rybina_ea_i_dr_angliiskii_iazyk_dlia_magistrov_i_aspirantov

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Ч А С Т Ь 1

Unit 1

Грамматика: 1. Глагол to be.

2.Глагол to have.

3.Оборот there + be.

4.Степени сравнения прилагательных.

5.Времена группы Indefinite Active.

Глагол to be в Indefinite Active

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки в соответствующем времени Indefinite Active и переведите их на русский язык.

1.That part of the earth’s solid crust, or litosphere, which is open to our study

(are, is, am) of very complex composition.

2.Earth (are, is, am) a planet rich in the materials necessary to support life.

3.The transparent grains of quartz (are, is, am) of irregular form and grey or smoky–grey in colour.

4.Atmosphere (are, is, am) a gaseous envelope surrounding the star, planet or satellite.

5.Water (are, is, am) one of the most common of all the substances, and without it life is impossible.

Глагол to have в Indefinite Active

Упражнение 2. Скажите и напишите следующие предложения: a) в прошедшем времени (Past Indefinite)

б) в будущем времени (Future Indefinite)

Образец: a) All the continents have a variety of landforms.

b)All the continents had a variety of landforms.

c)All the continents will have a variety of landforms.

1.A plain is a flat or gently rolling area which has few changes in elevation. 2.The Middle East is the region which has extremely great resources of oil.

3.The northern Barents and northern Kara seas region (Barents – Kara plate) has a complicated geological framework.

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Оборот there + be в Indefinite Active

Упражнение 3. Скажите и напишите следующие предложения: a) в прошедшем времени (Past Indefinite)

в) в будущем времени (Future Indefinite)

Образец:There is the sea bottom along the coast formed by a gradual slope to a depth of about 200 m.

a)There was the sea bottom along the coast formed by a gradual slope to a depth of about 200 m.

b)There will be the sea bottom along the coast formed by a gradual slope to a depth of 200 m.

1. There are three shells (atmosphere, hydrosphere and litosphere) the earth is enveloped in.

2.There are three most common agents of erosion: water, wind and glaciers. 3.There are all prerequisites for achieving high production levels at the fields of the company.

4.There is a 62 per cent energy–saving in the use of recycled scrap ferrous metal.

5.There is a wide agreement among scientists that the average surface tº of the globe has risen by about 0,5 degree Celsius over the last century.

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1.The tallest iceberg, seen near Greenland, was 167 meters high.

2.Solar radiation is potentially the greatest renewable energy source available.

3.Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun, and it is separated from it by approximately 108 mln kilometres.

4.With less oxygen, marine plants and animals die.

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5. The Colorado river is still cutting its bed; in a million years the Grand Canyon will probably be deeper, the area will be more populated and more industrialized.

Времена группы Indefinite Active

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в Past Indefinite.

1.A devastating accident at Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union in 1986 (illustrate) the potential danger of nuclear energy.

2.Oil (replace) coal in the 1950s as the world’s most important energy source.

3.The meteorologists (obtain) many new data with the aid of rockets and sputniks, which “observe” vast areas of the globe from above and transmit back to the Earth data on the physical phenomena in the higher strata of the atmosphere and in the ionosphere.

4.Several times a day the satellites (transmit) pictures of the cloud and snow blankets on the day and night sides of the globe, and certain data

on tº and radiation.

5.The last experiment (give) us much better results than did the previous one.

Упражнение 6.

Скажите или напишите следующие предложения:

в прошедшем времени (Past Indefinite), в будущем времени (Future Indefinite). Предварительно повторите формы неправильных глаголов

1.The Sun provides an inexpensive and virtually inexhaustible power source. 2.The speed at which the sound waves travel depends upon the material they travel through.

3.These new bulbs give out very much light, and they are very economical.

4.New technology also affects how people value and use natural resources.

5.The greatest danger associated with nuclear power comes from one of its by– products – radiation.

Unit 2

Упражнение 1. Прочтите, переведите и кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.

CHEMICALS WHICH CONVERT LIQUID OIL PRODUCTS INTO GEL Russian scientists have developed special chemicals which can convert

liquid oil products into gel in few seconds. If there is a seed the gel can be

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converted again into oil products. This technology is very important in transporting oil products and other cases.

It’s no secret that every accident with an oil tanker becomes an ecological disaster. The spilled oil over a large area leads to the death of many sea animals. New technology makes it possible for transporting oil transformed to gel in plastic bags; it will not lead to an ecological disaster since a supporting vessel can collect the bags.

The new chemicals can make structural changes in hydrocarbons and can be used in any climatic conditions. They react between -70 below and +70 degrees Celsius and emit no heat.

