Сraig. Dental Materials

702

Index

R e i n sealrmts-conl'd

Setting time-cont'd

enamel surhtce preparation.

zinc phosphate cement, 5991,

210-211

601-602

glass ionomer. 211

zinc polyacrylate cement, 599t, 613

light-cured. 207

ZOE cementa, 599t, 606, 609

polynlerization. air inhil>ition of.

Shear, 70

207-2023

Shear strength, 85-86

propertie\. 208, 209f

Imnding materials, 2 6 3

self-cured. 207

Shelf life, 60

Resin-lxwxl materials

denture base materials. 651

composites. See Composites.

Shore A hardness test, 106-107

polymers and polyrnerizalion.

mouth protectorh, 220t

See, IJolymers antl polymerization.

Shrinkage

hcal:ints. See Resin se:ll:rnts.

See a1.w Dimensional change

Iksins, 428

compohites, 237, 239

I<esrorntionh.forces on. 68-69

clenture Ixse materials, 647-6423

l<hodium (Ilh). 4511, 453

Silanes, 235

Ring-opening polymerization, 192

Silicones

I<ocltwellIxtrdness test. 106

elastic motlulus, 78t

I<oom rern~e~.:ltl~re-u~licanizedsilicone

heat-vulcanized silicone for maxillo-

for mexi1lohci:rl materials,

f.l c:.~1rmaterials. 676-677

676-677

oils, 428

Iloor c;ln;il instrumenls

polymerization, 193

K type files and reamers. 499-502

room telnperati~re-villcanized

Ni-Ti, 502-503

silicone for maxilloficial materials,

Ilohin, 429

676-677

I l u ~ h e n i ~ r(RLI)n ~ 45lt,. 453

t e x enel-gy, 1011

viscosity soon aher mixing, 92t

Silver (Ag), 451t, 453-454

Ag-Sn alloy, 173, 291-292

Au-I'd-Ag alloys, 582t, 5 8 3 , 584

hillary Ag-Cu alloys, 172

S. scr118~iis. 651

ductility antl malleability, 79t

oxidation-recluction potentials for

S:ili\.:l

and d e n t ~ ~retenlion,e 32

corrosion actions in water, 56t

S:ilmonelia typhimurium, 139-140

I'd-Ag ;~lloys.582t. 583t, 584

Smdarac, 429

Silver solder, 474

Sandwich technique, 627

Silver-formed dies, 376

Scattering coefficient of light, 45

Silver-tin alloy, 173, 291-292

Sciences ;~pplic;il)le,2-4

Simult:lneo~~s,du:d viscosity elastomeric

Sedants

impression technique, 351-352

enclodontic. See Endodontic

Single-viscosity elastomeric impression

sealers.

technique, 352

pit nncl fissure. See Pit and fissure

Sintering porcelain restorations, 553-554,

se:il:ints

558-560

resin. See Resin sealants.

Skin sensitization test in guinea pigs, 141

Self-cured composites, 236

Smear layer, 128-129

denture plastics, 659-660

Soap molecules on was, spreading

dispensing, 245

of water containing, 26, 27f

~ x ~ k a g i nofg. 237

S o d i ~ ~oleanarem in water, 26

polymerization, 246

Sodium tetralmmte, 545

Self-cured seal:mts. 207

Solders and soldering operations

Setting reaction

fluxes, 545-546

compomxs, 248-249, 618

general suggestions for soldering,

composite cements, 619-620

543- -.544-

composites, 236

infrared soldering, 544, 545f

glass ionomer cement, 614-615

noble alloys, 468-474, 545-546

hylxid ionomer cement, 617

Solid solution alloys, 171

zinc polyacrykate cement. 612

Solid surface analysis, 20-22

ZOEcements, 605

Sols, 23

Setting time, 60

agar hydrocolloids. See Agar

See ul.so Working time

impressions.

alginate impressions, 337

a l ~ i n a t ehydrocolloids. See Alginate

cements, 599t

~mpressions.

composites, 237, 23%

Soluhility

ehstomeric impressions,

cements, 60, 59%

361-362

composites, 23'3, 240

glass ionomer cement, 59%. 615

denture base n~aterials,648-649

gypsum products, 397-399, 400t

glass ionomer cement, 599t, 616

Index

703

Strength-cont'd

Surface tension and wetting, 25-28, 29t

Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys-cont'd

tensile strength. See Tensile strength.

Syneresis, 24

cast titanium, 489-491

transverse strength. See Transverse

casting, 538-539

strength.

commerciallv pure titanium. 488

ultimate strength, 75-76

. ...

crowns and 'h;idges. 488, -19-1-45.503

yield strength. See Yield strength.

