Текст 11

THE OPERATION OF ENGINE

An engine produces power by burning air and fuel within the engines cylinder.

The method of turning refined petrol into power is as follows:

The petrol is stored in the fuel tank, which is connected by a small СибАДИ41 diameter pipe – fuel pipe – to the carburettor. The fuel is pumped into carburettor by the fuel pump. The carburettor is a device for turning petrol in-

to gas and mixing it with air in the correct proportions. The carburettor is attached to the inlet pipe. The explosive petrol-air mixture is sucked into the engine's cylinder through the inlet pipe. Then it is compressed by the piston. Gas is exploded by an electric spark inside the cylinder at the point of the sparking plug.

When all the work is extracted from the gas, the exhaust valve opens and the burnt gas escapes through the exhaust pipe into the air.

Пр мечан е. В тексте дано упрощённое описание работы 4-тактного дв гателя внутреннего сгорания (fig. 8). Большинство предложений текста построено по модели:

Существительное с предлогом “by”, как видно из текста, указывает на исполнителя действия, выраженного сказуемым предложения.

Fig. 8. Engine. 4-stroke cycle

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Задание 1. Найдите в тексте и переведите все существительные с предлогом “by” и назовите действия, которые выполняются с помощью соответствующих технических объектов.

Задание 2. Подберите из текста технические термины и проставь-

те их под соответствующими цифрами (fig. 9).

СибАДИ42 3 4

5

1

6

Fig. 9. Engine work

Задание 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте.

The fuel .... ... in the tank. The fuel tank ... ... by fuel pipe to the ... .

In the carburettor the fuel ... ... with air. The inlet valve opens and gas passes into ... . The fuel and air ... ... by the piston. The mixture is exploded by ... ... . The burnt gas escapes through ... ... into the air.

Задание 4. Просмотрите текст и дайте определение следующим по-

нятиям: stroke, Т.D. ., B.D.C., four-cycle engine.

The activities that take place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or strokes. “Stroke” refers to the piston movement. The upper limit of piston movement is called top dead centre or T.D.C. The lower limit of piston movement is called bottom dead centre or B.D.C. A stroke constitutes piston movement from T.D.C. to B.D.C. or from B.D.C to T.D.C. In other words the piston completes a stroke each time it changes direction of motion. Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four- stroke-cycle engine or a four-cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

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Задание 5. Переведите таблицу (table 3). Техническая информация (fig. 10) поможет Вам.

crank

crank

crankshaft

Fig. 10. Work cycle

Table 3

Terms and their definitions

The crankshaft turns through half a revolution (1800 ) during each stroke. Swept volume: this is the volume of the space between t.d.c. and b.d.c. Clearance volume: this is the volume of the cylinder space above the piston

Bore: the internal diameter of a cylinder.

Engine capacity: the swept volume of all engine cylinders added together.

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so that the cylinder is sealed. The piston moves ... compressing the ... .

This creates a fairly high pressure within the ... .

c. The power Stroke.

As the piston reaches ... or the upper limit of its travel, an electric spark is generated at the cylinder spark plug. The spark ignites ... of gasoline vapor and ... . The burning gases expand and force the piston downwards again. The power impulse is transmitted to the engine ... . As the ...

moves downward on the power ... , it continues to transmit turning effort to the shaft.

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