Meanwhile, the gel is stable at these temperatures. This technology is very useful in storing oil products since gel becomes fireproof.

With the help of new chemicals fluorine, iodine and condensed gas also can be converted into gel.

Упражнение 2. Определите функцию инфинитива в следующих предложениях.

1.Russian scientists have developed special chemicals to convert liquid oil products into gel in few seconds.

2.This technology is very important to transport oil products and other cases.

3.To transform oil products into gel is very important.

4.This technology is very useful to store oil products since gel becomes fireproof.

5.The new chemicals are needed to make structural changes in hydrocarbons.

Упражнение 3. Определите в данных предложениях Complex Subject и Complex Object.

1.Transformation of oil products into gel seems to be very important.

2.Russian scientists have developed special chemicals to convert liquid oil products into gel in few seconds.

3.Special chemicals are used to convert liquid oil products into gel in few seconds.

4.Transformation of products into gel pretends to be unique.

5.A supporting vessel collects the bags with oil to prevent ecological disaster.

Unit 3

Грамматика: 1.Времена группы Indefinite Passive.

2.Модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты.

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2.The Moon may possess a very thin atmosphere made up of argon and other chemically inert gases.

3.To be able to compile a weather forecast for Moscow one day ahead, it is necessary to know the features of the air which at the present moment is 1,000 – 2,000 km away from Moscow.

4.The weather can be calculated one day ahead with the aid of electronic computers.

5.High levels of production were to be maintained by installation of modern equipment.

Unit 4

Упражнение 1. Прочтите, переведите и кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.

NEW TYPE OF IMPLANT

Russian scientists have created unique implants for the human skull. In general almost all the bones of the human body can be replaced by implants.

The head of the marketing service of the Khrunichev space center, Viktor Repin, says his center is known not only as the producer of Proton rockets and space probes for various purposes: “The space technologies of the Khrunichev center since 1995 have been used for the production of medical equipment. Our specialists have worked out pressure chambers to treat respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases, stomach ulcers and acute poisoning. These chambers have been exported to Britain, Yugoslavia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Greece and Slovenia. There is interest to these chambers in Germany and Peru. The latest elaboration of the center is a pressure chamber for 6 persons to carry out operations in high or low pressure conditions. Tests of the chamber have begun at the Surgery Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Like a space station this unique operating-room has several modules where doctors can easily change the pressure by means of pneumatic equipment.

The medical equipment produced by the Khrunichev center is reliable and relatively cheap. It is in great demand both in Russia and abroad.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте вопросы ко всем членам предложения.

1.Russian scientists have created unique implants for the human skull.

2.The latest elaboration of the center is a pressure chamber for 6 persons to carry out operations in high or low pressure conditions.

Упражнение 3. Определите функции герундия в следующих предложениях.

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1.Having created unique implants for the human skull Russian scientists can replace almost all the bones of the human body.

2.Replacing the bones of human body gives a chance to sick people.

3.Producing medical equipment is reliable and relatively cheap.

4.These implants are worth using both in Russia and abroad.

5.The space technologies are used in producing implants for the human body.

Unit 5

Грамматика:1. Bремена группы Continuous Active and Passive. 2.Усилительная конструкция (It is (was)…(who, that, when).

3.Числительные.

Bремена группы Continuous Active and Passive

Упражнение 1. Назовите номера предложений, глаголы-сказуемые которых стоят в Continuous Tense (длительном времени). Предложения переведите.

1.New polymers are being developed which are capable of withstanding high temperatures for long periods of time without losing their desired properties.

2.The work is being done and soon it will be finished.

3.As forests are being destroyed, the amount of carbon dioxide released into the air through industrial pollution and automobiles is increasing.

4.More and more governments are setting rules for keeping water clean.

5.Who will be carrying out a wide program of research in Antarctica?

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Усилительная конструкция

who

It is (was) … what(that) when

Упражнение 2 . Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1.It is the sun’s heat and light that provide most of the energy which makes life on Earth possible.

2.It is this life and the physical features on the Earth that geographers attempt to describe and analyze.

3.It is run–off from melting glaciers, that might increase water resources in some semi–arid regions.

4.It is by means of radio that we receive most of the information collected by satellites at the borders of space.

5.It is from radio that the subject of electronics was born.

Числительные

Упражнение 3. Запишите числами:

August the twentieth, point seven, three hundred and twenty nine, four thousand, nineteen forty – five, one – fifth, sixty five point four, two point eighteen, one sixth, October the thirtieth, ten million.

Прочитайте по-английски:

456, 789, 349, 1879, 5,890, 1,002, 0,89, ½, 27 сентября 1960 г, 3/5 тонны, 1,5

часа, 24 часа, 789 км, 0,5 метра.