- •Give example and explain of shape of research article or thesis.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •3. Explain how to write an opening sentence which enables you and your reader to “get in” or start your paper/thesis.
- •4. Explain how to use signaling sentence connectors in a research article or thesis?
- •5. Give examples of signaling sentence connectors and research article or thesis?
- •6. Give example and explain paragraphing in the research article or thesis?
- •7. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing introduction section.
- •9. Show four basic components of introduction model and explain them.
- •10. Give example and explain grammar pairs used in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •11. Indicate words/phrases which appear frequently in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •13. Give example and explain words/phrases which using to present previous and/or current research contributions in the Introduction section.
- •14. Give example and explain words/phrases which establishing gap/problem/question/prediction in introduction section?
- •16. Give a definition of methodology section a research article or thesis.
- •17. Explain how to make sure that your own contribution is clear easy to identify in methodology section in a research article or thesis.
- •18. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing methodology section.
- •19. Give example and explain the model of methodology section.
- •20. Show four basic component of methodology section.
- •21. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide a general introduction and overview of the materials/methods and give the sourse of materials/equipment used in methodology.
- •23. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide specific and precise details about materials in methodology section.
- •24. Give example and explain words/phrases which justify choices made in methodology section?
- •26. Give example and explain words or phrase used in methodology section which relate materials or methods to other studies
- •27. Give explain and explain words/ phrases which indicate where problems occurred in methodology section.
- •28. Give a definition of result section of a research article of thesis.
- •29. Give example and explain words/ phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •30. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate frequency in results section.
- •31. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate quantity in results section.
- •32. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •33. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate causality in results section.
- •34. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing results section.
- •35.Give example and explain words/phrases used in methodology section which indicate that appropriate care was taken.
- •36. Show four basic components of results model and explain them.
- •37. Show the two ways which provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one.
- •38. Give example and explain words/phrases which revisiting the research aim/existing research and general overview of results.
- •39. Give example and explain words/phrases which invite to view results and show specific/key results in detail.
- •40. Give example and explain words/phrases which show comparisons with results in other research
- •41. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •42. Give a definition of discussion/conclusion section in a research article or thesis.
- •43. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing discussion/conclusion section.
- •44. Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section
- •45. Show four basic components of discussion/conclusion model and explain them
- •46. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show ability/capability and possibility/options.
- •47. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show probability/belief/expectation and virtual certainty.
- •48. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show advice/opinion and necessity/obligation
- •49. Give example and explain words/phrases which mapping (relationship to existing research) in discussion/conclusion section.
- •50. Give example and explain words/phrases which show achievement/contribution in discussion/conclusion section.
- •51. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •52. Give example and explain words/phrases which show application/applicability/implementation in discussion/conclusion section.
- •53. Give a definition of abstract in a research article.
- •54.Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section.
- •55. Explain how to create title of research paper and give examples.
- •60. Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
44. Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section
The methodology should contain sufficient detail for readers to replicate the work done and obtain similar results.
When you write a research article, people will be learning from you. Therefore you now need to be able to communicate information about a new procedure, a new method, or a new approach so that everyone reading it can not only carry it out and obtain similar results, but also understand and accept your procedure.
Methodology section has FOUR basic components:
1st component are: -REVISITING PREVIOUS SECTIONS
-SUMMARISING/REVISITING GENERAL OR KEY RESULTS
2nd component: - MAPPING (RELATIONSHIP TO EXISITING RESEARCH)
-CONCLUSIONS ACHIEVEMENT/CONTRIBUTION
3rd component: LIMITATIONS CURRENT AND FUTURE WORK APPLICATIONS
- PROVIDE A GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND
OVERVIEW OF THE MATERIALS/METHODS and GIVE THE SOURCE OF MATERIALS/ EQUIPMENT USED
-REFINING THE IMPLICATIONS
4th component: LIMITATIONS CURRENT AND FUTURE WORK APPLICATIONS
Like the Introduction model, this is a ‘menu’ from which you select those items appropriate to your research topic and the journal you are submitting to.
Our model consists of sentences, it starts from In Sentence 1the writer offers a general overview of the subsection and ends In Sentence 9: the writer mentions a possible difficulty in the methodology. Basic components are very important too, because for example, if you think the first sentence of the Methodology corresponds to number 1 in our model, write 1 after it, etc.
45. Show four basic components of discussion/conclusion model and explain them
We can show these so that our model has FOUR basic components.
1. Revisiting previous sections summarising/revisiting general or key results
2. Mapping (relationship to exisiting research)
3. Achievement/Contribution refining the implications
4. Limitations current and future work applications
1) Revisiting previous sections summarising/revisiting general or key results. Since most of the vocabulary you need for these can be found in previous sections, there is no need here for additional vocabulary unput; you can refer back to the vocabulary sections in the units on Introductions, Materials/ Methods and Results to find the appropriate language. When you are Refinig The Implications, use the appropriate language from the Implications vocabulary in the Resuls section and avoid conclutions and implications which are not fully supported by your data.
2) Mapping (relationship to exisiting research). This includes ways to show the reader where your contribution fits into the general research picture. Phrases kike consistent with and provides support for are common here.
3) Achievement/Contribution. Your achievement/contribution is often stated in the Present Perfect, especially when you refer to it in the Conclusion. Sentences which begin We have demonstrated/described/investigated/developed/shown/studied/focused on etc. are common here.
4) Limitations current and future work. These often occur very close to each other (sometimes even in the same sentence) because the limitations of the present work provide directions and suggestions for future work. Vocabulary to describe LIMITATIONS can be found in previous sections; vocabulary for FUTURE WORK includes phrases such as should be replicated and further work is needed.
5) Applications. Your work may not have any direct or even indirect applications, but if it does. They are mentioned here. Relevant phrases include have potential and may eventually lead to. Including APPLICATIONS lest you show the value of your work beyond the narrow aims of your specific research questions. Both APPLICATIONS and FUTURE WORK provide an interface between your research article and the rest of the world and are therefore conventional ways of ending the research article.