T

'?'!,

~mplsnrs.15-. 158. -88. -91--194

, . %,b$

zinc phosphate cement, 602

;..I.

nickel-riranlum endodonr~cinmu-

zinc polyacrylate cement, 613

. e.-,

menrs. 502-503

Streptococcus oralis, 650

Tarnish, 59-60

nickel-titanium wrought alloy,

Stress, 69-70

noble solders, 471-472

504-505, 506f

analysis and dental structure design,

Tear energy (79,

100

Ni-Ti load deflection curve, 80, 81f

110-113

Tear strength, 99-100

Ni-Ti root canal instruments, 502-503

bridges, 71f

elastomeric impressions, 364-365

orthodontic wires, 488, 506

compressive stress. See Compressive

mouth protectors, 220t

Ti types, 585t, 586t, 587

strength.

Temperature, 47, 48f

Ti-6AI-4V, 489

elastic limits, 73-74, 75f

calcium sulfate-bonded investments,

uses of, 488

elongation. See Elongation.

effect on, 408-410

Titanium-molybdenum alloy, 505-506

fatigue stress. See Fatigue strength.

gelation temperature, agar hydrocol-

TMA (thermomechanical analysis),

finite element analysis, 111

loids, 342

48, 49f

fracture stress. See Fracture strength.

gypsum products, reaction of, 396

Toothpaste, 200-203

proportional limits. See Proportional

transition temperatures, 47-50

Torsion, 70, 89-90

limits.

Tensile strength

Toughness, 80

stress-strain curves. See Stress-strain

amalgam, 295, 297, 306

See also Hardness; Strength

curves.

Bis-GMA resin sealants, 208t

fracture toughness, 80-82

tensile stress. See Tensile strength.

brittle materials, 83-84

Transition temperatures, 47-50

two-dimensional ~hotoelasticitv.

cements, 599t

Translucency, 43

,,

cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium

Transparency, 43-44

110-111

waxes, residual stress of, 434-435

casting alloys, 485-486

Trans-polyisoprene, 195

yield stress. See Yield strength.

denture base plastics, 641

Transverse strength, 87-89

Stress relaxation, 94

gypsum products, 402-403

amalgam, 297

Stress-strain curves, 71-73, 74f

ultimate, 75

ceramics, 567-568

ductility and malleability, 79

Tension, 70

composites, 238t, 239, 240-241

elastic modulus, 77-78

Terpolymers, 186

denture base plastics, 643-644

elongation, 76-77

Therapeutic agents, compared, 2

glass ionomers, 214t

fracture strength, 76

Thermal conductivity, 50-51

hybrid ionomers, 214t

fracture toughness, 80-82

bite impression compounds, 370-371

Triaxial porcelain compositions, 552

Poisson's ratio, 78-79

denture base plastics, 646

True stress-strain curve, 72

properties and, 82-83

zinc phosphate cement, 604

Two-dimensional photoelasticity, 110-111

proportional and elastic limits,

Thermal diffusivity, 52-53

73-74, 75f

Thermal expansion

resilience, 79-80, 80f, 81f

coefficient of, 53-54

toughness, 80

denture base plastics, 646

ultimate strength, 75-76

inlay pattern wax, 437-438

yield strength, 74-75, 76t

waxes, 430-431

Styles' Cell Transformation Test, 140

Thermal properties

Ultimate strength, 75-76

Surface mechanical properties, 102

composites, 239-240

Usage tests of biocompatibility, 142-143

Barcol hardness test, 106

conductivity See Thermal conductivity.

correlation among in vitro, animal

Brine11 hardness test, 103-104

denture base materials, 645-647

and usage tests, 143-145

friction, 107-109

diffusivity, 52-53

using in vitro, animal and usage tests

hardness, 102-103

expansion. See Thermal expansion.

together, 145-147

Knoop hardness test. See Knoop

heat of fusion, 50

Utiliry wax, 443-444

hardness.

specific heat. See Specific heat (Cp).

nano-indentation, 107, 108t

temperature. See Temperature.

Rockwell hardness test, 106

thermal diffusivity, 52-53

Shore A hardness test, 106-107

thermal expansion. See Thermal

Vickers hardness test, 105-106

expansion.

wear. See Wear.

