Учебное пособие 1583

Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future form.

A. Dear Lionel,

I'm writing to tell you my exciting news. I have won a competition!

(arrive) at this unique theme park, you 4) ……............... (be

wide variety of watersports, from swimming to water-skiing. You

(supervise) all activities. Visit Aquaworld for an experience you

Mixed tenses.

Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and fill the spaces with suitable forms.

Telephone conversations Part 1.

Caller: this is Mrs Jones at 22 High Street. ... I have an appointment for a shampoo and set. please?

Receptionist: Yes. Mrs Jones. Who usually (do) your hair? Caller: Peter usually (do) it, but the last time I (come) he (be)

on holiday and Ann (do) it. So if Peter (be) not available, Ann (do) very well.

Receptionist: When you (want) to come, Mrs Jones? Caller: I (like) to come tomorrow afternoon if possible.

Receptionist: I'm afraid that that afternoon is full. Thursday afternoon at 4.00 (suit) you7

Caller: I'm afraid it... . My mother-in-law (come) to tea. Receptionist: Then what about Friday afternoon? Peter (be

able) (do) you at 4.00.

Caller: That (be) splendid. Thank you very much. Receptionist: Thank you, Mrs Jones. We (expect) you at 4.00

on Friday then. Goodbye.

Part 2

Tom:... I speak to Ann, please? Ann: Ann (speak).

Tom: Tom here. Where you (be), Ann? I (try) to get on to you for the last half hour. You (not leave) your office at 5.00?

Ann: Yes, I...» but today I (go) shopping and only just (get) in. It (be) nice to hear your voice, Tom. I (not know) you (be) in London.

Tom: I only (arrive) this morning. I (ring) you before but I

(be) terribly busy all day covering a conference. It only just (end). You (do) anything tonight, Ann?

Ann: Yes, I (go) to the theatre.

Tom: But that (be) terrible! I (be) only here for one night! Ann: I (be) sorry, Tom. If you (tell) me you were coming up.

I (keep) the evening free. But you didn't tell me.

Tom: I (not know) myself till this morning when the boss suddenly (dash) into the office and (tell) me to rush up here to cover the conference.

Ann: I thought Peter usually (do) the conferences.

Tom: Yes, he (do) but when he (drive) up here last night he (have) an accident and (take) (passive) to hospital. So I (do) it instead. Ann, you really (go) out tonight? . . . (negative interrogative} you get out of it?

Ann: No, I... (negative). I'm free tomorrow but I (suppose) that (be) too late.

Tom (suddenly changing his plans): No, I (stay) another day. I daresay the boss (get) over it. You (like) to meet me for dinner tomorrow?

Ann: I (love) to. But Tom, you (be) sure it (be) all right? I (hate) you to lose your job.

Tom: It (be) all right. I (ring) the boss and tell him I (stay) another night. I (stay) an extra night in York last month and he (not seem) too put out about it.

Ann: Why you (stay) an extra night in York? Tom: I (tell) you tomorrow. Goodnight, Ann.

Exercise 10. Choose the correct variant:

1.I call you / I will call you when I finish.

2.I have read this book a month ago. / I read this book a month ago.

3.We have met him two days before. / We have met him before.

4.Take a map in case you will get lost. / Take a map in case you get lost.

5. When was the last time you have been to the cinema? / When was the last time you went to

the cinema?

6.I haven't seen him since I have finished school. / I haven't seen him since I finished school.

7.I'm learning English since 1996. / I've been learning

English since 1996.

8.He stopped smoking a year before. / He stopped smoking a year ago.

9.Sharon found a job last month. She had left school six months ago. / Sharon found a job last

month. She had left school six months before.

10.They still have called us. / They still haven't called us.

11.He hasn't still bought a computer. / He still hasn't bought a computer.

12.She still is abroad. / She is still abroad.

13.They haven't reached yet a decision. / They haven't reached a

decision yet.

14.They will have returned until noon. / They will have returned by noon.

15.I used to go to the cinema twice last month. / I went to the cinema twice last month.

Exercise 11. Do the exercises, using past, present and future forms. Correct the mistakes.

1.They haven't still delivered my television.

2.We haven't read yet his letter.

3.I have met that man a week ago.

4.We moved to Glasgow a year before.

5.Mike and Kelly got married last week. They had met each other four years ago.

6.I'll make the dinner when I will get home.

7.Take some food in case you will get hungry.

8.The house will have been built until the end of May.

9.Peter still is at school.

10.When was the last time you have seen Tony?

11.I used to play chess since I was eight years old.

Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets into the necessary tense form.

1.I (go) to Jack's house but (not find) him in. His mother (say) that she (not know) what he (do) but (think) he probably (play) football.

2.This used to be a station and all the London trains (stop) here. But two years ago they (close) the station and (give) us a bus service instead.

3.She (promise) not to report me to the police but ten minutes later I (see) her talking with a policeman and from the expression on his face I am sure she (tell) him all about it.

4.I (pick) up the receiver and (dial) a number. To my surprise I (find) myself listening to an extraordinary conversation. Two men (plan) to kidnap the Prime Minister.

5.I (meet) Paul at the university. We (be) both in the same year. He (study) law. but he (not be) very interested in it and (spend) most of his time practising the flute.

6.The train just (start) when the door (open) and two panting passengers (leap) in.

