- •Give example and explain of shape of research article or thesis.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •3. Explain how to write an opening sentence which enables you and your reader to “get in” or start your paper/thesis.
- •4. Explain how to use signaling sentence connectors in a research article or thesis?
- •5. Give examples of signaling sentence connectors and research article or thesis?
- •6. Give example and explain paragraphing in the research article or thesis?
- •7. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing introduction section.
- •9. Show four basic components of introduction model and explain them.
- •10. Give example and explain grammar pairs used in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •11. Indicate words/phrases which appear frequently in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •13. Give example and explain words/phrases which using to present previous and/or current research contributions in the Introduction section.
- •14. Give example and explain words/phrases which establishing gap/problem/question/prediction in introduction section?
- •16. Give a definition of methodology section a research article or thesis.
- •17. Explain how to make sure that your own contribution is clear easy to identify in methodology section in a research article or thesis.
- •18. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing methodology section.
- •19. Give example and explain the model of methodology section.
- •20. Show four basic component of methodology section.
- •21. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide a general introduction and overview of the materials/methods and give the sourse of materials/equipment used in methodology.
- •23. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide specific and precise details about materials in methodology section.
- •24. Give example and explain words/phrases which justify choices made in methodology section?
- •26. Give example and explain words or phrase used in methodology section which relate materials or methods to other studies
- •27. Give explain and explain words/ phrases which indicate where problems occurred in methodology section.
- •28. Give a definition of result section of a research article of thesis.
- •29. Give example and explain words/ phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •30. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate frequency in results section.
- •31. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate quantity in results section.
- •32. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •33. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate causality in results section.
- •34. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing results section.
- •35.Give example and explain words/phrases used in methodology section which indicate that appropriate care was taken.
- •36. Show four basic components of results model and explain them.
- •37. Show the two ways which provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one.
- •38. Give example and explain words/phrases which revisiting the research aim/existing research and general overview of results.
- •39. Give example and explain words/phrases which invite to view results and show specific/key results in detail.
- •40. Give example and explain words/phrases which show comparisons with results in other research
- •41. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •42. Give a definition of discussion/conclusion section in a research article or thesis.
- •43. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing discussion/conclusion section.
- •44. Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section
- •45. Show four basic components of discussion/conclusion model and explain them
- •46. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show ability/capability and possibility/options.
- •47. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show probability/belief/expectation and virtual certainty.
- •48. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show advice/opinion and necessity/obligation
- •49. Give example and explain words/phrases which mapping (relationship to existing research) in discussion/conclusion section.
- •50. Give example and explain words/phrases which show achievement/contribution in discussion/conclusion section.
- •51. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •52. Give example and explain words/phrases which show application/applicability/implementation in discussion/conclusion section.
- •53. Give a definition of abstract in a research article.
- •54.Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section.
- •55. Explain how to create title of research paper and give examples.
- •60. Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
14. Give example and explain words/phrases which establishing gap/problem/question/prediction in introduction section?
GAP/PROBLEM/QUESTION/PREDICTION
This includes ways to say exactly how previous and/or current research is
not yet complete or has not addressed the problem your paper deals with, e.g. However, few studies have focused on…
This is oft en signalled by words such as however, although, while,
nevertheless, despite, but.
deficient doubtful expensive false far from perfect ill-defined impractical not apparent not dealt with not repeatable redundant restricted time-consuming unfounded
|
cation (the) next step no correlation (between) (an) obstacle (a) problem (a) risk (a) weakness (to be) confined to (to) demand clarification (to) disagree (to) fail to (to) overlook (to) remain unstudied
unfortunately |
Here are some examples of how these are used:
The high absorbance makes this an impractical option in cases where…
Unfortunately, these methods do not always guarantee…
An alternative approach is necessary.
The function of these proteins remains unclear.
These can be time-consuming and are often technically difficult to perform.
Although this approach improves performance, it results in an unacceptable number of…
Previous work has focused only on…
However, the experimental configuration was far from optimal.
Note: Some of these words/phrases express very strong criticism. A useful exercise is to put an asterisk (*) next to those you think you could use if you also alter them to make them more polite (i.e. instead of unsuccessful, which is quite a strong criticism, you could write may not always be completely successful).
(to) attempt (to) compare (to) concentrate (on) (to) conclude (to) describe (to) discuss (to) enable (to) evaluate (to) expect |
(is) organised as follows: (is) set out as follows: (is/are) presented in detail (the) present work (this) paper (this) project (this) report
|
(were/are) able to accurate/accurately effective/effectively efficient/efficiently excellent results innovation new novel method powerful practical |
15. Give example and explain words\phrase which establishing the present work in introduction section.
This includes phrases such as Much research in recent years. A good list of commonly used words and expressions will encourage you to include this in your fi rst sentences.
ESTABLISHING SIGNIFICANCE
(a) basic issue economically important
(a) central problem (has) focused (on)
(a) challenging area for a number of years
(a) classic feature for many years
(a) common issue frequent(ly)
(a) considerable number generally
(a) crucial issue extensively studied
Examples: - It is generally accepted that joints in steel frames operate in a semirigid fashion.
-Nanocrystalline oxide films are attracting widespread interest in fields such as…
-The importance of strength anisotropy has been demonst rated by…
-Convection heat transfer phenomena play an important role in the development of…
THE PRESENT WORK
to) facilitate,(to) illustrate , (to) improve, (to) manage to, (to) minimize, (to) offer, (to) outline, (to) predict, (to) present, (to) propos, (to) provide, (to) reveal, (to) succeed and others.