2247

serve as part of the counterweight. Cab - is the area that contains a seat for the operator along with the control pedals, steering wheel, levers, switches and a dashboard containing operator readouts. The cab area may be open air or enclosed, but it is covered by the cage-like overhead guard assembly. Overhead Guard - is a metal roof supported by posts at each corner of the cab that helps protect the operator from any falling objects. On some forklifts, the overhead guard is part of the frame assembly. Power Source - may consist of an internal combustion engine that can be powered by LP gas, gasoline or diesel fuel. Electric forklifts are powered by either a battery or fuel cells that provide power to electric motors. The motors may be either DC or AC types. Tilt Cylinders - are hydraulic cylinders that are mounted to the truck frame and the mast. The tilt cylinders pivot the mast to assist in engaging a load. Mast - is the vertical assembly that does the work of raising and lowering the load. It is made up of interlocking rails that also provide lateral stability. The interlocking rails may either have rollers or bushings as guides. The mast is either hydraulically operated by one or more hydraulic cylinders or it may be chain operated with a hydraulic motor providing motive power. It may be mounted to the front axle or the frame of the forklift. Carriage - is the component to which the forks or other attachments mount. It is mounted into and moves up and down the mast rails by means of chains or by being directly attached to the hydraulic cylinder. Like the mast, the carriage may have either rollers or bushings to guide it in the interlocking mast rails. Load Back Rest - is a rack-like extension that is either bolted or welded to the carriage in order to prevent the load from shifting backward when the carriage is lifted to full height. Attachments - may consist of forks or tines that are the L-shaped members that engage the load. A variety of other types of material handling attachments are available. These include sideshifters, rotator, carton clamps, multipurpose clamps, fork positioners, carpet poles, pole handlers, container handlers, roll clamps and many others. Below is a list of common forklift attachments. Sideshifter - is a hydraulic attachment that allows the operator to move the tines (forks) and backrest laterally. This allows easier placement of a load without having to reposition the truck. Rotator - To aid the handling of skids that may have become excessively tilted and other specialty material handling needs some forklifts are fitted with an attachment that allows the tines to be rotated. This type of attachment may also be used for dumping containers for quick unloading. Fork Positioner - is a hydraulic attachment that moves the tines (forks) together or apart. This removes the need for the operator to manually adjust the tines for different sized loads. Roll and barrel clamp - A mechanical or hydraulic attachment used to squeeze the item to be moved. It is used for handling barrels, kegs, or paper rolls. This type of attachment may also have a rotate function. The rotate function would help an operator to insert a vertically stored paper into the horizontal intake of a printing press for example. Pole Attachments - In some locations, such as carpet

341

warehouses, a long metal pole is used instead of forks to lift carpet rolls. Similar devices, though much larger, are used to pick up metal coils. Carton and Multipurpose Clamp Attachments - are hydraulic attachments that allow the operator to open and close around a load, squeezing it to pick it up. Products like cartons, boxes and bales can be moved with this type attachment. With these attachments in use, the forklift truck is sometimes referred to as a clamp truck.

Slip Sheet Attachment (Push - Pull) - is a hydraulic attachment that reaches forward, clamps onto a slipsheet and draws the slipsheet onto wide and thin metal forks for transport. The attachment will push the slip sheet and load off the forks for placement. Drum Handler - is a mechanical attachment that slides onto the tines (forks). It usually has a spring loaded jaw that grips the top lip edge of a drum for transport. Another type grabs around the drum in a manner similar to the roll or barrel attachments. Man Basket - a lift platform that slides onto the tines (forks) and is meant for hoisting workers. The man basket has railings to keep the person from falling and brackets for attaching a safety harness. Also, a stap or chain is used to attach the man basket to the carriage of the forklift.

6.Read the text and write down a summary of it.

7.What methods were used to realize the theme of it?

8.Describe the methods that were used to realize the idea of the text.

9.Write down an introduction and conclusion for this text

342

Road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. In some parts of the world, road rollers are still known colloquially as steam rollers, regardless of their method of propulsion. This typically only applies to the largest examples (used for road-making).Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled. Initial compaction of the substrate is done using a pneumatic-tyred roller, with two rows (front and back) of pneumatic tyres. The flexibility of the tyres, with a certain amount of vertical movement of the wheels, enables the roller to operate effectively on uneven ground. The finish is done using metal-drum rollers to ensure a smooth, even result. Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors typically have knobbed ( sheep s-foot ) wheels, and do not achieve a smooth surface. The knobs aid in compression due to the smaller area contacting the ground.

