Задание 5. Пользуясь рисунком (fig. 4) и следующими сочетаниями слов, составьте и разыграйте диалог об управлении автомобилем.

The steering wheel, gear lever, to brake the car, a gear box, to switch on the ignition, press the starter, to switch on the lights.

СибАДИ27 Fig. 4. Moving the car

Текст 5

2-STROKE AND 4-STROKE ENGINES

All motor vehicles have an engine. There are two types of engine. There are petrol engines and there are diesel engines. There are three engines in the picture. There is a 2-stroke petrol engine on the top of the page. There is a 4-stroke petrol engine in the middle and there is a 4-stroke diesel engine on the bottom of the page (fig. 5.1 – 5.3.).

There are spark plugs in both the petrol engines. There are spark plugs in all petrol engines. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs. They have fuel injectors. There are valves in both the 4-stroke engines. There are always valves in 4-stroke engines. There are no valves in the 2-stroke petrol engine. A 2-stroke petrol engine never has valves.

There is no oil sump in the 2-stroke engine. There is oil in the fuel. Both the 4-stroke engines have an oil sump. There is no oil in the fuel.

27

Задание 1. На основании информации текста заполните таблицу

(table 1).

Table 1

Задан е 2. Пользуясь данными таблицы 1 рисунков (fig. 5.1 – 5.3), опишите 2-тактный ензиновый двигатель, 4-тактный бензиновый двигатель, 4-тактный дизельный двигатель. Используйте при этом следующ е модели:

Fig. 5.1. A 2-stroke petrol engine

28

29

Fig. 5.2. A 4-stroke petrol engine

Fig. 5.3. A 4-stroke diesel engine

Задание 3. Опишите 2-тактный дизельный двигатель, дополнив следующие предложения. Учтите, что данные предложения означают одно то же.

A) There is a fuel injector in a 2-stroke diesel engine. B) A 2-stroke diesel engine has a fuel injector.

Задание 4. Просмотрите видео «The Differences Between Petrol and Diesel Engines» необходимое Вам количество раз. Ответье на вопрос: What is the difference between petrol and diesel engines?

29

Текст 6

Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:

Задан е 2. Найд те соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания.

A) Heat engine; to convert energy into mechanical work; internal combustion engine; to produce expansion; to generate steam for a steam engine; natural gas; source of motive power; to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot; power installations.

B) Превращать энергию в механическую работу; производить расширение; природный газ; двигатель внутреннего сгорания; источник движущей энергии; силовые установки; тепловой двигатель; поддерживать очень маленькое пламя во вспомогательном устройстве; вырабатывать пар для парового двигателя.

Задание 3. Употребите в качестве сказуемого глагол, данный в скобках, преобразовав его в нужную форму пассивного залога.

1. The fuel (to burn) inside the engine.

2. The automobile (to equip) with the engine.

3.The steam engine (to use) in locomotives.

4.Energy (to convert) into mechanical work in the engine.

5.Expansion (to produce) inside the cylinder.

30

Задание 4. Прочтите текст “Types of Engines” и расскажите на русском языке:

1.О видах двигателя.

2.Об источниках энергии.

3.О паровых машинах.

СибАДИ31 TYPES OF ENGINES

One modern dictionary defines an engine as any mechanism or machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work.

There may be steam engines, internal combustion engines, etc.

A steam engine is an external combustion engine, as the fuel is burned outside it.

An internal combustion engine burns the fuel inside the engine cylinder to produce expansion which is turned into power. Heat is a form of energy, and all automobiles are equipped with some form of heat engine.

The source of the energy may be coal, wood, petroleum products, etc. For convenience, it is usually petroleum products in the form of gas-

oline, gas or oil.

Any of these materials can be used to generate steam for a steam engine. For internal combustion engines natural gas can be used.

Petroleum is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power, as the heat energy can be converted directly from the fuel into power by burning it in a cylinder.

In a steam engine the fuel is burned to create steam from water and the steam furnishes the expansive force for the engine.

Manysteam automobiles werebuilt in theearly years oftheautomobile. The steam cars used kerosene to heat the water to make steam and also used a small quantity of gasoline to maintain a tiny flame in the pilot,

which initiated combustion of the kerosene.

Now the steam engine is rarely used in automobile business, but it is still in the use in locomotives and in other power installations.

Задание 5. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.What is an engine?

2.What kinds of engines do yon know?

3.Why is a steam engine considered an external combustion engine?

4.Where does an internal combustion engine burn the fuel?

5.What sources of energy do you know?

6.What is the dominant fuel today for every source of motive power?

31