children play in the garden if they want to”, she told the gardener. “I’m sure they won’t do any harm”.

17.“Let’s stay here till the storm has passed”, I said.

18.“It’s the government’s fault. Let them do something about it,” grumbled my father.

Exercise 76.

Put the following into indirect speech.

Remember:

must (first person)

“I must” can remain unchanged but usually becomes had to though would have to is better for an obligation which has only just arisen or is likely to arise in the future.

Reading the letter he said, “Good heavens! I must go at once!” He said, “If she gets worse I must stay with her”.

These would become respectively:

He said that he’d have to go and He said that he’d have to stay.

“must I?” usually becomes had to.

“I must not” usually remains unchanged. must (second and third persons)

“you/he must” usually remains unchanged. “must you/he?” usually becomes had to.

“you/he must not” remains unchanged or becomes weren’t to/wasn’t to. must used for permanent commands or prohibitions or to express advice always remains unchanged.

must used to express deduction never changes.

needn’t

“I needn’t” can change to didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to in the same way that “I must” changes to had to/would have to, but it very often remains unchanged.

“you/he needn’t” usually remains unchanged.

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“need I/you/he?” remains unchanged or becomes had to.

have to

Forms with have to follow the usual rules. Remember that “had to” in direct speech will become had had to in indirect:

He said, “After the lecture I had to rush home”.

He said that after the lecture he had had to rush home.

1.He said, “If what you say is true I must go to the police”.

2.He said, “ I must be at the docks at six a.m. tomorrow.”

3.“Must you make such a noise?” he asked.

4.“You mustn’t come in without knocking”, he told us.

5.“Your ticket will cost $5,” I said. “In that case,” said my nephew, “I must go to the bank tomorrow”.

6.Park notice: Dogs must be kept on a lead.

7.His father said, “Tom must work harder next term”.

8.“You needn’t come in tomorrow”, said my employer. “Take the day off”.

9.“I must go to the dentist tomorrow”, he said. “I have an appointment”.

10.Notice: Passengers must not lean out of the window.

11.He said, “There must be someone in the house; there’s smoke coming from the chimney”.

12.She said, “When you are a big boy you’ll have to tie your own shoes”. 13.“Port wine must never be shaken”, my wine-merchant said.

14.“He hasn’t had anything to eat since breakfast; he must be starving,” she said.

15.The official said, “This passport photo isn’t like you at all. You must have another one taken”.

16.“You mustn’t play with knives, children,” said their mother. 17.“I needn’t get up till nine tomorrow”, I said.

18.Railway regulations: Passengers must be in possession of a valid ticket before travelling.

19.“How did you get your bulldog up the escalator? I said. “I carried him”, said Tom. “You must be very strong”, I said admiringly.

20.“You mustn’t tell anyone what I’ve just told you”, she said to me. 21.“Need I eat it all, mummy?” said the child. “Yes, dear, you must”, she said. 22.“I had to drive your pigs out of my garden”, she said.

23.“Sticks and umbrellas must be left at the desk,” said the notice in the museum.

24.“Must you do it all tonight? Couldn’t you leave some for tomorrow?” I asked her.

25.“When you go through Bayeux you must see the tapestry,” he told me. 26.He said, “You must walk faster; you are far too slow”.

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27.“You mustn’t forget to put the stamp on or your friend will have to pay double postage,” he told me.

28.“I needn’t tell you how grateful I am”, he said.

Exercise 77.

Consumer report.

Give the actual comments made to researchers for the Consumers’

Association magazine Which?

We collected opinions about sleeping quilts from 1,200 members. Members owning quilts liked them chiefly for the case of making the bed, for their warmth, and for their light weight. The two biggest grumbles were that sleeping quilts sometimes tended to slip off the bed and were sometimes too warm or too cold. Most members who hadn’t got quilts said they were happy with the blankets they already had or liked to be tucked in firmly at night (not possible with quilts) or thought that quilts were too expensive.

