- •Give example and explain of shape of research article or thesis.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •3. Explain how to write an opening sentence which enables you and your reader to “get in” or start your paper/thesis.
- •4. Explain how to use signaling sentence connectors in a research article or thesis?
- •5. Give examples of signaling sentence connectors and research article or thesis?
- •6. Give example and explain paragraphing in the research article or thesis?
- •7. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing introduction section.
- •9. Show four basic components of introduction model and explain them.
- •10. Give example and explain grammar pairs used in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •11. Indicate words/phrases which appear frequently in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •13. Give example and explain words/phrases which using to present previous and/or current research contributions in the Introduction section.
- •14. Give example and explain words/phrases which establishing gap/problem/question/prediction in introduction section?
- •16. Give a definition of methodology section a research article or thesis.
- •17. Explain how to make sure that your own contribution is clear easy to identify in methodology section in a research article or thesis.
- •18. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing methodology section.
- •19. Give example and explain the model of methodology section.
- •20. Show four basic component of methodology section.
- •21. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide a general introduction and overview of the materials/methods and give the sourse of materials/equipment used in methodology.
- •23. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide specific and precise details about materials in methodology section.
- •24. Give example and explain words/phrases which justify choices made in methodology section?
- •26. Give example and explain words or phrase used in methodology section which relate materials or methods to other studies
- •27. Give explain and explain words/ phrases which indicate where problems occurred in methodology section.
- •28. Give a definition of result section of a research article of thesis.
- •29. Give example and explain words/ phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •30. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate frequency in results section.
- •31. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate quantity in results section.
- •32. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •33. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate causality in results section.
- •34. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing results section.
- •35.Give example and explain words/phrases used in methodology section which indicate that appropriate care was taken.
- •36. Show four basic components of results model and explain them.
- •37. Show the two ways which provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one.
- •38. Give example and explain words/phrases which revisiting the research aim/existing research and general overview of results.
- •39. Give example and explain words/phrases which invite to view results and show specific/key results in detail.
- •40. Give example and explain words/phrases which show comparisons with results in other research
- •41. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •42. Give a definition of discussion/conclusion section in a research article or thesis.
- •43. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing discussion/conclusion section.
- •44. Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section
- •45. Show four basic components of discussion/conclusion model and explain them
- •46. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show ability/capability and possibility/options.
- •47. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show probability/belief/expectation and virtual certainty.
- •48. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show advice/opinion and necessity/obligation
- •49. Give example and explain words/phrases which mapping (relationship to existing research) in discussion/conclusion section.
- •50. Give example and explain words/phrases which show achievement/contribution in discussion/conclusion section.
- •51. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •52. Give example and explain words/phrases which show application/applicability/implementation in discussion/conclusion section.
- •53. Give a definition of abstract in a research article.
- •54.Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section.
- •55. Explain how to create title of research paper and give examples.
- •60. Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
50. Give example and explain words/phrases which show achievement/contribution in discussion/conclusion section.
ACHIEVEMENT/CONTRIBUTION
As you know, science writing does not generally permit the use of the exclamation mark , but the vocabulary used to state your achievement or contribution can still communicate that the achievement is exciting. The vocabulary list has therefore been divided into two sections; the first is a list of -substitutes, which can be used when the achievement is very exciting, and the second is a list of slightly ‘cooler’ — but still positive — language.
-substitutions, compelling, crucial, dramatic, excellent, exceptional, exciting, overwhelming, perfect, powerful, remarkable, striking, surprising
Here are some examples of how these are used:
• The presence of such high levels is a novel finding.
• We identify dramatically different profiles in adult lungs.
• Our results provide compelling evidence that this facilitated infection.
• These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of using hologram based RI detectors.
• Our data rule out the possibility that this behaviour was a result of neurological abnormality.
• The system presented here is a cost-effective detection protocol.
• A straightforward analysis procedure was presented which enables the accurate prediction of column behaviour.
• Our study provides the framework for future studies to assess the performance characteristics.
• We have made the surprising observation that Bro1-GFP focus accumulation is also pH-dependent.
• We have derived exact analytic expressions for the percolation threshold.
• Our results provide a clear distinction between the functions of the pathway proteins.
51. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
LIMITATIONS/CURRENT AND FUTURE WORK Th ese oft en occur very close to each other (sometimes even in the same sentence) because the limitations of the present work provide directions and suggestions for future work. Vocabulary to describe LIMITATIONS can be found in previous sections; vocabulary for FUTURE WORK includes phrases such as should be replicated and further work is needed.
Research work does not always have a clear application. However, in some cases it is clear how the work can be used, particularly if your project has resulted in a device or product of some kind. In such cases, you should indicate possible applications or applicability, and in many cases this can be derived from points made earlier in the Introduction. Don’t forget to use modal verbs such as could, should and may. Some words and phrases: eventually, in future, soon possible, etc.
Here are some examples of how these are used:
• Our technique can be applied to a wide range of simulation applications.
• The PARSEX reactor therefore could be used for the realistic testing of a wide range of control algorithms.
• It should be possible, therefore, to integrate the HOE onto a microchip.
• This approach has potential in areas such as fluid density measurement.