- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Translate the words paying attention to their meaning: means, to mean, by means of, by no means, by all means.
- •V.Translate the sentences.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Put each word in brackets in appropriate degrees of comparison.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with “who, whom, whose, what, which”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the following word combinations.
- •IV.Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below.
- •V. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Arrange the jumbled words into the right order.
- •V. Translate the word combinations.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses.
- •Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions.
- •V. Fill in the gaps with “much” or “many”.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle II.
- •Market research
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with “little, a little, few, a few”.
- •V. Read the following numerals.
- •VI. Translate sentences with the word “one”.
- •VII. Translate sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give the Russian equivalents to the international words.
- •IV. Write down the Russian equivalents.
- •Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the vocabulary of the text.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words “some” and “the same”.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions: of, by, with, in, from, to, upon, through.
- •Fill in the gaps with “some, any, no”.
- •VI. Translate sentences paying attention to the word “earn”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Open the brackets and put the verbs in proper form.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “to be going to”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions: to, without, for, in, at, from, with
- •Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •VII. Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Find in the text synonyms for the following words.
- •V.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •VII.Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences with the verb “wonder”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IV. Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •V.Write the following dates in English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the word combinations.
- •IV.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Write and read the following numerals in English.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Infinitive.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX.Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Innovation
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV.Translate the conditional sentences.
- •V. Chose the correct active or passive form of the verb.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III.Choose the antonyms of the following words.
- •IV.Translate into English.
- •V.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •Transport
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech.
- •IV.Translate the following word combinations.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI.Complete the Tag questions.
- •VII.Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs into the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
Commentary and Notes to the text
1. receipts [rɪ'siːt] денежные поступления
2. subtract[səb'trækt] вычитать
3. deduct[dɪ'dʌkt] вычитать, отнимать; удерживать
4. take account of – подсчитать что-либо
5. generate ['ʤen(ə)reɪt] вызывать, порождать; производить; генерировать, делать
6. fixed costs фиксированные расходы; постоянные затраты, постоянные издержки
7. variable costs переменные расходы
8. revenue ['rev(ə)njuː] доход; выручка
9. seek [siːk] (seek for / after) искать, разыскивать; предпринимать попытки, пытаться; добиваться (чего-л.) , стремиться (к чему-л.)
10. the short run в течение короткого периода времени
11. flexible ['fleksəbl] гибкий; маневренный; подвижный
12. reward [rɪ'wɔːd] награда; денежное вознаграждение
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What is one of essential characteristics of the private enterprise system?
2. What is the profit?
3. What do business risks include?
4. Most owners and managers seek a satisfactory level of profits, don’t they?
5. What is the strong motivation for entrepreneurs?
6. Why doesn’t business ownership prevent hundreds of thousands of persons from starting new businesses every year?
7. What advantages does the entrepreneur of a small business have?
III.Translate the word combinations.
Business enterprises, profit motive, business profits, sales receipts, enterprise operations, consumer demand, risk management, family income, price indexes, wholesale sales, market research, credit terms, payment condition, government laws, exchange control, storage facilities.
IV.Translate the following sentences.
1.We agree to make some changes if you find it necessary.
2.The discussion won’t take long if everybody speaks to the point.
3.We can deliver the machine in December provided (that) we receive your order within the next ten days.
4.We shall be grateful if you send us your catalogue of Diesel engine.
5. Business managers profit from enterprise operations provided that they have new equipment.
6. A business enterprise can be expected to fail if it does not earn a profit over the long run.
7. If the entrepreneur will be flexible and creative he has the opportunity to earn financial rewards and independence.
8. If the prospects of receipts are greater than expenses, a lot of people undertake economic activity.
V. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions: above, in, within, of, by, between, on, at, for, with.
1. The company has already coped … the immediate task.
2. They estimate the losses … 2,000 dollars.
3. The firm violated the contract … delivering goods of low quality.
4. Sales can be based … quality and service rather than quantity and price,
5. Payment will be made …ten days.
6. The construction of this plant will be completed … eight months.
7. There were… 200 people there.
8. He is looking … a good job.
9. This ship makes regular voyages … Odessa and Batumi.
VI. Write and read the following numerals in English.
286; 406; 1,001; 1,250; 2,235; 4,000; 100,000; 1,234,376; 1,000.000.