Учебное пособие 1583

me to lend her l0p pieces. - What she (do) with them?

-She (put) them in her gas meter. I really (not mind) lending her a few l0p pieces but what (annoy) me is that she (know) how many she (need) each week but never (take) the trouble to bring the right number home.

6. What she (do) if she (run out) of them when you are away?

-Oh, she (borrow) from her other neighbour, Mr White; but this (take) longer because he always (want) her to stay and chat and she (find) it quite hard to get away from him.

7. How much she (owe) you now?

-I (not know); I (not keep) an account. Anyway she (leave) next week; she (get) married. I (try) to think of a suitable wedding present.

8. Why you (not offer) to cancel her debt?

-That (sound) rather a mean sort of present. Anyway she probably (not realize) that she (owe) me money.

9.My brother (say) that people who (owe) him money always (seem) to forget about it, but people he (owe) money to always (remember) exactly.

10.I (not think) your brother (enjoy) the party. He (keep) looking at his watch. — Oh, I'm sure he (enjoy) it. He always (enjoy) your parties. But I (know) he (want) to be home early tonight because he (expect) an important telephone call.

11.Jack: How much longer you (stay) in England?

Paul: Only one more day. I (leave) tomorrow night. I (go) to Holland for two weeks.

12.Jack: And you (come) back to England after that or you (go) home?

Paul: It (depend) on my father. But if he (agree) to let me go on studying here I'll certainly come back. And I (expect) he will agree.

13.Paul: By the way, Jack, Ann (see) me off at Victoria tomorrow. Why you (not come) too? You could have coffee with her afterwards. (Paul is advising/inviting Jack to come and see him off.)

14.You (see) that man at the corner of the street? He is a private detective. He (watch) No. 24.

-How you (know) he (watch) No. 24?

-Because whenever anyone (come) out of, or (go) into, the house he (make) a note in his little book.

15. - What all those people (do) in the middle of the street? And why they (wear) such extraordinary clothes?-

-They (make) a film. Most of the crowd are local people who (work) as extras.

16.- It (sound) great fun. You (think) I could get a job as a film extra?

- I (not know) but I (see) Ann over there; when they (finish) this scene I'll ask her if they still (take) on extras.

17.- Ann (act) in the film?

- She has a small part. She (not act) very well. I (imagine) she got the part because she (know) the director.

18.My brother (live) next door and his two children (come) and (see) me every day. The boy (not bother) to knock at the door; he just (climb) in through the window; but the girl always (knock).

19.Tom: We (move) into our new house tomorrow.

PAST FORMS

We use the past simple:

a) for an action which happened at a definite time in the past. The time is stated, already known or implied.

They went camping by the lake last month. (When did they go camping? Last month. The time is stated.)

b) for actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.

First she paid the driver, then she got out of the taxi.

c) for past habits or states which are now finished. In such cases we can also use the expression used to.

Kitchens were /used to be very different a hundred years

ago.

The past simple is used with the following time expressions: yesterday, then, when, How long ago ...?, last night/week/month/year/Tuesday, etc., three days/ weeks, etc. ago, in 1997, etc.

We form the past simple:

Regular and irregular verbs have the same forms for all persons: worked, came.

Affirmative of regular verbs: we add -ed to the infinitives

Work – worked.

Affirmative of irregular verbs: here you should know the second form.

Negative of all verbs:

We form this with didn‘t/did not + infinitive.

He stopped – he didn’t stop.

Interrogative of all verbs:

We form this with did + subject + infinitive.

Did he stop?

Exercise 1. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple past tense.

1.I go to work by bus.

2.I meet her on Tuesdays.

3.The exam had just begun and the candidates (write) their names at the top of their papers.

4.Just as I (wonder) what to do next, the phone rang.

We use the past continuous:

a)for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We do not mention when the action started or finished.

At seven o'clock yesterday evening they were having dinner. (We do not know when they started or finished their dinner.)

b) for an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action, which interrupted it (shorter action).

He was walking down the street when he ran into an old friend.

c) for two or more simultaneous past actions.

She was talking on her mobile phone while she was driving to work.

d)to describe the atmosphere, setting, etc. in the introduction to a story before we describe the main events.

One beautiful autumn afternoon, Ben was strolling down a quiet country lane. The birds were singing and the leaves were rustling in the breeze.

