
- •General English for non-linguists
- •Содержание
- •Вводно-коррективный курс
- •I. Правила чтения в английском языке Чтение ударных гласных:
- •Чтение безударных гласных:
- •Чтение сочетаний гласных
- •Чтение некоторых гласных перед сочетаниями согласных
- •Чтение сочетаний гласных с согласной
- •Правила чтения согласных букв и буквосочетаний
- •Чтение некоторых согласных букв и буквосочетаний
- •Немые согласные буквы
- •II. Словообразование
- •Конверсия как способ словообразования. Oт существующего слова без изменения его звуковой или графической формы образуется новое слово, относящееся к другой части речи:
- •Глаголы с послелогами. В словаре сначала нужно искать основной глагол, а затем ниже его значение с послелогом:
- •III. Порядок слов в английском предложении
- •Построение отрицательных предложений.
- •Вопросительные предложения.
- •Общие вопросы.
- •Специальные вопросы.
- •Альтернативные вопросы.
- •Разделительные вопросы.
- •Видовременные формы английского глагола в действительном залоге
- •Unit I. Family. Hobbies. Lesson 1. My family. Pre-reading
- •My family
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Text a. The family relationships
- •Text b. British and American families
- •Lesson 2. Hobbies. Pre-reading
- •Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Word Formation
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading History of the term “Hobby”
- •Unit II. My studies. My University. My work. Lesson 3. My Studies. Pre – reading
- •My Studies
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading English has no equals!
- •The subjects I studied at school. My favourite subject.
- •Lesson 4. My University. Pre-reading
- •My Home University
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •4) Употребляется для выражения разрешения (наряду с глаголом may):
- •1) Обозначает необходимость, долженствование:
- •May (might)
- •Глагол to be в модальном значении
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Open University
- •Unit III. My working day. My week-end. Lesson 5. My working day. Pre-reading
- •My working day
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •In the Royal Welsh Army
- •Add exercise into your daily life
- •Bring Happiness to Your Daily Life
- •Lesson 6. My Weekend. Pre-reading
- •My Weekend
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Additional Reading
- •An Awful Weekend
- •Unit IV. Cities of Russia. Lesson 7. Tambov. Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Сomprehension
- •Additional reading Historic background of Tambov
- •Lesson 8. Moscow. Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Past simple (простое прошедшее время)
- •The past perfect tense ( прошедшее совершенное время)
- •Comprehension
- •Additional Reading
- •Cultural life of Moscow
- •Education and science
- •Unit 5. Towns and Cities of Great Britain. Lesson 9. London. The Capital. Pre-reading
- •London. The capital.
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Westminster Abbey
- •St. Paul’s Cathedral
- •Buckingham Palace
- •Trafalgar Square
- •The Tate Gallery
- •Albert Hall
- •The Tower of London
- •Tower Bridge
- •Piccadilly Circus
- •Lesson 10. Towns and Cities of Great Britain Pre-reading
- •The city of Birmingham
- •Manchester
- •Edinburgh
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Grammar rules Revision participle
- •Participle
- •Participle I
- •Present continuous
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •The city of Liverpool
- •Cardiff
- •History of Birmingham
- •The city of Cambridge
- •The history of the city of Manchester
- •Landmarks of Manchester
- •Unit 6. Higher Education. Lesson 11. Higher Education in Great Britain Pre-reading
- •Higher Education in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-Formation
- •Grammar Present perfect (I have done) – Настоящее перфектное время
- •Сравните использование Present Perfect и Past Simple:
- •Participle II - Причастие II.
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Cambridge 'Tripos' exams
- •Lesson 12. Higher education in Russia Pre-reading
- •Higher education in Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar Word Formation
- •1. “- Educate-“ (it is a root-word).:
- •2. “-Ty” (it is a suffix):
- •Participle II - Past Participle Причастие прошедшего времени
- •Present perfect
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Educational system in Russia
- •Unit 7. Travelling. Lesson 13. Means of Travelling Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •Формальные признаки частей речи английского языка. Существительное (The Noun)
- •Прилагательное (The Adjective)
- •Местоимение (The Pronoun)
- •Наречие (The Adverb).
