How does p2p work?

The user must first download and execute a peer-to-peer networking program. After launching the program, the user enters the IP address of another computer belonging to the network. Once the computer finds another network member on-line, it will connect to that user's connection. Users can choose how many member connections to seek at one time and determine which files they wish to share or password protect.

Ex.8 Express the main idea of the text. Use in your summary only the verbs:

1. download; 2. …3. … … .

Ex.9 Read and memorize the following words:

1. coaxial [´kƏu´æksıƏl] – коаксиальный, имеющий общую ось

2. axis [´æksıs] - ось

3. copper [´kɔpƏ] – медный

4. wire [´waıƏ] – провод, кабель, проводник

5. shield [ʃi:ld] – экран, защита

shielded (unshielded ) twisted pair- экранированная (неэкранированная) витая пара

6. (to) twist [twıst] – вить(ся), крутить, скручивать(ся)

7. fiber [´faıbƏ] - волокно

optical fiber (fiber optic) cable – волоконно-оптический кабель

single-mode (multimode) fiber – одномодовый (многомодовый) волоконно-оптический кабель

8. antenna [æn´tenƏ] – антенна

community antenna – общая антенна

9. (to) carry [´kærı] – нести

but: (to) carry out - выполнять

10. (to) surround [sƏ´raund] – окружать

11. ground [ɡraund] – земля, заземление

12. approximately [Ə´prɔksımıtlı] – приблизительно, примерно

13. crosstalk [´krɔstɔ:k] – перекрестный, перекрестная помеха

14. (to) insulate [´ınsjuleıt] – изолировать

insulated – изолированный

15. pulse [pʌls] – импульс

16. (to) enclose [ın´klƏuz] – заключать, окружать

17. outer [´autƏ] – внешний

18. distance [´dıstƏns] - расстояние

19. (to) refer [rı´fƏ:] – ссылаться, иметь отношение, относиться

reference [´refrƏns] - ссылка

20. interference [ıntƏ´fıƏrƏns] – интерференция, помехи, влияние

Ex.10 Read and translate into Russian:

Information transmission media

There are the following types of cables:

• Coaxial

• Twisted-Pair

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)

• Fiber-Optic

1. Coaxial cableis the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies between the community antenna and user homes and businesses. It is also widely installed for use in business and corporation Ethernet and other types of local area network. Coaxial cable is called "coaxial" because it includes one physical channel that carries the signal surrounded by another concentric physical channel, both running along the same axis. The outer channel serves as a ground. There are two types of coaxial cables: thinnet (thin-wire Ethernet) and thicknet (standard Ethernet).

Thinnet is a flexible coaxial cable about 0.25-inch thick. It is used for short distance communication. Thinnet coaxial cable can carry a signal up to approximately 185 meters (or about 607 feet) before needing a repeater.

Thicknet is about 0.5-inch in diameter. Typically, thicknet is used as a backbone to connect several smaller thinnet based networks. Thicknet can carry a signal for 500 meters (about 1,640 feet) before needing a repeater.

2. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. For some business locations, twisted pair is enclosed in a shield that functions as a ground. This is known as shielded twisted pair (STP). Ordinary wire to the home is unshielded twisted pair (UTP).

3. Optical fiber (or "fiber optic") refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more information than copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit signals. Single mode fiber is used for longer distances; multimode fiber is used for shorter distances.

Ex.11 Work in pairs. Make up a sentence in Russian. Your partner translates it into English and visa versa.

Ex. 12 Translate into English:

1. Коаксиальный кабель называется коаксиальным потому что включает два физичских канала вдоль одной оси.

2. Внешний канал служит заземлением.

3. Thinnet – это гибкий коаксиальный кабель толщиной в 0.25 дюйма.

4. Витая пара соединяет компьютеры дома и на предприятиях с телефонными компаниями.

5. Многомодовое волокно используется на более короткие расстояния.