Учебное пособие 1583

9.Preparations are being made by the event organizers.

……………………….……………………………………...

10.An interesting book has been published by the company.

………………………………………………………………

Exercise 16. Complete the conversation with verbs in a suitable tense, active or passive.

Cindy and Petra are members of a volleyball team.

CINDY: Why wasn‘t Clare at the training session?

PETRA: Haven‘t you heard? She‘s been thrown (1) out for stealing.

CINDY: No! really?

PETRA: Yes. She (2) ……………………….. taking money from someone‘s bag in the changing room.

CINDY: Who by?

PETRA: The sports club manager. She (3)

…………………………… through the changing room when she (4) …………………………… Clare with Karen‘s bag. CINDY: Oh dear. That‘s terrible.

PETRA: Clare said she (5) ………………………………. To fetch the money by Karen but when

Karen (6) ………………………………… about it, she said she (7)

……………………………. (not) what Clare was talking about.

CINDY: But how stupid of Karen to leave money in the changing room!

PETRA: Yes. She (8) …………………………… that by the manager too.

CINDY: She (9) ……………………………… (not) it again, anyhow.

PETRA: No, I guess not. What do you think Clare (10)

………………………………. now?

CINDY: I don‘t know. This is the second club she (11)

……………………………… to leave, isn‘t it?

PETRA: Yes. It‘s hard to know what can (12)

………………………………… for someone like Clare.

PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION HAVE SOMETHING DONE

Have + object + past participle is used to say that we have arranged for someone to do something for us.

I have my hair cut by a hairdresser. (I didn‘t cut it myself.

The hairdresser made it for me)

Questions and negations of the verb have are formed with do/does or did.

Did you have your house painted?

Have something done is also used to say that something unpleasant happened to somebody.

Mike had his car stolen two days ago. (This doesn‘t mean that Mike arrange for somebody to steal his car. This means that his car was stolen from him.)

The verb get can be used instead of the verb have only in informal conversation.

You must get/have your car serviced this week.

When are you going to get/have the roof repaired?

Exercise 17. Replace the phrase underlined with the structure have something done.

M o d e l: I didn‘t recognize Sheila. The hairdresser dyed her hair. - She has her hair dyed.

1. I‘ve been getting a lot of annoying calls, so the telephone company is going to change my number.

………………………………………………………………………

2.Gabrielle broke her leg six weeks ago but she‘s much better now. In fact the doctors should be taking the plaster off tomorrow.

………………………………………………………………………

3.Since Rowland made a lot of money, he‘s not content with his little cottage, so an architect‘s designed him a fine new house.

………………………………………………………………………

4.This room gets too hot when the sun shines so I‘m getting someone to fit blinds on the windows.

………………………………………………………………………

5.I heard that Mrs Green didn‘t trust her husband so she hired a detective to follow him!

………………………………………………………………………

6.We don‘t really know what Shakespeare looked like. I wish he had asked someone to paint his portrait before he died.

………………………………………………………………………

7.My sister had always been self-conscious about her nose so she decided to go to a clinic for an operation which will straighten it.

………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 18. Read the situations, then write sentences using have something done.

M o d e l: John‘s suit is dirty. It has to be dry-cleaned. What should he do?

…He should have his suit dry-cleaned…

1.All Linda‘s clothes are made specially for her. What does she do?

………………………………………………………………………

2.They arranged for their house to be painted last week. Now it has been done. What have they done?

………………………………………………………………………

3.Malcolm‘s car was broken into last night. What happened to him?

………………………………………………………………………

4.Her bag was stolen yesterday. What happened to her?

………………………………………………………………………

5.Diana is at hairdresser‘s. The hairdresser is cutting her hair.

What is Diana doing?

………………………………………………………………………

6.Robert is taking his car to the garage for a service tomorrow.

What‘s he going to do?

………………………………………………………………………

7.Their roof has a hole in it. What should they do?

………………………………………………………………………

8.George‘s nose was broken in a fight. What happened to George?

………………………………………………………………………

9.Sarah‘s bag was stolen on a train. What happened to Sarah?

………………………………………………………………………

10.Fred‘s hat was blown off in the wind. What happened to Fred?

………………………………………………………………………

11.Diane‘s passport was taken away from her by the police. What happened to Diane?

………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 19. Rewrite the sentences using have something

done.

1.Her skirt is being cleaned at the moment.

………………………………………………………………………

2.My hair is trimmed once a month.

………………………………………………………………………

3.Central heating is going to be installed in our house next month.

………………………………………………………………………

4.Sam‘s burglar alarm was fitted last week.

………………………………………………………………………

5.The band‘s new single has just been recorded.

………………………………………………………………………

6.The windows will be cleaned.

………………………………………………………………………

7.A new jumper has been knitted for me.

………………………………………………………………………

8.The lock has to be fixed.

………………………………………………………………………

9.Their windows need to be cleaned.

………………………………………………………………………

10.The hairdresser was styling Ann‘s hair.

………………………………………………………………………

11.She told her son to carry the shopping to the house.

………………………………………………………………………

12.Did the mechanic repair Paul‘s motorbike?