transition temperatures, 47-50

Surface phenomenon, 20

Thermomechanical analysis (TMA),

Vacuum forming applications, 222

adhesion, 25, 33

48, 49f

Vacuum-formed polyestrene, 682

adsorption, absorption and

Thermoplastic, 189

Value, color measurement, 39

sorption, 25

Tin (Sn), 451t, 454

Varnishes

capillary rise, 28-32

Ag-Sn alloy, 173

biocompatibility, 153

colloids, 22-24

ductility and malleability, 79t

biocompatibility of, 153-154

color measurement, 42

oxidation-reduction potentials for

cavity varnishes, 622-623

denture retention, forces involved in,

corrosion actions in water, 56t

fluoride varnishes, 205

32-33

Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys,

Veneers

diffusion through membranes, 24-25

488-489, 585t, 586t, 587

See also Ceramic restorations

solid surface analysis, 20-22

beta-titanium wrought alloy, 505-506

ceramics, use of, 566

surface tension and wetting, 25-28, 29t

biocompatibility, 157-158, 493-494

composite cementation, 620

704

Vermilion, 42

Waxes-cont'd

Zinc phosphate cement, 595

Vickers hardness test, 105-106

residual stress, 434-435

acidity, 603-604

Vinyl resins, 429

sticky wax, 444-445

applications, 604

Viscoelasticity,91

synthetic waxes, 428

biocompatibility, 154

amalgam, 298-299

thermal expansion, 430-431

composition, 595

creep compliance, 97-98

utility wax, 443-444

compressive strength, 85t

mechanical models, 95-97

Wear, 109-110

. conductivity, thermal and

viscoelastic materials, 94-95

composites, 243-244

electric, 604

Viscosity

glass ionomers, 214t

consistency and film thickness, 597,

elastomeric impression materials,

hybrid ionomers, 214t

599-601

358-361

Welding, 468

dimensional stability, 603

fluid behavior and, 91-94

Wettability of elastomeric impression

elastic modulus, 78t

gypsum products, 399-400

materials, 365-366, 367f

electrical conductivitv and resistiv-

zinc phosphate cement, 601

Wetting, surface tension and, 25-28, 29t

ity, 55t

zinc polyacrylate cement, 612

Wires. See Orthodontic wires.

manipulation, 596-597

ZOE cements, 609

Working time

mechanical properties, 599t

Visual technique of color measurement,

alginate hydrocolloids, 336

physical properties, 599t

41-42

amalgam, 306

'Poisson's ratio, 79t

Voigt model, 96

composites, 239t

setting reaction, 596

elastomeric impressions, 361-362

setting time, 601-602

Wrought alloys, 466-468

shear strength, 86t

beta-titanium, 505-506

solubility and disintegration,

cobalt-chromium-nickel, 503-504, 505f

602-603

nickel-t$anium, 504-505, 506f

specification requirements, 598t

Water

properties of, 180

strength, 602

stainless steel. See Stainless steel alloys.

tensile strength, 84t

contact angles, 26-28, 29t

titanium alloys. See Titanium (Ti)

viscosity, 601

sorption. See Water sorption.

and titanium alloys.

viscosity soon after mixing, 92t

Water sorption, 60

Wrought microstructure, 175-177

Zinc phosphate cements, biocompatibility

Bis-GMA resin sealants, 208t

of, 154

composites, 239t, 240

Zinc polyacrylate cement

denture base materials, 648-649

applications, 614

mouth protectors, 220t

biocompatibility, 154

Wax esters, 428

composition, 611-612

Wax patterns

dielectric constant, 55t

burnout of, 526-529

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

electrical conductivity and resistiv-

direct, 519-520

(X'S), 21

ity, 55t

formation of, 519-521

formation, 193-194

indirect, 520-521

manipulation, 612

investing, 523-526

mechanical properties, 599t

lost-wax casting. See Lost-wax

physical properties, 599t

casting process.

properties, 612-614

spruing, 521-523

setting reaction, 612

Wax registrations, 369-370

Yield strength, 74-75, 76t

viscosity soon after mixing, 92t

Waxes, 424-425

cobalt-chromium and nickel-chromium

Zinc polyacrylate cements, biocornpati-

baseplate wax. See Baseplate wax.

casting alloys, 485

bility of, 154

bite impression wax, 445

Young's modulus. See Elastic modulus.

Zinc (Zn), 451t, 454

boxing wax, 443, 444t

Zirconia-based slip-cast ceramics, 564

casting techniques. See Casting.

ZOE cements, 604

casting wax, 439-440

applications, 608-611

contact angle for water on wax, 26, 27f

biocompatibility, 154-155

corrective impression wax, 445

characteristic properties, 606, 608

denture auxiliary materials,

composition, 604-605

effect of, 664

Zeta-potential, 59

dielectric constant, 55t

ductility, 435

Zinc in amalgam alloys, 289

electrical conductivity and resistiv-

flow, 432-434

Zinc oxide-eugenol and impression

ity, 55t

inlay pattern wax. See Inlay

plaster, 369, 370f

manipulation, 606, 607t

pattern wax.

Zinc oxide-eugenol and non-eugenol

mechanical properties, 599t

lost-wax casting process.

cements. See ZOE cements.

physical properties, 599t

See Lost-wax casting process.

Zinc oxide-eugenol bases

setting reaction, 605

mechanical properties, 431-432

composition and chemistry

viscosity soon after mixing, 92t

melting range, 429-430

of setting, 624

Zr-Pd-Ru alloy, 507

natural waxes, 425-428

properties, 626