(from Which? Magazine, October 1980)

Exercise 78.

Translate into English.

1.Час назад он сказал, что приедет сюда вечером.

2.Она напомнила мне, что вечером будет собрание.

3.Она сказала, что Джейн хорошо играет на рояле.

4.Она сказала с грустью, что должна уехать.

5.Она сказала в отчаянии, что никогда больше не будет счастлива.

6.Она воскликнула в негодовании, что он лжет.

7.Он сказал, что эти книги продаются во всех магазинах.

8.Я был уверен, что его пошлют на конференцию

9.Она сказала, что на каникулах хочет поехать по Волге.

10.Он сказал, что потерял часы.

11.Он сказал, что они обсудят этот вопрос на следующей неделе. 12.Она сказала, что они играют в футбол с утра.

13.Я сказал, что долго не играл в крикет.

14.Мой брат сказал, что очень устал, так как 3 часа играл в крикет. 15.Она сказала, что игра не состоится, если погода будет плохая.

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Exercise 79

Translate into English.

1.Он меня спросил, курю ли я.

2.Я спросил Мэри, сможет ли она сходить в магазин.

3.Я его спросил, ходит ли он на прогулку каждый вечер.

4.Джек меня спросил, умею ли я плавать.

5.Я спросил учителя, можно ли с ним поговорить.

6.Джон меня спросил, иду ли я в кафе.

7.Г-н Смит спросил, отправил ли я его письмо.

8.Я спросил отца, вернул ли сосед книгу.

9.Он меня спросил, поеду ли я на следующей неделе в Бостон.

10.Линда меня спросила, кто руководит этим учреждением.

11.Он спросил продавца, сколько стоит эта пишущая машина.

12.Боб меня спросил, где живет Джейн.

13.Анна меня спросила, куда я иду.

14.Я спросил учителя, что значит это слово.

15.Мэри спросила, почему я так много курю.

16.Джимми спросил ее, кто ей звонил час тому назад.

17.Боб спросил Линду, почему она ему ничего не сказала про этот замечательный концерт в Карнеги Холл.

18.Том меня спросил, когда вернется г-н Джонсон.

19.Ева спросила меня, где я проведу свои каникулы.

Exercise 80.

Translate into English.

1.Том сказал, что лифт не работает.

2.Анна сказала, что она живет в Бостоне.

3.Она сказала, что они часто ходят в кино.

4.Линда сказала, что они идут в кино.

5.Джон сказала, что Смиты переехали в Лос-Анджелес.

6.Мэри сказала, что вчера вечером ей звонил Том.

7.Джо мне сказал, что через час вернется домой.

8.Анна сказала Джону, что она не может с ним пойти в кино.

9.Он сказала, что ему надо закончить сочинение к двум часам.

10.Ева сказала, что она вышла из дома до того, как пришла телеграмма.

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ:

1.Предисловие ……………………………………………………3

2.Reported/Indirect Speech Introduction ………………………… 4

3.Reported Statements …………………………………………… 11

4.Reported Questions ……………………………………………. 27

5.Reported Requests, Commands,

Suggestions, Exclamations …………………………………….. 35

6.Review Exercises ………………………………………………. 46

7.Библиографический список

7.Библиографический список

1.John Eastwood, Ronald Mackin. A Basic English Grammar with Exercises. Oxford, 1989.

2.Digby Beaumont, Colin Grander. The Heineman English Grammar. Oxford, 1992.

3.Dave Willis. Student’s Grammar. Collins Birmingham University

International Language Database, 1991.

4.Michael Vince. Advanced Language Practice. Oxford, 1994.

5.Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge, 1995.

6.К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич. Практическая грамматика английского языка. Москва, 1996.

7.Т.И. Матюшкина – Герке и др. Учебник для I курса филологических факультетов университетов. М.: Высш. шк., 1990.

8.О.И. Ивицкая, О.Н. Самарова и др. Hello, Britain! Интенсивный курс для продолжающих. Москва, 1993.

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