………………………………………………………………………

13.Did you tell the shop to deliver the sofa to you?

………………………………………………………………………

14.She asked the maid to polish the silver.

………………………………………………………………………

15.The man had asked the porter to take his luggage to his room.

………………………………………………………………………

16.Did you ask Jenny to arrange the flowers for you?

………………………………………………………………………

17.When will your glasses be made?

………………………………………………………………………

18.I hired a professional to cater for my party.

………………………………………………………………………

19.Did you ask anyone to sweep the chimney?

………………………………………………………………………

20.She asked him to do the shopping.

………………………………………………………………………

21.He employed a carpenter to build the fence.

………………………………………………………………………

22.Julie‘s housekeeper irons all her clothes.

………………………………………………………………………

23.His shop‘s windows were smashed in the riot.

………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 20. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure ‘have something done’.

M o d e l: We …are having the house painted… (the house/paint) at the moment.

1.I lost my key. I‘ll have to …………………………………

(another key/make).

2.When was the last time you ……………………………………

(your hair/cut)?

3.You look different. ………………………………………

(you/your hair/cut)?

4.……………………………… (you/a newspaper/ deliver) to your house or do you go to the shop to buy one?

5.A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?

B:Oh, we ………………………… (a swimming pool/build).

6.A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?

B:I‘m afraid I ……………………………….. (not/the film/develop) yet.

7.This coat is dirty. I must ………………………………..

(it/clean).

8.If you want to wear earrings, why don‘t you

…………………………………. (your ears/pierce)?

MOOD

Mood is a grammatical category of the verb expressing modality, i. e. the relation of the action denoted by the predicate to reality from the speaker's point of view.

Finite verbs have three moods in Modern English:

(1)the Indicative Mood,

(2)the Imperative Mood,

(3)the Subjunctive Mood.

Non-finite verbs have no moods.

1. THE INDICATIVE MOOD

The Indicative Mood represents an action as a fact of reality, or as in close relation with reality; the latter refers to conditional sentences expressing a real condition that can be easily realized.

The sun rises in the east. (a fact) I shall not go to the country, if it rains, (a real condition)

Note. Future tense forms are not to be used in conditional clauses and are replaced by the forms of the present.

Morphologically the Indicative Mood is the most developed system including all the categories of the verb.

2. THE IMPERATIVE MOOD

The Imperative Mood represents an action as a command or request. It is a direct expression of the speaker's will.

Morphologically it is the least developed of all moods.

The imperative of the second person (the most common form) is the same as the infinitive without to:

Come! Go! Stop!

The auxiliary verb do + not is used to form the negative. Don't come (go, stop)!

The pronoun you is understood but not normally used.

There are also analytical forms of the Imperative Mood for the first and the third person made up according to the model let + noun or pronoun + infinitive (without to).

Let us ask him. Let him go. Let them do it.

The first person plural is usually contracted.

Let's go. Let's do it.

The negative is made by adding not before the infinitive.

Let's not go. Let them not go.

Note. The third person negative forms are not common and are normally replaced by must.

They must not go.

There is also an emphatic form, which is used to make the imperative more persuasive. It is done by putting do in front of the ordinary form. The word do is stressed in speech.

Do let's go. (with the negative: "Don't let us go".) Do come and help me. Do tell me more about it.

3. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The Subjunctive Mood presents an action as a non-fact, as something imaginary or desirable, i.e. as something problematic. It does not reflect an actual reality, but shows something "formed in the mind of the speaker as a supposition, desire, volition, etc.

The Forms of the Subjunctive Mood

What we understand by the Subjunctive Mood includes two entirely different kinds of forms, synthetical and analytical, united by the same grammatical meaning of irreality.

The synthetical forms of the Subjunctive Mood are survivals of the old simple subjunctive. They are divided into me so-called Present Subjunctive (be, have, do, work, etc. for all the persons,

singular and plural) and the Past Subjunctive (were, had, did, worked, etc.).

The Present Subjunctive forms have become archaic and are found as survivals in poetry, high prose, official documents and some set expressions. They are not used in colloquial speech in British English, but are rather common in American English where many archaic features are better preserved:

He insisted that you be present.

The Past Subjunctive has lost its past meaning and its forms are used to denote an unreal action referring to the present or to the future. An unreal action prior to the moment of speech (i.e. referring to the past) is expressed by the Past Perfect Subjunctive (i.e. the form of the subjunctive homonymous Past Perfect Indicative).

I wish he were here (now). I wish he had been here (yesterday).

Thus there are two forms in the Subjunctive Mood which are homonymous to those of the Indicative Mood: the Past Subjunctive

— the Past Indefinite Indicative, the Past Perfect Subjunctive — the Past Perfect Indicative.

The new analytical forms with should or would have replaced the former Present Subjunctive in conversational English. Should/would + simple infinitive denotes an unreal action preceding the moment of speech, while should (would) + perfect infinitive is used to denote an unreal action preceding the moment of speech.

I would buy it if I had the money. I would have bought it if I had had the money.

The Subjunctive Mood has no tense forms to denote time relations. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood indicate only whether