- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Translate the words paying attention to their meaning: means, to mean, by means of, by no means, by all means.
- •V.Translate the sentences.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Put each word in brackets in appropriate degrees of comparison.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with “who, whom, whose, what, which”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the following word combinations.
- •IV.Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below.
- •V. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Arrange the jumbled words into the right order.
- •V. Translate the word combinations.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses.
- •Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions.
- •V. Fill in the gaps with “much” or “many”.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle II.
- •Market research
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with “little, a little, few, a few”.
- •V. Read the following numerals.
- •VI. Translate sentences with the word “one”.
- •VII. Translate sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give the Russian equivalents to the international words.
- •IV. Write down the Russian equivalents.
- •Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the vocabulary of the text.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words “some” and “the same”.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions: of, by, with, in, from, to, upon, through.
- •Fill in the gaps with “some, any, no”.
- •VI. Translate sentences paying attention to the word “earn”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Open the brackets and put the verbs in proper form.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “to be going to”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions: to, without, for, in, at, from, with
- •Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •VII. Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Find in the text synonyms for the following words.
- •V.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •VII.Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences with the verb “wonder”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IV. Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •V.Write the following dates in English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the word combinations.
- •IV.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Write and read the following numerals in English.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Infinitive.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX.Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Innovation
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV.Translate the conditional sentences.
- •V. Chose the correct active or passive form of the verb.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III.Choose the antonyms of the following words.
- •IV.Translate into English.
- •V.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •Transport
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech.
- •IV.Translate the following word combinations.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI.Complete the Tag questions.
- •VII.Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs into the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.
The production and exchange of goods (to study) by economics.
Trends in prices, output, and unemployment (to analyze) in the overall economy.
Economic barriers (to put) at national frontiers to protect the policy of the country.
Goods (to distribute) to various members of society for their consumption.
Commodity prices (to set) by government.
Economic development ( to define) whereby changes in social, political and economic forces.
Scarce goods usually (import) from foreign countries.
Translate the following sentences into English.
Экономика изучает вопросы, связанные с производством и обменом товаров.
Она анализирует тенденции в изменении цен, выпуске товаров и незанятости рабочей силы.
Экономика показывает, как люди должны использовать скудные и ограниченные ресурсы, чтобы производить товары.
Она объясняет, как распределять товары среди различных слоев населения.
Предметом изучения экономики являются деньги, банковское дело и капитал.
6. Страны всегда экспортировали одни товары и импортировали другие.
Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
To rise, to be, to cut, to win, to take, to sell, to put, to go, to buy, to do.
Write down sentences with the following idioms.
Want is the mother of industry- Нужда – мать усердия ( Голь на выдумки хитра)
A golden opportunity – прекрасный случай, блестящая возможность;
Opportunity seldom knocks twice. Счастливый случай редко приходит дважды.
UNIT 2
MARKET
Read and translate the text.
Demand. It is commonly observed that the quantity of goods that people will buy at one time depends on its price. The higher the price charged for an article, the less people will be willing to buy. And the lower its market price, the more units of an article will be in demand.
Thus there exists at any one time a definite relationship between the market price of goods and the quantity demanded of that goods. When the price of a commodity is raised (and other things are held constant) buyers tend to buy less of the commodity. Similarly, when the price is lowered, quantity demanded increases.
Example. When the price of personal computers was sky-high, only the richest people could afford them. As the price of personal computers began to fall, more and more people found them worthwhile – for work, for school, or for fun.
Supply Schedule and Supply Curve. By supply we mean the quantity of goods that businesses willingly produce and sell. More precisely, we relate the quantity of goods that is supplied to its market price, holding other things equal, such as cost of production, the prices of substitute goods, and the organization of the market.
The supply schedule of a commodity means the relationship between its market price and the amount of that commodity that producers are willing to produce and sell.
Supply-and-demand analysis shows how market mechanisms deal with the triad of economic problems: what, how and for whom.
Many factors lie behind the demand relationship for an entire market: average family incomes, population, the prices of related goods, tastes, and other factors. When these factors change, the demand curve will shift.
Factors other than the goods’ price effect its supply, the most important being the cost of production of the goods, determined by the state of technology and by input prices. Other factors in supply include the prices of substitute goods, the market organization, and other factors.