Задание 9. Просмотрите текст “Antifreeze” и найдите ответы на вопросы.

1.Как может пострадать двигатель при отсутствии антифриза?

2.Каково соотношение воды и антифриза в системе охлаждения?

3.Какие 2 способа заправки системы охлаждения антифризом Вы

знаете?

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ANTI-FREEZE

In the winter time anti-freeze must be used; water alone will freeze in the coldest weather and the result of this is likely to be a cracked block. Long life anti-freeze is now obtainable and it is usual to keep it in the system in summer and winter.

It is best to flush out the system thoroughly before filling with fresh anti-freeze mixture of even if water was previously in the system. A common strength of the mixture is 25%, or one part anti-freeze to three parts water. Anti-freeze can be used in two ways. One is to mix the anti-freeze and water in the correct proportions in a large container and fill the system from this. Alternatively, knowing the water capacity of the cooling system, you find out how much anti-freeze is required and pour this into the drained system and then fill up to the correct level with clean water.

Задание 10. Укажите функции инфинитива в тексте “Anti-freeze”.

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Задание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания:

A) Internal friction; the moving parts of the engine; to prevent leakage; to maintain a film of protection; to thicken at low temperature; by pump pressure; to hold the surfaces apart;

LUBRICATION

Without the aid of the friction, an automobile could not move itself. Excessive friction in the automobile, however, would mean rapid destruction.

We cannot eliminate internal friction, but we do reduce it to a controllable degree by the use of friction reducing lubricant.

These lubricants are usually made of the same crude oil from which we obtain gasoline.

The petroleum oils are compounded with animal fats, vegetable oils and other ingredients to produce satisfactory oils and greases for automobile use.

Lubricating oils and greases are also manufactured from silicones and other materials and have no petroleum products in them.

Lubricating oil in an automobile engine has several tasks to perform: 1) to reduce the friction between the moving parts of the engine and thus to reduce the amount of destructive heat generated by excessive friction and to conserve the power that I would otherwise be wasted in over-

coming excessive friction;

2) to act as a seal and thus to prevent leakage between parts such as pistons, rings and cylinders;

3) to flow between friction generating parts and thus to carry away much of the heat;

4) to wash away the abrasive metal worn from friction surfaces. The engine oil must function whether the temperature is below zero or above 100 deg. F. This is contrary to the nature of petroleum products as they tend to thicken at low temperature and thin out at high temperature.

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The oil therefore goes through many processes during manufacture to reduce this tendency to “stiffen” or “thicken” at low temperatures. Light oil facilitates cold starting and attains circulation sooner than heavier oil. At the same time it is not desirable to use oil so light that it cannot maintain a film of protection between the moving parts.

The moving parts in the engine are subjected to speed and pressure СибАДИ66 as well as heat. The pressure has a tendency to squeeze the oil out and permits the bearing surfaces to contact each other and produce friction and

wear. The oil is required to form a film thick enough to hold these surfaces apart. The film may contain several layers of oil molecules.

One layer rolls over another with a minimum of friction and also these layers hold the two surfaces apart against the pressure tending to force them together.

The oil may be supplied to the moving parts of the engine by splashing or by pump pressure. Pressure feed is the most widely used system for automobiles. Some engines use a combination of both types.

Задан е 4. Законч те следующие предложения, используя текст

“Lubrication”.

1.We reduce internal friction to a controllable degree by the use of... .

2.The lubricants are usually made from... .

3.The tasks, of the lubricating oil in an automobile engine are… . 4.The moving parts of the engine are subjected to... .

5.The oil is required to form... .

Задание 5. Образуйте все возможные производные слова от данных: thick, tend, change, reduce, nature, power; lubricate, produce, move, protect.

Задание 6. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1. How can we reduce the internal friction in the engine? 2. Of what are lubricating oils produced?

3. What are the tasks of the lubricating oil in automobile engines? 4. How can oil be supplied to the moving parts of the engine?

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Задание 7. Используя схему (chart 1) и текст “Lubrication”, опишите систему смазки двигателя.

При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

the system consists of...; the subject of the discussion is...; the main

parts of the system are...; the function of... is...; I know that...; it should be СибАДИ67 noted, that...; the text deals with... .

Задан е 8. Просмотр те видео «How Engine Lubrication System Works» без звука.

Оп ш те работу этой системы, используя выражения данные в упражнен ях, а также глаголы: to ignite, to wire, to distribute, to generate, to start, to accumulate.

Текст 20

Задан е 1. Прочт те текст “A Coil For Every Plug”, выписывая ключевые слова.

A COIL FOR EVERY PLUG

An ignition system featuring an individual coil for each sparking plug is being introduced by Scania’s car manufacturing sister, Saab, next month. It does away with the distributor and ignition cables.

A much stronger spark is claimed as a result of working on the hightension side at 40,000 volts instead of the more usual 25,000 volts. As a result the sparking plugs points can be gapped at up to 1.5mm. The generation time for the ignition voltage, one micro second, is 20 times faster than is provided by ordinary systems, says Saab.

The 400 volts supplied to the ignition coils on the plugs is described as “relatively low” and is not stepped up to the ignition voltage until the moment of firing.

There is a useful booster system for cold starting in which about 50 sparks are delivered to each plug whenever the engine is started. According to Saab tests, this high intensity sparking burns away moisture or deposits on the electrodes and insulators of the plugs. As soon as the engine speed exceeds 600 r.p.m. the Saab ignition system switches automatically to its normal mode. Then, when the engine is switched off; the Saab ignition system supplies something like 1.000 sparks to all the cylinders simultaneously in a purging operation designed to ease subsequent restart.

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