- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Translate the words paying attention to their meaning: means, to mean, by means of, by no means, by all means.
- •V.Translate the sentences.
- •VI. Put each word in brackets in appropriate degrees of comparison.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with “who, whom, whose, what, which”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the following word combinations.
- •IV.Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions given below.
- •V. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •VI. Translate into English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Arrange the jumbled words into the right order.
- •V. Translate the word combinations.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to Sequence of Tenses.
- •Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Match the words with their definitions.
- •V. Fill in the gaps with “much” or “many”.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle II.
- •Market research
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with “little, a little, few, a few”.
- •V. Read the following numerals.
- •VI. Translate sentences with the word “one”.
- •VII. Translate sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give the Russian equivalents to the international words.
- •IV. Write down the Russian equivalents.
- •Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the vocabulary of the text.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words “some” and “the same”.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Subject.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions: of, by, with, in, from, to, upon, through.
- •Fill in the gaps with “some, any, no”.
- •VI. Translate sentences paying attention to the word “earn”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate the word combinations.
- •IV. Open the brackets and put the verbs in proper form.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “to be going to”.
- •VIII. Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions: to, without, for, in, at, from, with
- •Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •VI.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •VII. Make the sentences negative.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Find in the text synonyms for the following words.
- •V.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents for the following.
- •VII.Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •Find in the text the English equivalents for the following phrases.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Read and translate the sentences with the verb “wonder”.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Write the following sentences in the Past and Future Tenses.
- •IV. Write down the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives.
- •V.Write the following dates in English.
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III.Translate the word combinations.
- •IV.Translate the following sentences.
- •VI. Write and read the following numerals in English.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Infinitive.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX.Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Innovation
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech of the following words and translate them.
- •IV.Translate the conditional sentences.
- •V. Chose the correct active or passive form of the verb.
- •VII.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjunctive Mood.
- •Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III.Choose the antonyms of the following words.
- •IV.Translate into English.
- •V.Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences.
- •Transport
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Define the part of speech.
- •IV.Translate the following word combinations.
- •V. Translate sentences with the word “it”.
- •VI.Complete the Tag questions.
- •VII.Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs into the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
- •VIII.Write down the forms of the irregular verbs.
- •IX. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
Н.В. Мрвич
BUSINESS ENGLISH
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Учебное пособие «Деловой иностранный язык» (Business English) предназначено для бакалавров МУБиНТ, владеющих английским языком в объеме программы высшего профессионального образования.
Курс « Деловой иностранный язык» ставит целью:
а) обучить бакалавров чтению и пониманию литературы по специальности;
б) обеспечить развитию навыков устной речи с учетом профессиональной направленности.
Пособие состоит из 17 уроков, на изучение каждого из которых рекомендуется затрачивать не менее 4- 6 часов аудиторных занятий. Пособие
включает в себя тексты и комментарии на английском языке, облегчающие понимание трудных словосочетаний. Лексические и грамматические упражнения предназначены для закрепления и пополнения лексики основных текстов и для повторения основных грамматических конструкций, необходимых для понимания и перевода специальной литературы.
Общий словарный запас пособия составляет 3000-3500 слов и выражений.
В конце пособия имеется краткий англо-русский словарь экономических терминов с транскрипцией.
Составитель: Н.В. Мрвич, к.ф.н., доцент кафедры массовых коммуникаций Вологодского филиала Академии МУБиНТ
Рецензент: Л.Н. Смирнова, к.п.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков для технических направлений Вологодского государственного университета
Вологда - 2015
CONTENTS
Unit 1. DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS ………………. 3
Unit 2. MARKET ……………………………………….. 6
Unit 3. COSTS ………………………………………….. 9
Unit 4. PRICE ………………………………………….. 12
Unit 5. MARKETING ………………………………….. 15
Unit 6. MARKET RESEARCH ………………………. 18
Unit 7. DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE ……………. 21
Unit 8. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ………………… 25
Unit 9. WHOLESALERS ………………………………. 29
Unit 10. RETAILERS ………………………………….. 32
Unit 11. ADVERTISING ………………………………. 35
Unit 12. BUSINESS AND SOCIETY ………………… 38
Unit 13. DEFINITION OF THE PROFIT MOTIVE …… 41
Unit 14. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ………… 44
Unit 15. INNOVATION ………………………………. 48
Unit 16. STARTING A NEW BUSINESS …………… 51
Unit 17. TRANSPORTATION ………………………… 54
GLOSSARY ………………………………………… 57
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS …………………….. 70
IRREGULAR VERBS ………………………………… 72
UNIT 1
DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS
Read and translate the text.
Economics is the study of those activities that involve the production and exchange of goods. It analyzes movements in the overall economy – trends in prices, output, and unemployment. Once such phenomena are understood, economics helps develop the policies by which governments can improve the performance of the economy.
Economics is the science of choice. It studies how people choose to use scarce or limited productive resources – land, labour, equipment, technical knowledge – to produce various commodities such as wheat, beef, overcoats, roads, and missiles, and to distribute these goods to various members of society for their consumption. It helps explain why nations export some goods and import others, and analyzes the effects of putting economic barriers at national frontiers.
Economics is the study of money, banking, capital, and wealth. But if we summarize all these definitions, we would find a common theme such as following:
It is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different groups.
Human wants are infinite and resources are scarce; some person, some institution, or some process must decide the uses to which resources are put and see to it that they are used efficiently.
Economic development can be defined as the dynamic process whereby changes in social, political and economic forces bring about improvements in per capita income. These improvements are distributed among different strata of the population.
Commentary and Notes to the text
1. involve [ɪn'vɔlv] включать в себя, содержать
2. infinite ['ɪnfɪnət ], [-ɪt] бесконечный, безграничный
3. want [wɔnt] потребность, желание
4. effect [ɪ'fekt] результат, следствие; цель, намерение
5. output ['autput] продукция; выпуск изделий
6. performance [pə'fɔːmən(t)s] (рабочая) характеристика; производительность; эффективность; выполнение (операции)
7. scarce [skeəs]недостаточный, скудный
8. whereby [(h)weə'baɪ] посредством чего, при помощи чего; в соответствии с чем
9. bring about -осуществлять; вызывать; быть причиной; приводить к чему-либо
10. per capita income [pə'kæpɪtə] доход на человека, на душу населения
11. distribute [dɪ'strɪbjuːt] распределять, раздавать
12. valuable ['væljuəbl] ценный; дорогой, дорогостоящий, драгоценный
13. use[juːs] польза; использование, применение, употребление
14. put smth. to good use — найти хорошее применение чему-л.
15. see to it - позаботиться о чём-л., добиться чего-л.
Answer the following questions.
What does economics study?
What trends does it analyze?
Why is it the science of choice?
Are human wants infinite?
Why do nations export any goods and import others?
How can economic development be defined?
Write the nouns in plural.
Box, knife, party, glass, company, half, man, month, city, phenomenon,
shelf, hero, life, woman, cargo, son-in-law, foot, key, country, thief, child, passer-by.
Translate the following words of the same root into Russian.
to consume - consumption- consumable-consumer;
product- production –productive- productivity;
to develop – developer –development –developmental;
to distribute – distribution- distributer- distributee;
to improve – improvement- improvable-improver;
to economise- economic- economical- economics-economy- economist.
Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the vocabulary of the text.
Economics studies such activities that involve the production and ….. of goods.
Goods are distributed to various members of society for their…..
It analyzes the effects of putting ….barriers at national frontiers.
It is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable….
Human wants are ….. and resources are scarce.
Improvements in per capita income are distributed among different …. of the population.