- •Числительное (The Numeral)
- •Comprehension
- •Lesson 14. Sightseeing Pre-reading
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Использование.
- •Образование.
- •Вопросительная форма.
- •Comprehension.
- •Additional reading
- •Seven Modern Wonders of the World
- •Pre-reading
- •Burns’ night
- •Shakespeare’s Birthday
- •The Edinburgh International Festival
- •Robert Burns – Роберт Бернс
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Comprehension
- •Additional reading
- •Customs and Traditions in Great Britain
- •The Ceremony of the Keys
- •Lesson 16. Traditions and Holidays in Russia Pre – reading
- •Russian Holidays
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar
- •Additional reading
- •My favourite holiday
- •Список использованной литературы
Present perfect
Значение и употребление
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PRESENT PERFECT обозначает действие, которое началось в прошлом и продолжалось вплоть до момента речи, имеет результаты в настоящем. PRESENT PERFECT употребляется в случае, когда:
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Образование формы |
Временная глагольная форма PRESENT PERFECT образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have / has и причастия II смыслового глагола. Утвердительное предложение Вопросительное предложение Отрицательное предложение We (I, you, they) have just written the final test. Have you written your test? I haven’t written my test yet.
She (he) has already finished her studies. Has she finished her studies? He hasn’t finished his studies yet.
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Примеры и перевод
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She entered the college in some other town, so I haven’t seen her so far. – Она поступила в колледж в каком-то другом городе, поэтому я с тех самых пор ее не видел. (Действие началось в прошлом и продолжалось вплоть до момента говорения).
I’m sorry I’m late! Unfortunately I have overslept this morning. – Простите, я опоздал! К сожалению, я проспал сегодня утром. (Действие произошло в еще не закончившийся период времени, имеет результат в настоящем).
The students have already written their exam test, so they may be free now. – Студенты уже дописали свой экзаменационный тест, и поэтому теперь они могут быть свободны. (Действие завершено к моменту говорения, имеет результат в настоящий момент).
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Task 9. Give your Russian translation of the following sentences paying your special attention to the constructions with PRESENT PERFECT:
She has always been an honest person.
Sorry! We haven’t understood the last question. Could you repeat it?
We have never missed lectures this semester. So we hope it will be not a problem to pass the exam.
“Mom, may I go for a walk now? I have already done all my homework,” said the child.
I have just answered your questions. Do you understand everything?
Task 10. Write questions to these sentences. Consult the grammar table above and the model.
Model: My elder sister has been at University for six months by now. –
Who has been at University for six months by now?
Whose sister has been at University for six months by now?
How long has your sister been at University by now?
Where has your sister been?
…………………………………
Alice has graduated from University this month. (Who? What institution?)
Nick has stayed at the college since September. (Who? Where?
Since when?)
3. All students of our group have passed our summer exams successfully. (Who? What? How?)
Task 11. Read the following pairs of sentences and choose the correct variant. Explain your choice.
A. John has lived here since 1990.
B. John lived here since 1990.
2. A. Hello! I didn’t see you for ages!
B. Hello! I haven’t seen you for ages!
3. A. Have you heard any news from Benny recently?
B. Did you hear any news from Benny recently?
4. A. Your friend phoned a few minutes ago.
B. Your friend has phoned a few minutes ago.
5. A. Have you been at home on Saturday? I phoned you.
B. Were you at home on Saturday? I phoned you.
Task 12. Put in the most suitable tense-form of the verb in brackets:
He __________________ (never / study) any foreign languages.
She _________________(phone) you just now. The news is good.
“Is it your first trip to our country? ___ you _____ (be) here ever before?”
I ______ (live) in Moscow from 1986 till 1991. I ____ (study) there.
Where _____ (be) you last night? You didn’t answer my phone-calls.