7.'What you (do) between 9.00 and 10.00 yesterday?' (say) the detective.

I (clean) my house,' said Mrs Jones. I always clean my house on Saturday mornings.'

8.My neighbour (look) in last night and (say) that he (leave) the district and (go) to Yorkshire, to a new job. I (say) that I (be) very sorry that he (go), and (tell) him to write to me from Yorkshire and tell me how he (get) on.

9.They (build) that bridge when I (be) here last year. They haven't finished it yet.

10.The dentist's waiting room was full of people. Some

(read)

magazines, others just (turn) over the pages. A woman (knit); a child (play) with a toy car. Suddenly the door (open) and the nurse (say), 'Next, please.'

11.The house next to yours (be) full of policemen and police dogs yesterday. ~ What they (do)?-

I (hear) that they (look) for drugs. -They (find) any?. - Yes. I believe one of the dogs (discover) some cannabis.

12.Peter (tell) me yesterday that he (make) his own £5 notes.

-Don't believe him. He just (pull) your leg.

13.A traffic warden just (stick) a parking ticket to my windscreen when I (come) back to the car. I (try) to persuade him to tear it up but he (refuse).

Exercise 13. Make questions for which the following would be reasonable answers. Ask about the words in bold type.

When a noun in brackets is placed after a pronoun, use this noun in the question:

a)I saw Tom. - Possible question: Who did you see?

b)I saw him (Tom) today. Question: When did you see Tom?

1.They went to New York.

2.It takes four hours to get there.

3.I didn't think much of it.

4.He earns a hundred pounds a week.

5.He (Tom) was fined ten pounds.

6.It (my room) is twice as big as yours.

7.They left the country ten years ago.

8.They came by bus.

9.I've been here for two months.

10.They (the students) went to the museum yesterday.

11.It (the car) does fifty to the gallon.

12.He met her in a coffee bar.

13.They (the neighbours) complained about the smell.

14.He (the clerk) made him fill up a form.

15.The pigs ate them (the apples).

16.He got in by climbing over the wall.

17.John bought them (the tickets).

18.They (the roads) were very crowded.

19.I smoke forty (cigarettes) a day.

20.It (the hotel) was awful.

VOICE

Voice is a grammatical category of the verb which indicates the relation between an action and its agent. It shows whether the subject is the doer of the action or whether it is acted upon.

The verb in modern English has two voice forms: the Active Voice and the Passive Voice.

The Active Voice shows that the person or thing denoted by the subject is the doer of the action expressed by the predicate, i.e. the action is performed by its subject.

The Passive Voice shows that the person or thing denoted by the subject is the recipient of the action.

Most of the active tenses in English have passive equivalents. These are formed by means of the auxiliary verb to be in the appropriate tense and participle II of the main verb.

Verbals can also be expressed in two voices:

A word-group formed by a noun (or its equivalent) + a verb in the passive voice is called a passive construction.

The second component of a passive construction can be expressed either by a finite verb or by a verbal.

The news was published in yesterday‘s issue. We are waiting for the news to be published. They are discussing the news to be published in tomorrow‘s issue. The editor was against the news being published. The news being published on the front page, the editorial comments on it.

Note:

1. The present perfect continuous, the future continuous, the

past perfect continuous are not normally used in the passive.

2.An action going on at a definite moment in the future may be expressed either by the future continuous active or by the future simple passive.

Professor Brown will still be examining the students when you come. – The students will still be examined when you come.

3.An action that began before a definite moment in the present, past or future, and continued up to that moment of speaking is expressed either by the present, past and future perfect continuous active or by the present, past and future perfect passive.

Professor Brown had been examining the students for two hours when you came. – The students had been examined for two hours when you came.

4. We can use the verb to get instead of the verb to be in everyday speech when we talk about things that happen by accident or unexpectedly.

Four people got hurt in the car crash. (= Four people were hurt …)

The Use of the Passive Voice

The Passive Voice is used in English when

the person who carries out the action is unknown or is not mentioned for some special reason (tact or delicacy of feeling, etc.) or obvious from the context. The mentioning of the first person is usually avoided in scientific writing.

My flat was broken into last week. (We do not know who broke into the flat.)

Coffee beans are grown in Brazil. (It is not important to know who grows coffee.)

My car was serviced yesterday. (It is obvious that a mechanic serviced it.)

Enough has been said here of the subject which will be treated more fully in a subsequent chapter.

the action itself is more important than the person who carries it out, as in news headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, instructions, advertisements, processes, etc.

Five miners were injured in a pit explosion in Sapporo, Japan, yesterday.(news headline)

The new hospital will be opened by the Queen on May 15th. (formal notice)

The agent when mentioned, is preceded by the preposition by.

―Pygmalion‖ was written by Bernard Shaw.

St Paul‘s Cathedral was designed by Christopher

Wren.

we refer to an unpleasant event and we do not know who or what is to blame.

A lot of mistakes have been made. (instead of ‗You have made a lot of mistakes‘.)

Peculiarities of the Passive Voice in English

The main difference between the Passive Voice in English and that in Russian is the following:

(1)Passive constructions are more widely used in English than in Russian.

(2)A much greater number of verbs can be used in the

Passive Voice in English than in Russian.

The reason why passive constructions are more widespread in English than in Russian can be accounted for by the analytical structure of English grammar.

English nouns have no case-inflexions; therefore it is im-