- •Give example and explain of shape of research article or thesis.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •3. Explain how to write an opening sentence which enables you and your reader to “get in” or start your paper/thesis.
- •4. Explain how to use signaling sentence connectors in a research article or thesis?
- •5. Give examples of signaling sentence connectors and research article or thesis?
- •6. Give example and explain paragraphing in the research article or thesis?
- •7. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing introduction section.
- •9. Show four basic components of introduction model and explain them.
- •10. Give example and explain grammar pairs used in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •11. Indicate words/phrases which appear frequently in introduction section of a research article or thesis.
- •13. Give example and explain words/phrases which using to present previous and/or current research contributions in the Introduction section.
- •14. Give example and explain words/phrases which establishing gap/problem/question/prediction in introduction section?
- •16. Give a definition of methodology section a research article or thesis.
- •17. Explain how to make sure that your own contribution is clear easy to identify in methodology section in a research article or thesis.
- •18. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing methodology section.
- •19. Give example and explain the model of methodology section.
- •20. Show four basic component of methodology section.
- •21. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide a general introduction and overview of the materials/methods and give the sourse of materials/equipment used in methodology.
- •23. Give example and explain words/phrases which provide specific and precise details about materials in methodology section.
- •24. Give example and explain words/phrases which justify choices made in methodology section?
- •26. Give example and explain words or phrase used in methodology section which relate materials or methods to other studies
- •27. Give explain and explain words/ phrases which indicate where problems occurred in methodology section.
- •28. Give a definition of result section of a research article of thesis.
- •29. Give example and explain words/ phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •30. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate frequency in results section.
- •31. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate quantity in results section.
- •32. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate sequence in results section.
- •33. Give example and explain words/phrases which communicate causality in results section.
- •34. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing results section.
- •35.Give example and explain words/phrases used in methodology section which indicate that appropriate care was taken.
- •36. Show four basic components of results model and explain them.
- •37. Show the two ways which provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one.
- •38. Give example and explain words/phrases which revisiting the research aim/existing research and general overview of results.
- •39. Give example and explain words/phrases which invite to view results and show specific/key results in detail.
- •40. Give example and explain words/phrases which show comparisons with results in other research
- •41. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •42. Give a definition of discussion/conclusion section in a research article or thesis.
- •43. Explain why it is important to build a model for writing discussion/conclusion section.
- •44. Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section
- •45. Show four basic components of discussion/conclusion model and explain them
- •46. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show ability/capability and possibility/options.
- •47. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show probability/belief/expectation and virtual certainty.
- •48. Give example and explain modal verbs used in discussion/conclusion which show advice/opinion and necessity/obligation
- •49. Give example and explain words/phrases which mapping (relationship to existing research) in discussion/conclusion section.
- •50. Give example and explain words/phrases which show achievement/contribution in discussion/conclusion section.
- •51. Give example and explain words/phrases which indicate problems with results and show possible implications of results.
- •52. Give example and explain words/phrases which show application/applicability/implementation in discussion/conclusion section.
- •53. Give a definition of abstract in a research article.
- •54.Give example and explain the model of discussion/conclusion section.
- •55. Explain how to create title of research paper and give examples.
- •60. Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
- •Give a definition of introduction section in a research article or thesis.
- •Evaluate scientific ethics in research activity.
37. Show the two ways which provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one.
When you start any new section or subsection in your work the first sentence(s) should provide a smooth transition for the reader between the new (sub)section and the previous one. There are two good ways to do this:
1. You can begin by offering an overview of the current section. This is a description of the overall pattern or trend of the results. If you start with individual results and your reader puts them together ‘bottomup’ to create an overall picture of what happened, there is a risk that each reader may end up with a different picture of your results. It is preferable therefore to begin with general statements about what was found (in most cases, generally speaking, overall). Providing an overview enables you to show your reader the ‘wall’ before you begin to describe the ‘bricks’. It is useful to remember that this type of general overview may need to be repeated when you move from one set of results to another.
2. You can begin by referring back to something from the previous section(s). For example, you can refer back to:
• the general aims of research in this area (which you mentioned in the Introduction)
• the specific research problem you are focusing on, or the aim of your project (which you mentioned in the Introduction)
• the methodology
• the original prediction or assumption to be tested (which you mentioned in the Introduction)
38. Give example and explain words/phrases which revisiting the research aim/existing research and general overview of results.
REVISITING THE RESEARCH AIM/EXISTING RESEARCH
as discussed previously, as mentioned earlier/before, as outlined in the introduction, as reported, in order to…, we examined… it is important to reiterate that… it is known from the literature that… it was predicted that… our aim/purpose/intention was to… since/because…, we investigated… the aforementioned theory/aim/prediction etc. to investigate…, we needed to… we reasoned/predicted that…
Here are some examples of how these are used:
• Since the angular alignment is critical, the eff ect of an error in orientation was investigated experimentally.
• We reasoned that an interaction in one network between proteins that are far apart in the other network may be a technology-specifi c artifact.
• In earlier studies attempts were made to establish degradation rate constants by undertaking ozonation experiments.
• The main purpose of this work was to test algorithm performance.
• As mentioned previously, the aim of the tests was to construct a continuous crack propagation history.
• In this work, we sought to establish a methodology for the synthesis of a benzoxazine skeleton. • It was suggested in the Introduction that the eff ective stress paths may be used to defi ne local bounding surfaces.
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF RESULTS
generally speaking, in general, in most/all cases, in the main, in this section, we compare/evaluate/present… it is apparent that in all/most/the majority of cases, it is evident from the results that… on the whole the overall response was… the results are divided into two parts as follows: using the method described above, we obtained…
Here are some examples of how these are used:
• It is apparent that both fi lms exhibit typical mesoporous structures.
• Our confi dence scores have an overall strong concordance with previous predictions
• On the whole, the strains and defl ections recorded from the FE model follow similar patterns to those recorded from the vacuum rig tests.
• Levels of weight loss were similar in all cases.