Roller Types:

Manual walk-behind

Powered walk-behind (electric or diesel/gas powered)

Trench roller (manual units or radio-frequency remote control)

Ride-on

Ride-on with knock-down bar

Ride-on articulating-swivel

Vibratory

Pneumatic-tyre

Tractor mounted and powered (this may be a one-off - see gallery picture below)

343

Drum types:

Drums come in various widths: 24-to-84 inches

Single-drum sheeps/pad-foot (soil)

Single-drum smooth (asphalt)

Double-drum (duplex) sheeps/pad-foot (soil)

Double-drum (duplex) smooth (asphalt)

3-wheel cleat with bulldozing blade (landfills)

On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve the desired weight. When empty, the lighter machine is easier and cheaper to transport between worksites. Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums. Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface to avoid hot asphalt (for example) sticking to the drum. Hydraulic transmission permits greater design flexibility (early examples were direct mechanical drive) and reduces the number of moving parts exposed to contamination. Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum. Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front of the other (format known as duplex), or three rolls, or just one, with the back rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for increased traction.

Keys:

Unit 1. Language practice Ex. 1-3

Put down: criticize someone

Jack put him down and he hasn't been the same since.

Put (stick) one's nose in: interfere in someone's business

I wish he wouldn't put his nose in where it's not wanted. Mary is putting her nose in their affairs.

Put on the Ritz/dog: make everything special for someone else

They really put on the Ritz for us last weekend.

Put some distance between someone and someone / something: move far away from

He put some distance between himself and his ex-wife. Let's put some distance between us and the school.

Put someone away: put in prison

They put him away for twenty years. Jason was put away for life in prison.

Ex.4

approach a road avoid an accident be alert while driving

brake a car (step on the brakes)

344

change lanes change lanes, tires

check, look into mirror crash into something cross a road

damage something

Unit 2.

Language practice

Ex. 1-3

Put someone on: fool, tease someone

He put Jerry on about his new job.

I don't believe anything you say. You're putting me on!

Put someone up: provide accommodation

We put them up last week as they couldn't find a hotel. Could you put me up for the night?

Put something away: eat or drink something

He put the whole pizza away in fifteen minutes! We put away six beers.

Put the bite on someone: try to get money from someone

I put the bite on Tim but he didn't have any money. She put the bite on me for $50.

Put the finger on someone: identify someone

The victim put the finger on the criminal. She put the finger on her boss for the crime.

Ex.4

drive a car, drive defensively enforce a law

exit a road

follow a car or vehicle hit a car, an object injure a person insure a vehicle or car merge onto a road obey a lay

obtain a permit or license

Unit 3. Language practice Ex. 1-3

Put the heat / screws on someone: pressure someone to do something

He's putting the heat on me to finish the report.

Janet's really putting the screws on her husband to get a new car.

Put the moves on someone: try to seduce someone

He was putting the moves on Mary last night. Hey! Are you trying to put the moves on me?!

Ex.4

operate a vehicle overtake a car or vehicle pass a car or vehicle protect passengers react to a situation reduce speed

refuse to take a test ride in a car show identification

345

signal a turn

Unit 4. Language practice Ex. 1

Ex.2

A)Physics - physicist;

B)Ecology - Ecologist;

C)Technologytechnologist

D)Economy - economist;

E)Programming -programist;

F)Designing - designer.

Ex.3

A)There is a drill on the workbench.

B)Drill a hole in the piece.

C)Put the drill over the mark.

D)Mark the hole.

E)Saw this piece of wood into two parts.

F)There is no saw in the toolbox.

A)Сверло находится на рабочем столе.

B)Просверли отверстие в заготовке.

C)Поставьте сверло над отметкой (разметкой).

D)Пометьте отверстие.

E)Распилите деревянную заготовку на две части.

F)В ящике для инструментов – пилы нет.

Ex.4

speed (drive above the speed limit) steer a car or vehicle

stop a car or vehicle turn a car or vehicle warn another driver wear safety belts

yield to (oncoming) traffic

346

Unit 5.

Language practice

Ex. 1

a)Useful,Useless

b)Powerful,Powerless

c)Careful,Careless

d)Helpful,Helpless

e)Hopeful,Hopeless

f)Colorful,colorless

Ex. 2

a)Полезный,бесполезный

b)Могущественный,бессильный

c)Заботливый,беззаботный

d)Полезный,бесполезный

e)Подающий надежды,безвыходный

f)Цветной,бесцветный

Ex. 3

To adjust - To regulate for proper use

To arise - To start or originate

To reduce - To make or become smaller or less

To detect - To discover the presence

To respond - To react, to answer

Highway - A public road that is wide, well paved and direct

Vehicle - Smth wich is used to carry people or goods from one place to another

Ex. 4

Feature - Characteristics

Respond - Answer

Monitor - Control

Detect - Find

Improve - Make better

Feed - Provide

Appliance - Device

Assist - Help

Unit 6.

Language practice

Ex. 1

347

Ex. 4

Unit 7.

Language practice

Ex. 1

348

Ex. 3

349