The past continuous is used with the following time expressions: where, when, as, all morning I evening I day I night, etc.

We form the past continuous:

We form this tense with was/were + present participle.

Interrogative: Was I working? Were you working?

Negative-interrogative: Wasn‘t I working? Weren‘t you working?

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past continuous tense.

1.I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (bum) brightly when Tom came in at

2.When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor (write) on the overhead projector.

3.I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.

4.I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (leave).

5.Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a few words.

6.He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it.

7.He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he (stand) up.

8.The admiral (play) bowls when he received news of the invasion. He (insist) on finishing the game.

9.My dog (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese attacked him.

10.When I arrived she (have) lunch. She apologized for starting without me but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30.

11.He always (wear) a raincoat and (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the office.

12.What you (think) of his last book? -I (like) it very much.

13.I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain) about my untidiness.

14.He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.

15.He (play) the guitar outside her house when someone opened the window and (throw) out a bucket of water.

16.I just (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand.

17.The burglar (open) the safe when he (hear) footsteps. He immediately (put) out his torch and (crawl) under the bed.

18.When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph.

19.You looked very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)?

20.The boys (play) cards when they (hear) their father's step. They immediately (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson books.

We use the past perfect:

a) For an action which happened before another past before a stated time in the past.

She had finished work when she met her friends . (She finished work first and then she met her friends.)

b) For an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past.

He was happy. He had signed an important contract. (The action finished in the past and its result was visible in the past, too.)

Note: The past perfect is the past equivalent of the present perfect.

E.g .a) He had fixed the old armchair. It looked brand new. (The action —had fixed— happened in the past. The result — looked brand new— was also visible in the past.)

b) He has fixed the old armchair. It looks brand new. (The action

—has fixedhappened in the past. The result —looks brand new— is still visible in the present.)

The past perfect is used with the following time expressions: before, after, already, just, for, since, till/until, when, by, by the time, never, etc.

The past perfect continuous is used with the following time expressions: for, since, how long, before, until, etc.

We form this tense with had been + present participle;

Affirmative: I had/I‘d been working;

Negative: I had not/I hadn‘t been working, he had not\he hadn‘t been working;

Interrogative: had I been working?

Negative interrogative: hadn‘t I been working?

Exercise 3. A) Brian and Ruth went on a day trip yesterday. Look at the notes below and say what they did, using the linking words from the list.

S1: firsts then, next, after that, later, finally S1: First, they traveled to Brighton by train. 9.15 – 10.30: travel to Britain by train 10.30 – 11.30: look around shops

11.30 – 12.30: walk on beach

12.30 – 2.00: eat lunch at seaside restaurant

2.00 – 4.30: visit funfair

4.30– 5.30: have afternoon tea

B)Now, in pairs, ask and answer questions about what Brian and Ruth were doing at the times in the list below, as in the example.

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past simple or the past continuous.

1) The sun 1) … (shine) and the birds 2)…(sing) as Mike 3) ......

.……(try) to start it, but nothing 11) ……… (happen). He 12)

.………….. (sigh), then 13) ....... (get out) of the car. As he 14)

……. (push) the car to the side of the road, Mike 15) ….. (start) to wish he had stayed at home.

B John 1) …… (enter) his flat and 2) …… (close) the door. He

..………..(walk) into the kitchen and 7) ..…………..(turn) it off. Then, he 8).....……….(freeze). Someone 9)....……………(stand) behind him. He 10).………………(take) a deep breath and 11)

....……….(turn) around. His flatmate Steve 12)....... (lean) in the doorway. ―You 13) …………. (give) me a fright!‖ John exclaimed. Steve 14) …………… (laugh) at him. John 15) ……… (start) to laugh, too. ―I 16) ……….. (think) you had gone to London today,‖ he said. ―No‖, 17) …….. (reply) Steve. ―Unfortunately, I 18)…………… (miss) the train.‖

Exercise 5. Choose the correct answer.

1. 'Were you expecting James and Paul to stay for dinner?'

4. 'Did you see Paul Simon in concert?' No. I was hoping to get

Exercise 6. Use the simple past and the past perfect simple and continuous. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1. He (give) me back the book. (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut. 2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9.30. 3 He (not have) to pack. for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall. 4 He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house. 5 All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to. 6 At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him. 7 Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock the ' front door. 8 When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be). 9 He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket. 10 Then he