Ex.5 Read and translate into Russian: operating system overview

1. MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a personal computer operating system from Microsoft, which is similar to IBM's ( International Business Machines - международные бизнес-машины) PC-DOS. It is a single user system that runs one program at a time because of limited memory. Add-on memory boards can expand DOS capabilities.

2. Windows NT is the Microsoft Windows personal computer operating system designed for users and businesses needing advanced capability. Windows NT is actually two products: Microsoft NT Workstation and Microsoft NT Server. The Workstation is designed for users, especially business users, who need faster performance and a system a little safer than Windows 95 and Windows 98.

• Windows NT Workstation: Microsoft says that 32-bit applications will run 20% faster on this system than on Windows 95. Since older 16-bit applications run in a separate address space, one can crash without crashing other applications or the operating system. Security and management features not available on Windows 95 are provided. The Workstation has the same desktop user interface as Windows 95.

• Windows NT Server: The NT Server is probably the second most installed network server operating system after Novell's NetWare operating system. Microsoft says that its NT servers are beginning to replace both NetWare and the various UNIX-based systems such as those of Sun Microsystems and Hewlett-Packard.

3. Windows 2000 is the latest version of Microsoft's Windows operating system. Most users of Windows 98 and Windows NT will move to Windows 2000. It was previously called Windows NT 5.0. The initial Windows 2000 product line consists of four products:

• Windows 2000 Professional is for individuals and businesses of all sizes. It includes security and mobile use enhancements. It is the most economical choice.

• Windows 2000 Server is for at small-to-medium size businesses. It can function as a Web server and/or a workgroup server. It can be part of a two-way symmetric multiprocessing system. NT 4.0 servers can be upgraded to this server.

• Windows 2000 Advanced Server is for a network operating system server and/or an application server, including large database.

• Windows 2000 Datacenter Server is designed for large data warehouse ([´wɛƏhaus] - хранилище данных), online transaction processing (обработка транзакций), econometric analysis, and other applications requiring high-speed computation and large databases. A significant new feature is Microsoft's Active Directory, which, among other capabilities, enables a company to set up virtual private network, to encryption data locally or on the network, and to give users access to shared files from any network computer.

Ex.6 Say a few words about any OS.

Ex.7 Fill in the necessary words:

Operating systems and file systems

operating systems, run, data, software, compatibility, file, hardware

The operating system is the large, relatively complex, low-level piece of _______ that interfaces your ________ to the software applications you want to_______.

The operating system you use is closely related to the _______ system that manages your hard disk ________.

The reason (причина) is a simple one: different ________ use different file systems.

Some are designed specifically to work with more than one, for ________reasons; others work only with their own file system.

ANSWER KEY on page 64.